Causes of angina in men. The main signs of angina in men. Main signs of ischemic stroke

For decades, it has held a strong leading position among the most common heart diseases, which can lead to complete or partial disability and death of the patient. This term unites a whole group of acute and chronic conditions caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle, which is provoked by disruption of the normal patency of the coronary vessels.

Angina pectoris (or angina pectoris, coronary disease) is one of the most common manifestations of coronary artery disease, and this disease is most often observed among the stronger sex. According to statistics, angina pectoris is detected in approximately 65 men and 35 women out of 100. And if earlier this disease was more often observed among people 55-60 years old, then in last years Cardiologists' patients are increasingly becoming young people aged 30-35 years.

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Angina pectoris is a condition in which the patient periodically experiences cardialgia - paroxysmal pain in the heart area or behind the sternum. Most patients describe them as “squeezing,” “burning,” “squeezing,” or a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the chest. Cardialgia is caused by insufficient supply of oxygen-rich blood (ischemia) to the cells of the heart muscle. This disruption of coronary blood flow is caused by narrowing or complete blockage of the coronary vessels.

In most cases, the cause of angina is atherosclerosis of the heart vessels (see Fig. 1). With this pathology vascular walls Atherosclerotic plaques appear and grow, which provoke narrowing (stenosis) of the lumen of the vessel and insufficient supply of oxygen-enriched blood to cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells). When the coronary artery narrows by 50-70%, the myocardium begins to experience oxygen starvation and the patient develops an angina attack, the severity of which depends on the extent of the narrowing zone of the coronary artery and the location of its localization.

Rice. 1 - Atherosclerosis as main reason angina pectoris in men.

In some cases, narrowing of the coronary arteries and the development of angina pectoris is caused by other diseases that provoke coronary circulation disorders:

consequences of syphilis or rheumatism (periarteritis, aortitis, vasculitis, endarteritis);
allergic and infectious diseases;
pathology abdominal cavity (diaphragmatic hernia, cholelithiasis, etc.).

Factors that lead to the development and progression of angina pectoris may include:

nicotine addiction and addiction to alcohol;
chronic intoxication;
increased blood pressure;
frequent stress;
physical inactivity;
increased levels of “bad” cholesterol;
poor nutrition;
heredity;
age-related changes.

The combination of two or more provoking factors significantly increases the risk of developing angina.

Types of angina

Depending on the factors that provoke an attack of chest pain, the following types of angina are distinguished:

angina pectoris - pain is provoked by psychoemotional, physical or mental stress, eliminated independently at rest or after taking nitroglycerin;
angina at rest - pain is provoked by a sudden spasm of the coronary arteries and appears with the patient’s usual load or at rest.

According to the nature of the angina attacks that occur, angina pectoris can be:

stable - attacks of cardialgia appear with a certain frequency (once every 2-3 months, week, etc.);
unstable - attacks of cardialgia can be new, spontaneous or progressive;
atypical (Prinzmetal's angina) - manifests itself in the appearance of a series of attacks of angina pain that occur cyclically in the morning hours (at the same time).

When the first signs of unstable angina appear, the patient should report their appearance to their attending physician or call an ambulance, since such attacks can cause the development of myocardial infarction or heart attack.

Characteristic signs of angina

The most characteristic symptom Angina is a sudden onset of pain behind the chest or in the area of the heart. It can appear immediately after accelerated movement, a stressful situation, physical activity, psycho-emotional stress (both negative and positive), inhaling a cold headwind or smoking.

Rice. 2 - Chest pain during physical or psycho-emotional stress- a sure sign of angina pectoris in men.

Angina pain is of a compressive nature, can be burning, intensifies with an increase in the provoking factor and becomes less pronounced at rest. Pain sensations are localized in the heart or behind the sternum and can spread to the neck, shoulder, inner surface of the left arm, shoulder blade or lower jaw(see Fig. 3).

Rice. 3 - Localization pain with angina pectoris.

