Purulent nasopharyngitis. Symptoms and treatment of nasopharyngitis - find out all the details. Antiviral and antibacterial drugs

An inflammatory process in a child that involves the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx is medically diagnosed as rhinopharyngitis.

The nasal cavity plays a huge role in the respiratory process:

villi of the mucous membrane, which are in constant movement, help retain dust in the air;
mucus glands secrete mucus, which moisturizes the air and disinfects it;
the air in the nasal cavity, inhaled by the child, is cleaned, moistened and warmed.

Free nasal breathing is important for a child, and if it is difficult, the quality of life will deteriorate.

Causes of nasopharyngitis

Rhinopharyngitis is nothing more than a reaction of the nasal mucosa to a mechanical, bacterial, chemical or thermal irritant. Most often, doctors diagnose viral and allergic rhinopharyngitis. Unilateral can develop with a foreign body in the nose of a small child; it is extremely rare that doctors note the progression of isolated inflammation of the pharynx () or nose (), because usually this pathological process spreads to the entire nasopharynx.

The causative agents of inflammation can be:

gonococci;

Inflammation can develop along an ascending (starts in the pharynx and spreads to the nasal cavity) and descending (from the nasal cavity moves to the pharynx) line. This pathological process can spread to the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and given the direct connection of the nasopharynx with the middle ear (through the Eustachian tube), it often occurs.

The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets, susceptibility to viruses in children is very high, premature babies and malnourished children are especially susceptible to infection. Rhinopharyngitis in childhood can occur in acute, subacute and chronic forms.

If we talk about the causes of allergic nasopharyngitis, then these can be food, fungal, household allergens: pet hair, bird feathers, fungal spores, food for aquarium fish and so on. Factors that provoke allergic nasopharyngitis include crowding of people in a confined space, irregular ventilation of premises, pollution atmospheric air, insufficient intake of vitamins and microelements into the child’s body.

Symptoms of different forms of nasopharyngitis in a child

Acute nasopharyngitis

The classic symptom of this form of the disease in question is nasal congestion, accompanied by sneezing. Mucosal secretions accumulate in the baby's nasal cavity, which causes difficulty in feeding - the baby is forced to release the chest from the mouth and take a breath every 2-3 sips. The result of such “interrupted” feeding is underweight and/or weight loss. Difficulties with breathing cause anxiety in the baby, he often cries, and sleep is disturbed.

At the beginning of the development of acute rhinopharyngitis, clear and liquid discharge comes from the nose, then it becomes thicker, mucous, and in some cases it comes from the nose purulent discharge, it is extremely rare that mucous secretions contain an admixture of blood in the form of thin veins-fibers. Redness appears around the nasal passages of the child - this is a consequence of irritation of the tender skin secreted mucus and a handkerchief/napkin that parents constantly wipe their nose with. Acute nasopharyngitis is very difficult for young children to tolerate, because their breathing is difficult, and if mucus stagnates in the posterior parts of the nasal cavity, it dries out and narrows the already swollen nasal passages, which leads to a complete absence of nasal breathing.

In older children, acute nasopharyngitis is characterized not only by nasal congestion, but also by sore throat, pain when swallowing, headache and aches throughout the body. Patients often complain of ear congestion and hearing loss, and this may indicate incipient inflammation of the eustachian tube. With such extensive and rapid progression acute form of the disease in question, the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes will certainly be enlarged, the patient’s voice will acquire a nasal tone.

Note:acute nasopharyngitis often occurs against the background elevated temperature bodies. In young children, even low-grade fever can provoke a convulsive syndrome, which must be stopped by qualified doctors.

Since nasopharyngitis is an inflammation of not only the nasal cavity, but also the pharynx, the characteristic symptom of the disease is and, which will develop according to the classical pattern: at the beginning of the disease - dry, then wet with sputum discharge. Acute pharyngitis provokes the release of a large amount of mucus, which flows down the back wall pharynx and can provoke it in a child. In some cases, in addition to vomiting, the patient also experiences bloating, but this does not apply to characteristic symptoms and is not taken into account in diagnostics.

Acute nasopharyngitis often occurs with exacerbations and, in addition to otitis media, these can be or. Especially dangerous complication for young children there is inflammation of the vocal cords, which requires emergency medical care.

If the acute form of the disease in question proceeds without complications, then recovery occurs within 7 days; in rare cases, a wave-like course of the disease may be observed, when its symptoms either subside or appear with greater intensity.

Chronic nasopharyngitis

It is characterized by a long course and is the result of insufficient treatment of the acute form of rhinopharyngitis. Factors that contribute to the chronicity of the inflammatory process are other foci chronic infections in organism. In medicine, there are three forms of chronic nasopharyngitis: catarrhal, atrophic and hypertrophic.