A typical angina attack is often accompanied by the following characteristic symptoms:

feeling of lack of air;
feeling of fear and anxiety;
the patient groans and presses his hand to his chest due to pain;
pallor;
coldness or numbness of the hands;
rapid pulse;
feeling of heartbeat;
increased blood pressure.

During atypical attacks, pain can occur in the shoulder, arm, neck, shoulder blade or teeth, and radiate to the right half of the body, epigastric region or leg. The patient develops the following symptoms:

sweating;
tachycardia;
severe weakness;
chills;
dyspepsia: nausea, vomiting, belching, heartburn, discomfort in the intestines.

Sometimes an angina attack is asymptomatic - the patient feels only malaise and general weakness. Such cases of the development of the disease are called “silent” angina and they are more often observed in men suffering from.

The first painful attack, as a rule, lasts several minutes (from 1 to 15-20) and disappears as suddenly as it appears. The pain may disappear on its own or after taking nitroglycerin. After the end of an attack of cardialgia, angina does not manifest itself in any way and, in the absence of adequate treatment, can lead to the development of the following complications of coronary artery disease:

cardiosclerosis;
heart failure.

First aid

Immediately eliminate the provoking factor - stop any physical activity and eliminate the stress factor.
Sit down or take a half-sitting position, as the pain may become stronger in a lying position.
Unbutton clothes that are restricting breathing, open the window.
Take one nitroglycerin tablet or another nitro-containing drug (Isoket, Nitromint, etc.) under the tongue in the minimum dosage (if the drug is being taken for the first time) or in the dose recommended by the doctor. Taking nitrous-containing drugs if available fainting or fainting should not be performed.
Take ½ tablet of aspirin and 20 drops of Valocordin (or Corvalol) in ½ glass of water.
If there is no effect, taking the nitro-containing drug should be repeated after 5 minutes, but do not take more than 3 doses.

If a patient has developed an angina attack for the first time, then it is necessary to call an ambulance. Also, calling an ambulance is necessary for those patients whose attack of pain lasts more than 10 minutes and cardialgia does not disappear after taking a nitro-containing drug, or pain in the heart has become accompanied by new symptoms (become more pronounced, lasting, began to radiate to the arm, neck, etc. .).

Further treatment of angina pectoris

The patient must remember that the lack of constant and adequate treatment for angina pectoris can lead to the progression of coronary artery disease and its complications. Treatment of angina should be comprehensive and aimed at preventing attacks and complications of this disease.

The treatment plan includes:

diet;
refusal bad habits;
combating obesity;
sufficient physical activity;
exclusion of stressful situations;
drug treatment;
surgical treatment (if indicated).

Diet

Correspondence of the total caloric content of the diet in relation to the energy consumption and physical activity of the patient. Usually, physical activity in patients with angina pectoris it is reduced and they should reduce the calorie content of their usual diet.
Significant restriction of use table salt(cm. ).
Avoid taking foods that have a stimulating and stimulating effect on the nervous system, heart and blood vessels.
A significant reduction in the consumption of foods containing cholesterol, easily digestible carbohydrates and animal fats. The degree to which you reduce your consumption of such foods should depend on your body weight.
Increasing the proportion of fish and vegetable proteins in relation to animal proteins contained in meat and poultry.
Introducing into the diet a sufficient amount of foods rich in vitamins B, E, PP, P and C, lipotropic substances (lecithin, choline, methionine), dietary fiber, fatty acids, potassium, magnesium, chromium, and some other trace elements.
Achieving and maintaining normal body weight.

prevention of progression of atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, brain vessels and other organs;
prevention of progression of ischemic heart disease and hypertension caused by atherosclerosis;
obesity prevention.

If you have IHD, you should limit your consumption of foods such as:

fatty meats (pork, lamb, fatty beef, geese, ducks, offal and lard);
fatty dairy products;
meat broths;
hard fatty cheeses;
egg yolks;
butter, margarine, mayonnaise;
smoked meats;
caviar;
mushrooms;
sausages;
butter dough and confectionery products;
pasta;
chocolate;
strong tea, coffee and cocoa.

Dishes should be prepared without salt by boiling, steaming, stewing or baking. Salt should be added to dishes (up to 5-6 g per day). Meals should be taken 4-5 times a day in small portions, and dinner should take place 3-4 hours before bedtime.

grain products and cereals (limit rice and semolina to a minimum);
vegetables, unsweetened fruits, berries and dried fruits;
fresh juices without added sugar;
low-fat dairy products (instead of butter It is better to add sour cream or cream to dishes);
egg yolks (in the absence of contraindications, no more than 3 pieces per week);
refined vegetable oils(olive, flaxseed, corn, sunflower);
rye bread or bread made from grade II wheat flour (no more than 150 g per day);
vegetable salads and vinaigrettes with vegetable oil;
first courses with low-fat broth (no more than once a week), vegetable, milk and fruit soups;
main courses of lean fish, meat and poultry;
seafood;
low-fat soaked herring (no more than 1 time per week);
steam egg white omelette;
drinks (weak tea, rosehip infusion, compotes, jellies, fruit drinks and mousses).

Drug therapy

To treat angina, medications are used that help dilate blood vessels and improve blood supply to the myocardium. The tactics of drug therapy are determined individually depending on the clinical case.

Table 1 - Medications, used for drug therapy of angina pectoris.

Drug therapy for angina pectoris can be supplemented with treatment concomitant diseases and therapeutic physical culture. Patients are recommended to regularly monitor their blood pressure and dispensary observation at the cardiologist.

Surgery

In 70-80% of cases conservative therapy allows you to stabilize coronary circulation. If there is no effect from drug treatment, the patient may be prescribed coronary angiography to decide on the advisability of surgery.

To stabilize coronary blood flow in unstable angina, the following may be performed: surgical interventions How:

balloon angioplasty with stenting;
coronary artery bypass grafting.

Selecting a method surgical treatment angina pectoris is determined by the severity of symptoms and the degree of individual risk of developing complications from the cardiovascular system.

Cardiologist Petrova Yu.

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– clinical expression of coronary heart disease. Few people know the typical symptoms of this disease and know how to provide first aid to themselves or someone else. But a person’s life may depend on it. After all, a huge number of people die from diseases in the world.

In men, angina occurs much more often due to hormonal differences. In addition, the disease manifests itself at a younger age. If earlier cases of the disease were recorded at 45-65 years of age, now there are cases coronary disease and at thirty years old. This may indicate overload, stress, or physical strain.

The human heart is like a pump that pumps blood to provide oxygen and oxygen to the body's tissues. nutrients. Angina pectoris is a pain syndrome in the heart area. The pain is caused by the production of lactic acid. It is highlighted to signal that it is time to reduce the load. A discrepancy arises between the need of organs, in particular the heart, for oxygen and the ability to transport it through too narrow vessels.

The mechanism of development of angina pectoris is partial blockage of the coronary or coronary arteries. Through them, blood enriched with oxygen moves with great difficulty and does not reach the heart muscle in sufficient volume. The main problem is oxygen starvation. This can happen both with atherosclerosis and with spasm.

Over time, the walls of the blood vessels are no longer so elastic, and moreover, they are deposited on them. The vessels become more dense in structure and harden. This process is most facilitated by smoking and high blood pressure.

Risk factors.

Physical inactivity.
Unbalanced diet (excess fatty and salty foods in the diet).
Arterial hypertension.
Decreased hemoglobin.
Diabetes.
Bad habits (alcohol, smoking).
Metabolic syndrome.
Gender (women get sick less often than men).
Advanced age.
Race (for example, residents of Scandinavian countries are more likely to suffer from the disease than Africans).
Heredity.

To make an accurate diagnosis, you need to take into account all the factors that gave rise to the development of angina, then it will be easier to help the patient and improve his well-being. The attending physician tries to adjust treatment and prevention in the best possible way.

Angina pectoris is called “angina pectoris” because of its localization behind the sternum and in the region of the heart.

However, chest pain does not always indicate angina. Under this mask hide diseases such as neuralgia, herpes zoster, neurocirculatory dystonia, stomach ulcers, cholecystitis and many others. How to accurately determine that it is angina pectoris:

If what triggered the attack has disappeared and the symptoms have stopped.
If you relieve pain, taking nitroglycerin helps.
There is also a simple test: if you have no problems when climbing a hill or stairs, then you do not have angina, but another disease.