At chronic inflammation nasal cavity and pharynx all discomfort in the pharynx (described above) persist even during treatment, the child may experience severe hoarseness and sore throat. Discharge from the nose will be mucous or purulent, the patient is bothered by a dry cough, but in the morning hours sputum may appear during the next coughing attack, which often provokes vomiting. The tonsils in the pharynx become loose and enlarged, and the lymph nodes on the back and side walls of the pharynx also become larger in size.

Allergic nasopharyngitis

Most often, this type of disease in question appears in the summer, when the flowering period of grasses and trees begins. Only by clinical signs allergic rhinopharyngitis is almost impossible to differentiate from viral and bacterial. Symptoms of allergic rhinopharyngitis:

sudden onset of nasal congestion due to extensive swelling of the mucous membrane;
tearing and redness of the eyelids;
cough;
copious mucus discharge from the nose;
difficulty breathing;
itching and burning in the eyes and nasal passages;
sore throat.

All of the above manifestations of allergic rhinopharyngitis decrease as soon as contact with the allergen stops, and this already serves hallmark diseases.

Note:Allergic rhinopharyngitis does not pose a threat to the child’s life, but it is still necessary to treat it. The fact is that a prolonged course of the disease leads to the development of an asthmatic condition.

Treatment of rhinopharyngitis in children

Most often, treatment of the disease in question is carried out on an outpatient basis, but if the doctor insists on placing the sick child in a hospital, you should not refuse. If a child is diagnosed with viral nasopharyngitis, he will be prescribed medications with antiviral effect:

Anaferon (approved for use from 1 month of life);
Oxolinic ointment;
Amiksin (contraindicated in children under 7 years of age);
Viferon-gel.

Antiviral drugs should be used in the treatment of nasopharyngitis in the first three days of the disease. There are some features in using these tools:

Interferon can be used to treat a child at any age in the form of nasal drops or inhalations;
Children under 2 years of age need to dissolve Anaferon in a small amount of water; older children simply dissolve the tablet in their mouth;
Amiksin is used in tablet form;
Oxolinic ointment and Viferon are used to lubricate the mucous membrane in the nasal passages; these drugs are allowed to be used even by newborn children;
Viferon is applied to the tonsils using a tampon.

To restore the breathing of a sick child, doctors prescribe a 1% solution of Protargol, 4 drops in each nasal passage twice a day. For the same purpose, solutions of Rivanol and Ephedrine, Galazolin (from the age of three), Farmazolin (from the age of six) are used. These medications belong to the group of vasoconstrictors, they should be prescribed by the attending physician, and parents should not exceed the recommended dosage to avoid complications.

Note:Parents often use menthol drops to ease their child’s breathing, but they are strictly contraindicated for children under 3 years of age. In general, children should use menthol drops with extreme caution, as these drugs can provoke spasms of the vocal cords and convulsions.

Note:in the treatment of nasopharyngitis, antibacterial drugs are not used (the only exception is the addition of secondary bacterial flora).

Treatment of allergic rhinopharyngitis

Treatment of this type of disease in question should be carried out strictly as prescribed by the doctor, and prerequisite obtaining a therapeutic effect is to eliminate contact with the allergen or limit its exposure. As drug treatment For allergic rhinopharyngitis, doctors use:

Note:against the background of allergic rhinopharyngitis, a child may develop. In order to eliminate it, the doctor can prescribe various sorbents (Carbolong, ), which also contribute to the rapid removal of the allergen from the body.

Folk remedies

Of course, the use of folk remedies in the treatment of allergic rhinopharyngitis should be agreed with the attending physician. But it is worth trying such treatment methods, as in many cases it gives a positive effect.

The most common folk recipes for the treatment of allergic rhinopharyngitis:

can be used for instillation into the nasal passages, it will help quickly and long time get rid of congestion, relieve swelling of the mucous membrane. Kalanchoe juice, previously diluted with warm water in a 1:1 ratio, you need to gargle, you can also drop it in your nose - the plant has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.
Prepare calendula juice, dilute it with warm water in the proportion of 500 ml of water per 1 tablespoon of medicinal plant juice. The finished product should be used to rinse the nasal passages; the procedure should be carried out over a sink or some kind of utensil, since rinsing implies the free flow of the product out.
Mix onion juice with lemon juice in equal proportions and drop it into the nasal passages in the first days of the disease - swelling of the mucous membrane will quickly disappear and the progression of the inflammatory process will slow down.

Note:Honey and lemon are food allergens, so before using them you need to make sure that the child is not allergic specifically to these products. Otherwise the condition the patient will deteriorate sharply, and may develop.

When coughing, children can be given herbal infusions to drink, which are prepared from coltsfoot, marshmallow, elecampane, licorice roots or plantain. There is no need to mix all these medicinal plants; the infusion is prepared from one type of raw material according to classic recipe: 1 tablespoon of raw material per glass (250-300 ml) of boiling water, infuse for 20-30 minutes, strain. You need to take such infusions 1-2 tablespoons three times a day.