Signs of angina in men

The disease manifests itself as pain in the center of the chest

Characteristic types of pain:

pressing
aching
piercing
burning

Radiation of pain:

in the shoulder
forearm
jaw

Particular attention should be paid if pain:

last more than 15 minutes
occur after exercise ( physical, psycho-emotional)
with increasing pressure
treated with nitro drugs

Atypical symptoms:

weakness
fever
increased sweating
nausea and vomiting
reflux
abnormalities in rhythm or pulse

Such signs may indicate danger, especially if the attack does not go away for 15-30 minutes.

Typical symptoms:

pressure jumps
pain behind the sternum
shortness of breath bothers me
limbs go numb

Types and classification

According to the course of the disease, angina pectoris occurs:

Stable. Angina occurs during exercise, when oxygen is consumed more and more actively. Its effect is growing. This type of angina can be easily treated with medications. The tension doesn't have to be physical. It can be emotional and psychological. Stress keeps a person more tense than physical activity. And a characteristic symptom is fatigue.
Unstable. Such patients require urgent hospitalization and observation by medical personnel.

Unstable angina is divided into:

Appeared for the first time.
Progressive. Can lead to myocardial infarction.
Early post-infarction. It begins immediately after a heart attack for 72 hours to 2 weeks.
After coronary artery bypass surgery.
Spontaneous. This is an unpredictable situation. There were no signs of trouble, and suddenly some underlying problem of the cardiovascular system came to the surface.
Vasospastic or variant. It is dangerous due to the manifestation of pain during small loads and the absence of attacks during large loads.

First aid

You need to have a clear idea of what precautions to take:

Remove loads.
Always have it with you medicines. These are aspirin and nitroglycerin.
Seek medical help promptly.

What to do in case of an attack:

Take a sitting position with your feet down or lie in bed with your head elevated.
Unbutton your clothes and open the window to make breathing easier.
Place Nitroglycerin under your tongue.
If the pain does not stop after 15-20 minutes, you need to call an ambulance.
Take Nitroglycerin again if your blood pressure does not drop. The interval between taking tablets is three minutes, and in another form - at least one minute.
You should not move, eat or smoke during an angina attack.

It is very common to take nitro-containing medications incorrectly. This will make things worse instead of better. It is contraindicated to take them more than three times, otherwise more a big problem: pressure will drop.

If the symptoms have subsided, you can call your local doctor and wait for his recommendations regarding treatment.

Method of treating the disease

Effective drug treatment can only be prescribed by a doctor after examination.

It is customary to treat angina with drugs that have a vasodilating effect, as well as medications that improve blood supply to the heart muscle:

Nitro drugs are prescribed for pain syndrome.
Antiplatelet agents – used to thin the blood and prevent thrombosis.
Calcium blockers are necessary to dilate the coronary vessels of the heart.
Lipid-lowering drugs - for high cholesterol.
Cardiometabolites to improve heart rate.

The medications are designed to prevent a heart attack and prevent blockage of blood vessels from developing. Unfortunately, it is impossible to get rid of stenosis and plaques of blood vessels with the help of medications alone.

If traditional treatment does not help, they resort to cardiac surgery.

It happens that a person simply neglected his condition and applied very late. Sometimes an aneurysm occurs or a scar ruptures at the site of a heart attack. This requires urgent surgical intervention to save a life.

Types of surgical treatment:

Balloon angiostenting. A stent is a microscopic frame made of metal. It expands into in the right place vessel and supports it.
Coronary artery bypass surgery. A shunt is a vessel transplanted from another part of the body. During the operation, it is sewn in place of the affected one to restore blood circulation.

Nutrition for angina

You need to be very selective about food. It is strictly forbidden to overeat and eat low-quality food, which contains a lot of saturated fats and table salt.

On the contrary, it is better to diversify your diet with microelements and unsaturated omega fatty acids. They are found in fatty varieties of sea fish and flaxseed. Garlic has a beneficial effect on vascular system thanks to high content potassium and vitamin C.

Plant foods are simply a storehouse of vitamins and microelements, unlike animal products. In view of this, it is much healthier to include more vegetables, fruits and grains in your menu.

Exclude:

bold
roast
salty

Include in your diet:

vegetables
cereals
fruits
sea fish

You can learn more about how to provide first aid during an angina attack from the video:

Basic rules to avoid angina:

Proper nutrition. It is necessary to follow diet number 10 C. It is designed to prevent the progression of heart and vascular disease.
Control .
Prevention of micronutrient deficiency (potassium, magnesium).
Rejection of bad habits. Drinking alcohol simply decomposes blood vessels. However, when a diagnosis of angina is made, you need to immediately stop drinking alcohol. Not everyone succeeds in quitting smoking, but if your life is at stake, it is better to try to do it.
Sports activities. It makes sense for young men to devote more time to reasonable sports training, for example, swimming. Persons with a gerontological profile are recommended to walk 3–5 km daily. Moderate physical activity not only does not harm, it even helps to further strengthen the heart and blood vessels. This will then help you overcome the symptoms of angina more easily.
Reducing excess weight. Overweight attract diseases to themselves like a magnet. They provoke the formation of a disease such as diabetes.
Treatment of concomitant diseases. These are diseases of the digestive system, intercostal neuralgia, endocrinological diseases and others.
Periodic examination by a cardiologist. The patient is asked about his complaints, then the doctor conducts an examination and prescribes all kinds of examinations. This can be electrocardiography, spirography and rheoencephalography, that is, the study of brain vessels.
Secondary prevention. When a patient with angina pectoris is aware of his condition and possible attacks, he should take a Nitroglycerin tablet immediately before the upcoming exercise. This helps to minimize possible negative consequences.

Angina pectoris is a pathology that is characterized by the appearance of attacks in the form of pain in the heart area. The average duration of an attack is 20 minutes; after it ends, the pain and other symptoms disappear. Pathology often occurs in men at a relatively young age. Attacks are characterized by short-term disruptions in the blood supply to the heart muscle. It is important not to delay treatment of angina in men to avoid complications. The most common complication is acute myocardial infarction, which can occur from the age of 40, and sometimes earlier.

Men in general are less likely to get angina than women. But the risk of complications is twice as high. Prinzmetal's angina (vasospastic type) is more common in men. The disease can be determined using functional tests or invasive coronary contrast techniques.

Symptoms of angina in men

Signs of an angina attack in men may appear at a young age. This is not only due to pathological condition vessels supplying the heart with blood, but also with heavy physical activity already in adolescence. Symptoms of angina pectoris can appear even at the age of 30; it is important to detect the attack in time, provide first aid and consult a cardiologist for advice.

The most significant and informative symptom for a specialist is chest pain. It occurs suddenly in men, most often its appearance is provoked by physical activity. The pain lasts for 10-20 minutes, then it disappears without a trace. It is in men that pain can most often be provoked by emotional and stressful situations, cold air or tobacco smoke.

Angina pectoris (angina pectoris) is an acute pathology of the coronary blood supply

Painful sensations can vary in intensity, they are sometimes burning, squeezing chest. If you do not stop physical stress after the pain appears, the unpleasant symptoms will intensify, but you can weaken it by going into calm state. The pain can be localized not only in the heart; it sometimes radiates to the neck, lower jaw or shoulder blade.

In addition to pain, the following symptoms are observed during an attack of angina in men:

shortness of breath and feeling of lack of air, inability to take a full breath;
feeling of fear for one's own life;
numbness of the extremities or decreased temperature;
tachycardia and a feeling of interruptions in the work of the heart;
rise in blood pressure.

Sometimes the nature of the attack can be atypical. In men, such angina is rare. The attack is manifested by the following symptoms:

sweating;
feeling of weakness;
chills;
Gastrointestinal disorders with nausea and vomiting, heartburn.

Typically, people suffering from angina complain of pain or discomfort in the chest.