Preventive actions

When a child is sick, it is always a problem both for the sick person and for his parents. To prevent the occurrence of nasopharyngitis in children, you need to regularly carry out certain preventive “measures”:

Walking on fresh air, air baths, selection of clothes in accordance with temperature conditions air - this will increase the child’s overall resistance to infections.
Avoiding contact of the child with sick people. If this is not possible, then you can use Oxolinic ointment and/or Interferon for prophylactic purposes.
Teach your child to breathe through the nose. If you have adenoids that make it difficult to breathe through your nose, contact an otolaryngologist and have them fully treated.
Any foci of chronic infections, as well as dysbiosis, must be treated on time and under the supervision of a doctor.
If a child is allergic to any irritant, then it is necessary to exclude it from life and follow all the recommendations of the attending physician regarding the nutrition and treatment of the baby.

Rhinopharyngitis is often perceived by parents as a common runny nose. In fact, this disease poses some danger to the patient’s health - if it is prolonged and untreated, it can develop severe complications. Therefore, parents should seek qualified medical help when the first symptoms of nasopharyngitis appear in a child.

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

Rhinopharyngitis is a combined inflammatory process, covering the mucous membrane of the pharynx and nose. The disease is often a consequence of a history of acute respiratory viral infection, so its prevalence in the autumn-spring cold season reaches almost 80%. People of all age groups can get sick, however, in children, nasopharyngitis is still more common, which is due to the structural features of their ENT organs. ICD code 10 – J00 Acute nasopharyngitis.

Why does nasopharyngitis occur?

The causative agents of the inflammatory process of the nasopharynx are viral agents (adenoviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses), bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci), as well as fungi of the genus Candida. In addition, factors are identified that create a favorable background for the development of the disease. This includes:

hypothermia;
dry air;
smoking, including passive smoking;
decreased immune properties of the body;
air pollution;
chronic stress;
harmful factors at work associated with inhalation of dust, irritating gases or chemicals;
chronic foci of infection of the ENT organs in the form of caries, sinusitis or rhinitis;
unfavorable social and living conditions.

Classification of rhinopharyngitis

Based on the nature of the course, there are two main forms of the disease:

acute;
chronic.

According to the factors that cause the disease:

infectious origin (fungal, viral, bacterial);
allergic rhinopharyngitis.

Based on the nature of inflammation, the following forms of rhinopharyngitis are distinguished:

catarrhal;
purulent.

Chronic nasopharyngitis has the following types:

atrophic;
subatrophic;
atrophic.

Symptoms of nasopharyngitis

The acute form of nasopharyngitis develops against the background of existing ARVI. The incubation period of the disease ranges from 1 to 4 days. The first signs of the disease are weakness, general malaise, headache, fever. Next, a feeling of itching in the nose appears, accompanied by sneezing. The nose is stuffy, there may be liquid mucous discharge.

Signs indicating inflammation of the pharynx: a feeling of dryness, soreness and rawness, coughing without mucous discharge, sore throat. The disease is characterized by a reflection pain in the ear area or lower jaw. When examining the pharynx, you can see redness and swelling in the areas of the back of the pharynx, tonsils and palatine arches. The degree of redness is determined by the severity of the inflammatory process and can vary from mild to bright red inflammation with a purulent coating. Simultaneously with these phenomena, an increase in regional lymph nodes.

Rhinopharyngitis Psychosomatics

What is pharyngitis and how to treat it

Pharyngitis. Children's doctor.

Elena Malysheva. Pharyngitis

Fervex, instructions. Rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, influenza

Symptoms of pharyngitis are similar clinical picture with sore throat and diphtheria, which requires differential diagnosis these ailments. Only a doctor can determine exactly what pathogen caused the inflammation by conducting a bacteriological culture of the plaque present on the mucous membrane of the pharynx.

Do not forget that the symptoms of acute nasopharyngitis may be the first symptoms of measles, rubella or scarlet fever. This is relevant not only in childhood, but also for adults who have not previously suffered from these infections.

Allergic nasopharyngitis and its symptoms

The causes of allergic rhinopharyngitis are factors causing allergies: plant pollen, animal hair, dust and others. Characteristic feature This form of the disease is that the symptoms disappear when contact with the allergen is stopped, or vice versa, their exacerbation is provoked by the flowering season (if there is a corresponding allergy). Allergic rhinopharyngitis is not contagious to others, since it is an individual reaction of an individual organism.

Allergic rhinopharyngitis has the same symptoms as the acute form of a similar disease. The inflammatory process begins in the nasal cavity and then descends to the pharynx area. Also, in addition to a sore throat and stuffy nose, patients will be bothered by redness and swelling of the eyelids, itching in the nose and eyes.

Runny nose when allergic form rhinopharyngitis is vasomotor in nature. Patients complain of constant or periodic nasal congestion, which is replaced by episodes of watery nasal discharge or itching, sneezing and a feeling of heaviness in the depths of the nose. It has been noticed that throughout the day these phenomena can suddenly appear and go away on their own, and also disturb more than ten times. At night, the nose is constantly stuffy, which is due to the increased influence of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A severe allergic reaction of the body may not be limited only to nasopharyngitis, but may also be accompanied by inflammation paranasal sinuses nose or underlying respiratory tract.

What is chronic nasopharyngitis and how does it manifest?

The chronic form of rhinopharyngitis is often a consequence of a poorly treated acute form of the disease or the long-term presence of infectious foci in the teeth and sinuses of the nose. In addition, the factors that provoke the disease are: long-term use vasoconstrictor nasal drops, endocrine, digestive and cardiovascular systems, lack of vitamin A, polluted air, abuse of spicy or sour foods, smoking cigarettes. Chronic nasopharyngitis is characterized by phases of exacerbation and remission.

In the acute stage, patients are bothered by complaints of constant discomfort in the throat: soreness, soreness, aggravated by swallowing movements, feeling foreign body. It is also noted that there is unpleasant odor from the mouth, a feeling of dryness accompanied by thirst. There may be hard cows caused by mucus drying out. As a rule, attempts to remove them are accompanied by gagging or nausea.

Inflammatory phenomena in the nose are characterized by mucous discharge in the morning. In advanced cases, a decrease or loss of smell may occur.

Symptoms and causes of chronic hypertrophic and catarrhal rhinopharyngitis

The symptoms of catarrhal nasopharyngitis are accompanied by patient complaints such as pain and rawness in the throat, difficulty in nasal breathing, alternating nasal congestion on the right or left side, clear or mucopurulent discharge. There is an increase in nasal congestion in the lying position and its absence when physical activity. Due to the flow of mucus into the nasopharynx, a cough occurs, which intensifies in the morning.

Upon examination, a hyperemic mucous membrane of the nasopharynx of a loose and edematous nature will be observed. Such changes are especially inherent in lymphoid tissue, the proliferation of which will occur in the hypertrophic form of nasopharyngitis. The lymph nodes in the back of the throat will be enlarged, but this symptom is not always present.

Atrophic and subatrophic rhinopharyngitis

Subatrophic rhinopharyngitis most often occurs due to the following reasons:

accompanying pathologies digestive tract, among which not the least place is occupied by atrophic gastritis;
diseases of the pancreas and gall bladder (pancreatitis, cholecystitis);
decreased intestinal tone;
gastroesophageal reflux disease, in which the acidic contents of the stomach are thrown into the esophagus.

Patients will be bothered by a sore throat, discomfort and difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and difficult discharge from the throat. Upon examination, the mucous membrane of the pharynx has a pale appearance, it is thinned, dry and abundantly permeated with vessels.

What complications can occur after nasopharyngitis?

If the disease was provoked by viral agents, then secondary bacterial flora may be added, which can spread to the sinuses, bronchi or lungs. Accordingly, this will lead to diseases such as sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis or pneumonia. A favorable background for the spread of infection is a significant decrease in immunity in adults and children, pregnancy, and inadequate antibiotic therapy.

An additional risk factor for nasopharyngitis are some underlying diseases ( bronchial asthma and bronchiectasis), which are often aggravated by viral respiratory tract infections.

Complications of nasopharyngitis are dangerous for children early age, in which the inflammatory process quickly spreads to the larynx and can cause false croup.

If untimely and improper treatment is used, the acute process can become chronic, which subsequently leads to diseases of the middle ear, paranasal sinuses and lower respiratory tract.

Diagnosis of nasopharyngitis

The diagnosis of nasopharyngitis is clarified taking into account the patient’s complaints, medical history (duration of symptoms, previous and concomitant diseases) and examination. Examination of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx is called rhinopharyngoscopy; with its help, the doctor will determine the condition and nature of changes in the mucous membranes, and whether there is exudate on them.

For chronic nasopharyngitis, the examination plan also includes radiography or CT scan paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, as well as consultation with a therapist, pulmonologist and gastroenterologist.

The long course of the disease requires differential diagnosis with allergic or diphtheria rhinopharyngitis, which is carried out through immunoenzyme and general analyzes blood, as well as bacteriological examination mucus.

Treatment of nasopharyngitis

To treat nasopharyngitis, treatment is used, which includes measures aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease and problems in the nasal cavity and pharynx separately. You can treat nasopharyngitis at home, following the recommendations given by your doctor. IN acute period bed rest and dietary nutrition are prescribed. You should consume liquid broths and thin porridges warm, avoid hot, cold and spicy foods, drink a large number of liquids. The more carefully you follow medical prescriptions, the faster the symptoms of the disease will be relieved.

Treatment of rhinitis phenomena is carried out taking into account the stage. Yes, when initial signs, which are accompanied by dryness and irritation of the mucous membrane, it is recommended to treat the nasal passages with oil or saline solutions. Additionally, you can carry out thermal procedures, hot baths and rubbing.