It is men with angina who develop arrhythmia more often than women. There are also “silent” attacks. This means that the painful sensations are not clearly expressed. The main clinical picture is blurred, and the patient’s complaints are based on weakness and fatigue. Silent seizures are more common in patients with diabetes mellitus in the anamnesis.

If the patient is concerned about the vasospastic form of the disease, then it most often manifests itself early in the morning in the form of painful sensations at approximately the same time.

It is important for the doctor to collect an anamnesis for angina pectoris in order to understand the form of the disease and the severity pathological process. The treatment regimen for angina pectoris is the same for men and women. The manifestations of angina pectoris do not always depend on the gender of the patient; it is influenced by provoking factors, the sensitivity of the patient, as well as the reaction of the coronary arteries.

Differences in angina symptoms between genders

In men, angina develops according to the classical clinical picture. The “typical” form of pathology is more common. This means that the attack is rarely accompanied by painful sensations in the epigastrium, the pain rarely radiates to distant areas, and its intensity is higher. The nature of the pain can be described as burning. All sensations of pain are subjective, so men describe them as strong, but without excesses, not putting much pressure on the chest. Sometimes attacks may be accompanied by shortness of breath and sweating.

Most often, attacks of pain occur as a reaction to strong emotional arousal, overeating, prolonged exposure to low temperatures or physical activity

In addition, men are less likely to report symptoms such as abdominal pain and nausea. They do not associate these manifestations with angina pectoris. Painful sensations seem stronger to men than to women. Differences in symptoms between different genders explained in terms of reaction nervous system and her sensitivity. It is women who can more colorfully describe the nature of the attack, while men will do it sparingly and choose other words. Generally pathophysiological mechanism pain development is identical. Only the age of development of pathology can differ.

At what manifestations in men should one think about another disease?

There are several clinical manifestations, which can be confused with angina pectoris and miss another important or dangerous pathology.

The fact that the attack is not angina pectoris is indicated by symptoms in men such as:

the duration of pain is longer than 20 minutes;
Nitroglycerin does not work during an attack of pain;
the appearance of pain is not associated with physical tension or emotional stress.

Such symptoms indicate that it is necessary to check the functioning of the heart, and also need to deal with painful sensations and check the spine and intercostal nerves. Symptoms may be associated with the pericardium or endocardium, their inflammation, and neuralgia. Over time, the attacks of angina pectoris themselves can develop into other diseases or into unstable forms.

Any symptoms of cardiac angina require further mandatory examination by a specialist. In men, the pathology more often leads to complications and death. Therefore, attacks cannot be ignored, and they timely treatment can delay the development of chronic heart failure. Treatment of angina pectoris consists not only of timely provision of first aid during an attack, but also in the prevention of further manifestations.

Angina pectoris is a rather dangerous and painful attack, which is one of the signs of coronary heart disease.

For this reason, angina attacks are regarded as a pre-infarction condition.

Reasons that cause an attack of angina:

smoking - nicotine increases heart rate;
sudden change in body position;
overeating - an overcrowded gastrointestinal tract can compress the lungs, which prevents the flow of oxygen to the heart;
stress causes the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine, which increase the heart rate while constricting blood vessels.

Angina can also occur with other diseases: thickened heart muscle, anemia, malfunction heart valve sometimes accompanied by similar attacks. But angina attacks are not always accompanied.

Nocturnal angina attacks are a sign of cardiac asthma (left ventricular heart failure)

How to recognize an attack

An attack of angina can often be easily confused with other ailments. Different people describe their condition in completely different ways. The main sign of angina is sudden pain in the chest.

It manifests itself in the form of burning, swelling or contraction. Sometimes the pain is aching, going into the shoulder blade or arm on the left side, radiating to the stomach, throat, back, neck.

Pain syndrome appears during any physical activity (fast step, climbing stairs), during strong emotions. Angina pectoris manifests itself especially severe pain after meal. Less commonly, an attack occurs during a period of complete rest, which is a sign of a severe form of the disease.

Similar pain sensations occur with lung ailments, osteochondrosis, diseases gastrointestinal tract, myocardial infarction, various neuroses.