In the phase of serous discharge, you should continue to rinse your nose with solutions sea salt, and also use astringent drops such as “Protargol” or “Collargol”. During the period of serous-purulent discharge, use saline solutions and vasoconstrictor drugs (“Nazivin”, “Nazol”, “Galazolin”).

Note! Use vasoconstrictor drops You can do this for no more than five days, otherwise there will be exactly the opposite effect and you will get a drug-induced runny nose.

Inflammation of the pharynx is treated with local antiseptic drugs in the form of solutions, sprays and lozenges:

Sea salt solutions, eucalyptus or chamomile decoctions are suitable for gargling. Do the procedure at least 3-4 times a day after meals.
Irrigation of the mucous membrane is carried out with aerosols containing an antiseptic or antibiotic (Ingalipt, Hexoral, Yoks);
lozenges: “Strepsils”, “Faryngosept”.

In the case of pathogens of bacterial origin, systemic antibacterial drugs are prescribed. The fight against chronic nasopharyngitis primarily includes the elimination of the provoking factor and is aimed at increasing the body's defenses.

Prevention of nasopharyngitis

Primary prevention of the disease is designed to prevent the onset of pathology. This includes treatment of chronic infectious foci, timely consultation with a doctor in case of colds, hardening of the body, healthy image life, struggle with bad habits, improving working conditions.

Secondary prevention is needed to prevent relapses of the disease. Avoid hypothermia, dry air, harden your body, eat rationally. If symptoms of nasopharyngitis appear, or there are signs of exacerbation, perform inhalations, thermal procedures and rinse your nose and throat with saline solutions.

The most interesting on the topic

Diseases of the upper respiratory tract are perhaps the most common ailments that an otolaryngologist has to deal with. Such pathological conditions can occur under the influence of many factors, but most often they are caused by the aggression of viruses and bacteria. Lack of adequate correction of such diseases or exposure to additional irritating factors can lead to the development chronic form diseases. The topic of our conversation today will be chronic nasopharyngitis, the symptoms and treatment of which in adults we will discuss in a little more detail.

By nasopharyngitis we mean inflammation localized in the area of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx. This disease combines two similar diseases - rhinitis and pharyngitis. The chronic form of the disease usually occurs due to insufficiently comprehensive treatment for acute forms of rhinopharyngitis or ordinary sinusitis.

Often, with this disease, the patient experiences the presence of an infectious focus in carious teeth or in the nasal sinuses. There are three types of chronic nasopharyngitis, represented by atrophic nasopharyngitis, catarrhal pharyngitis, and hypertrophic nasopharyngitis.

How does chronic nasopharyngitis manifest, what are its symptoms in adults?

In the atrophic chronic form of rhinopharyngitis, the patient often complains of the presence discomfort and rawness in the throat area, hoarseness may occur. Upon examination, pallor of the mucous membranes is noticeable, they become thinner and excessively shiny.

With catarrhal and hypertrophic forms, the patient may complain of painful sensations in the throat, as well as rawness. In addition, he is worried about the feeling of the presence of a foreign body in this area. With these types of chronic nasopharyngitis, abundant mucous or purulent discharge appears from both the nose and throat, which forces the patient to systematically cough up. When the body position changes in the morning, the patient begins to cough especially violently, and even a gag reflex may occur. Quite often, the growth of the tonsils is recorded; they may be slightly reddened.

The mucous membranes become loose and swollen in the tonsil area. There is an increase in lymph nodes in the area of the back wall of the pharynx (doctors talk about granulosa rhinopharyngitis). If there is an increase in lymphoid tissue along the side walls, lateral rhinopharyngitis is diagnosed.

With all types of chronic rhinopharyngitis, the patient may be bothered by bad smell from the mouth and a feeling of dryness, which is accompanied by thirst. From time to time, patients develop hard crusts, which are explained by the drying of the mucus that separates. When trying to get rid of them, vomiting and nausea occur.

How is chronic nasopharyngitis corrected? What is its effective treatment in adults?

Therapy for chronic nasopharyngitis should be comprehensive. Patients with this diagnosis need to adhere to a dietary diet: switch to easily digestible foods, reduce the total calorie content of the diet, and eliminate the consumption of hot, spicy, and cold foods. An important role is played by compliance with the drinking regime - taking a sufficient amount of liquid, at least one and a half to two liters ordinary water in a day. For successful recovery, it is necessary to systematically wet clean the room, ventilate and control air humidity (maintain at 50-55%).

In case of exacerbation of chronic nasopharyngitis, the doctor may prescribe antihistamines that relieve swelling and help eliminate inflammation. Such drugs are represented by the drugs Loratadine, Cetirizine, Tavegil (the instructions for use of each drug before use must be studied personally from the official annotation included in the package!). Rinsing and washing the nose have an excellent effect. By the way, preparations with sea water– Aquamaris, Physiomer, Aqualor, etc.

Experts advise treating the throat with Lugol or propolis tincture in alcohol. Miramistin can also be used for this purpose.

For instillation into the nose for rhinopharyngitis, you should use oil drops (for example, Pinosol or ordinary boiled olive oil), you can also use solutions of Collargol or Protargol.

An excellent effect is obtained by inhalation with ordinary saline solution or mineral water.

With timely correction, exacerbation of chronic nasopharyngitis subsides quite quickly. In order for the therapy to be as effective as possible, the doctor can also prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures to the patient, represented by electrical procedures and heating of the nasopharynx, electrophoresis, and irradiation of the nasopharynx with tube-quartz. Biogenic stimulants and proteolytic enzymes often provide a remarkable therapeutic effect.

In the event that the disease does not respond conservative therapy, the doctor may insist on laser treatment, cryotherapy or minimally invasive surgical interventions.

Folk remedies

Chronic nasopharyngitis in adults can be treated using not only medications, but also traditional medicine.

Using calamus in combination with chamomile gives an excellent effect. Grind the calamus root in the amount of a tablespoon and brew with half a liter of boiling water and simmer over low heat for ten minutes. Next, add a tablespoon of chamomile to the broth, stir and remove from heat. Infuse the medicine under the lid for an hour. Use the strained drink for rinsing and inhalation.

Also, for chronic nasopharyngitis, you can use pine buds, the use of which in folk medicine allows you to prepare good medicine. To prepare such a healing remedy, you need to stock up on half a kilogram pine buds, brew them with one and a half liters of water and send them to the fire. Bring the mixture to a boil and simmer for twenty minutes.

Infuse the medicine until it cools, then strain. For a liter of the resulting decoction, prepare a kilogram of honey and ten milliliters of thirty percent propolis tincture. Combine all ingredients, mix thoroughly and store in the refrigerator. Take the finished medicine one tablespoon three times a day.

The advisability of using traditional medicine should be discussed with your doctor.

Colds are the most common illness in adults and children. Today we will look at nasopharyngitis. This article will tell you what its danger is and what treatment methods are used.

Most cases of this disease are consequences of acute respiratory viral infection. Doctors put him in a separate category. Rhinopharyngitis is an inflammation of the nasal sinuses (rhinitis) and the laryngeal mucosa (pharyngitis).

Rhinopharyngitis

Before starting treatment, you need to know the characteristics of the disease:

Pharyngitis– a disease that arose as a complication after acute respiratory distress viral infection. In more rare cases, the causative agent is bacteria. Accompanied by symptoms: sore throat, dry cough, pain when swallowing.
Rhinitis– runny nose, which occurs when the mucous membranes of the nose become inflamed. There are several stages of the disease: First stage characterized by specific symptoms: sneezing, headaches, body aches, slight soreness in the larynx, slightly elevated temperature, mild cough. Second stage accompanied by heavy discharge nasal fluid, fever and severe nasal congestion.Last stage– thick discharge and general nasal congestion. If the disease proceeds without complications, you can get rid of rhinitis after 7 days.

Symptoms of nasopharyngitis

The disease nasopharyngitis has similar symptoms to pharyngitis and rhinitis, in which the following are observed:

Dryness, soreness and burning in the nasopharynx;
Breathing through the nose is difficult, nasal sounds appear (this is especially typical in children).
Periodically, mucus accumulates in the nasopharynx, which is difficult to separate. Sometimes blood is found in the mucus.
The larynx is inflamed and swollen. The discharge has a viscous consistency.
There is an increase in lymphoid tissue in the back of the head and neck.
Sometimes the disease causes complications on the hearing aid, in which case the patient’s hearing deteriorates, pain and clicking in the ears occurs.

Symptoms of nasopharyngitis

Inflammation of the nasopharynx can be caused by various viruses (influenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, etc.) and bacteria (chlamydia, mycoplasma, diphtheria bacillus, and others). Less commonly, inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx can be caused allergic reactions(plant pollen, animal hair, household dust mites, etc.).

Rhinopharyngitis in children

A child's body is weaker than that of adults, as a result of which the disease in young patients is more complex and is often accompanied by complications. Therefore, at the first signs of nasopharyngitis, you must immediately consult a doctor. The first symptom that should alert parents is complaints of a sore throat.. In children, the disease is accompanied by a runny nose, this is due to the structural features of the nasopharynx and the characteristic properties of the mucous membrane.

To prevent nasopharyngitis, symptoms and treatment for children, every mother needs to know. Let's look at the main signs of the disease in children.:

Treatment of viral nasopharyngitis, is prescribed depending on the symptoms accompanying the course of the disease. Basic means for treating the disease:

The diet should be balanced, a gentle diet is recommended.
Drinking should be warm and plentiful.
The nose is washed with a warm, salty solution.
To ease breathing, vasoconstrictor drugs are prescribed.
To relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, antihistamines, such as Loratadine, are used.
Painkillers to reduce pain in the throat (lozenges, sprays, etc.).
At high temperatures, antipyretic drugs (ibuprofen, paracetamol, nurofen) are used.
Bioparox is an antimicrobial drug.

A course of antibiotics can be prescribed only if nasopharyngitis is bacterial in nature. If the disease is caused by an allergen, you must first of all completely eliminate contact with the causative agent of the disease. Steroids and antihistamines which are prescribed by the doctor.

Antipyretics for children

There are several stages of nasopharyngitis: acute, chronic, allergic. Let's take a closer look at the symptoms of each of them.

Chronic stage of the disease

To figure out how to deal with the disease, you need to know what chronic nasopharyngitis is, symptoms and treatment in adults.

Untreated rhinitis or acute nasopharyngitis cause the chronic form of the disease.

The course of the disease is long and can last for months or even years. The patient has a constant runny nose and cough. Frequent complaints of sleep dysfunction due to difficulty breathing. Often the patient is unable to distinguish odors. A characteristic feature of the disease is the presence of a permanent focus of infection in the nose and teeth (in the form of caries).

Chronic nasopharyngitis, divided into three categories:

Acute form of the disease

Acute nasopharyngitis, what is it and what symptoms accompany it? Inflammation of the mucous tissues of the nasopharynx is called nasopharyngitis.

Acute nasopharyngitis symptoms

In the acute form, the following symptoms are observed::

Itching in the nasal cavity and frequent sneezing.
Copious mucus discharge, often purulent.
Changes in voice timbre.
Soreness, hoarseness and pain during swallowing.
Temperature rises to 38 degrees.
Dizziness and general malaise.
Inflammation of the lymphatic tissues on the back wall of the larynx.

The disease has its own code in international classification diseases (ICD-10).

Rhinopharyngitis IBC code 10 – (acute nasopharyngitis) J00.

Rhinopharyngitis in pregnant women

Like any other disease, nasopharyngitis is dangerous for the health of the unborn baby, especially since many drugs are contraindicated for a woman during this period. To prevent the occurrence of the disease, you need to follow preventive measures:

When treating a pregnant woman, you should stick to a certain routine:

rest often;
try to talk as little as possible;
warm, drinking plenty of fluids(it is forbidden to drink hot and cold drinks, this will lead to even greater irritation of the mucous membrane);
change your diet. Completely avoid sour and salty foods;
do rinses oral cavity prepared, warm solution of chamomile and sage.

Drug treatment for pregnant women should be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor. You should not self-medicate, as this is unsafe for the developing fetus.

Be healthy!

Acute nasopharyngitis is an inflammation of the nose and pharynx. The disease combines symptoms of rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa) and pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa).

This pathology occurs as a complication of acute respiratory viral infection and is transmitted by airborne droplets. Another name for the disease is acute nasopharyngitis.

Causes of the disease

The most common causative agent of the disease is adenovirus. In more rare cases, the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx is caused by streptococci and staphylococci, which are activated when the immune system is weakened.

The following reasons can trigger the onset of nasopharyngitis:

hypothermia;
chronic infectious process in the body;
weakening after an illness;
avitaminosis;
proliferation of the nasopharyngeal tonsil;
untreated cold;
contact with a sick person;
stressful situations;
drinking cold drinks;
smoking.

Usually, acute rhinitis occurs first, which is manifested by nasal congestion, copious discharge from the nasal passages, lacrimation, and general malaise. Then the infectious process moves to the pharynx area.

Children are especially susceptible to this disease due to the characteristics anatomical structure nasopharynx. In childhood, rhinitis and pharyngitis usually do not occur in isolation.

In some cases, the disease is caused by exposure to an allergen. After contact with an irritating substance, signs of damage to the nasopharynx appear: cough, runny nose, sneezing.

Allergic rhinopharyngitis cannot be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, since the pathology is not associated with exposure to infection.

In people with weakened immune systems, an untreated acute form of the disease can develop into chronic nasopharyngitis, which is protracted and more difficult to treat.

Symptoms of the disease

For nasopharyngitis incubation period lasts from 2 to 5 days. The disease begins suddenly with violent manifestations.

Acute nasopharyngitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

painful sensations in the throat when swallowing and coughing;
copious discharge from the nasal passages;
hoarseness of voice;
increased tearfulness;
headache;
general malaise;
loss of appetite.

In acute nasopharyngitis, symptoms in adults are expressed differently than in children. A child's temperature can rise to 38-38.5ºC. Infants suffer the disease especially hard.

The child sleeps poorly, becomes restless and whiny, and has difficulty breathing due to nasal congestion. In some children with nasopharyngitis, symptoms may resemble gastrointestinal distress.

This is due to the fact that due to nasal congestion, the child swallows air through his mouth. Flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea occur.

Rhinopharyngitis in adults is rarely accompanied by severe fever. Usually observed low-grade fever 37-37.5ºC.

If the disease is caused by an allergen, then a runny nose with swelling of the nasal mucosa first occurs. Then the inflammation spreads to the pharynx, causing a cough and sore throat.

Acute nasopharyngitis is dangerous due to complications. An infection from the nasopharynx can spread to other organs and cause inflammatory diseases: otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis.

In children, the disease can be complicated by bronchospasm and. In people with reduced immunity, untreated nasopharyngitis becomes chronic.

With chronic nasopharyngitis, symptoms and treatment in adults will depend on the form of the disease.

There are 3 types of the disease:

Chronic atrophic rhinopharyngitis. The patient complains of discomfort in the throat. Hoarseness of voice is observed. In this case, the mucous membrane of the throat does not look inflamed, has a pale tint, but is thinned.
Catarrhal and hypertrophic chronic nasopharyngitis. The patient feels a sore throat. He is concerned about the sensation of a foreign body in the throat. Purulent and mucous secretions flow from the nasal passages, sometimes they end up in the throat. There is an unpleasant odor from the mouth. In the morning and evening hours the patient is tormented by a cough with a small amount of mucous sputum. The tonsils look swollen, loose and enlarged.

With chronic nasopharyngitis there is often a slight increase in submandibular lymph nodes and the presence of caries teeth.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before treating nasopharyngitis, diagnosis is necessary. This disease is similar in symptoms to other ailments: diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough. On initial stage The doctor examines the throat and nasal passages.

To clarify the diagnosis, the following tests are prescribed:

blood test for ESR and leukocytes;
taking a swab from the nasopharynx to determine the type of infection.

If the doctor suspects the patient chronic course illness, then the following examinations are carried out:

nasal endoscopy;
tomography of the nasal sinuses and nasopharynx;
X-ray of the nasopharynx;
allergen tests (for allergic forms of the disease).

Treatment methods

After the diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis is made, treatment of the disease begins. Treatment methods will depend on the form of the pathology.

For allergic nasopharyngitis, the following drugs are used:

Antihistamines. Children are prescribed Fenistil and Zyrtec drops. Antiallergic treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults is carried out with the drugs Suprastin and Erius.
Topical nasal remedies. Nasonex hormonal spray is usually used.

When treating acute forms of the disease caused by infection, the following medications are used:

Antipyretic drugs: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Panadol. They are usually used in the treatment of children. Treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults with antipyretic drugs is carried out if the body temperature is above 38.5ºC.
Antibiotics: Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin. Antibacterial drugs are used if inflammation is caused by bacteria. If the disease is of viral origin, the use of such drugs does not make sense. Before prescribing therapy, a nasopharyngeal swab is cultured for sensitivity to antibiotics.
Antiviral drugs: Arbidol, Anaferon, Viferon. They are used if the disease is caused by an adenovirus. However, many doctors believe that such drugs weaken the immune system. Therefore, at present, nasopharyngitis is treated with antiviral drugs only if the body itself cannot cope with the infection.
Local preparations for the nose. Vasoconstrictor drops are used: Otrivin, Vibrocil, Nazivin, Galazolin. Pinosol oil drops and Protargol antiseptic are also instilled. For children, the nasal passages are washed with a solution of sea salt or saline.
Local remedies for the throat. Use rinse solutions with Furacillin, Stomatidin, Givalex, and baking soda. In consultation with your doctor, you can gargle folk remedies: decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage. The mucous membrane of the larynx is lubricated with antiseptics: Lugol's solution, Chlorhexidine.
Lozenges: Faringosept, Decathylene, Lisobakt. These drugs help cure.
Cough remedies: Mucaltin, Ambrobene, Ascoril. For dry cough, take the drug Sinekod.
Inhalations. For nasopharyngitis, inhalation treatment is used if the patient does not have high temperature. For children, inhalations are carried out using a nebulizer using saline or mineral water. Adults are advised to inhale warm steam.

After all symptoms of acute nasopharyngitis disappear, treatment is continued with physiotherapeutic methods.

UHF therapy, quartz and ultraviolet irradiation lesions. This helps eliminate residual effects inflammatory process.

How to treat chronic rhinopharyngitis? First of all, it is necessary to find out and eliminate the cause of the disease. If it is adenoids or a deviated nasal septum, then surgical treatment is indicated.

If the pathology is caused by sinusitis or sinusitis, then a course of treatment with antibacterial drugs is carried out. If the patient has caries teeth, oral sanitation is necessary.

Treatment of the chronic form of the disease is carried out using the following methods:

irradiation of the nasopharynx with quartz;
electrophoresis;
alkaline inhalations;
immunomodulatory drugs;
taking vitamin complexes;
gargling with sage decoction;
instillation of oil solutions into the nose;
use of biostimulants.

Therapy is supplemented by prescribing a special diet with limited hot, cold and spicy foods. During the period of remission, strengthening and hardening procedures are necessary.

Conclusion

We can conclude that nasopharyngitis is far from a harmless disease and often leads to complications. If signs of damage to the nasopharynx occur, you should seek medical help.

This is especially necessary if signs of throat and nose disease occur in a child. After all, the manifestations of nasopharyngitis are similar to many dangerous childhood infections.