In rare cases, an attack may occur while at rest. Usually before this the patient is disturbed scary dreams, which contribute to increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and changes in breathing.

Main signs of angina in men

Angina attacks in representatives of the stronger sex are directly dependent on the type and stage of the disease. The main difference from female angina is that men are affected by the disease at a young age.

Men under the age of thirty often suffer from such attacks. This is explained by increased physical activity in young people.

A characteristic feature is sudden appearance abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, heartburn and even vomiting. The attack is accompanied by profuse sweating, tingling in the fingers and numbness of the limbs, the pulse quickens.

Excessively high blood pressure during angina indicates the cause of the attack - too intense physical activity.

Signs of angina in men have manifestations that are not typical for other diseases:

sudden onset of an attack and its equally unexpected end;
pain appears only in certain circumstances;
pain is most often concentrated in the area of the heart and spreads to the shoulder blade, arm, jaw, neck;
sometimes there is practically no pain, an attack of angina pectoris manifests itself in the form of pallor skin, irregular heartbeat, high pressure, increased sweating;
the attack is accompanied by a condition similar to heartburn; a stone is felt in the chest instead of the heart.

Signs and first aid for angina pectoris in men are closely interrelated. It is necessary to call a doctor if pain in the chest does not go away for more than five minutes, intensifies, is accompanied by vomiting, severe weakness and a sudden change in breathing.

It is necessary to immediately consult a doctor if the use of Nitroglycerin does not relieve the pain syndrome, but only intensifies it - the patient’s condition sharply worsens

First aid during an angina attack is as follows:

calm the patient down and sit feet down, avoiding sudden movements;
give half a tablet of Aspirin;
Place one Nitroglycerin tablet under your tongue.

Such actions will alleviate the patient’s condition and relieve sharp pain while waiting for the ambulance to arrive.

Unnatural paleness of the skin	Pale facial skin indicates insufficient blood circulation. The causes of such disorders lie in physical or emotional stress. Adrenaline and norepinephrine released into the blood, which help the body adapt to new conditions, simultaneously provoke vasoconstriction. During an attack of angina, a powdery pallor appears. During severe attacks of angina, the heart cannot pump the required amount of blood, which leads to narrowing of blood vessels in the skin. Thus blood circulation is vital important organs remains complete. In cold weather, vasoconstriction is a natural reaction that can trigger an angina attack.
Excessive sweating	Chest pain, shortness of breath and palpitations are stressful for a person. Stress hormones produced contribute to increased secretion sweat. The soles of the feet, face, and armpits and palms.
Pain	Pain is a constant and most typical sign of angina pectoris; it serves as an indispensable condition for making the correct diagnosis. The remaining symptoms can only complement the picture. The appearance of pain is provoked by insufficient blood circulation in a specific area of the heart muscle. A huge number of pain mediators are produced here, which in a certain amount can activate the pain nerve endings of the heart. Due to the special importance pain syndrome When making a diagnosis, it is necessary to take into account: Pain occurs in the form of an attack, with the same intensity of physical activity, individual for each patient. The appearance of pain after physical activity is natural for 70% of all cases of pain syndrome. Characterized by a sudden appearance and rapid intensification, the person is forced to immediately stop the actions being performed. Type and location of pain. An attack of angina is characterized by pressing, burning or squeezing pain in the chest, most often located on the left side. Before an attack, patients feel chest discomfort that lasts up to several minutes. Generalization of the pain syndrome almost always occurs on the left side of the body. The shoulder blade, shoulder, arm, collarbone, jaw on the left are the most common places where pain is observed. The upper abdomen hurts a little less often. In extremely rare cases, the symptoms of angina are concentrated in the right side of the body. This diversity in the distribution of pain can be explained by the location of the nerve fibers that conduct pain impulses. They are in spinal cord, next to other nerves that conduct impulses from other parts of the body. The duration of an angina attack ranges from one to seven minutes. In exceptional cases, the duration of the attack can be 20 minutes. The end of pain is determined by the elimination of the cause that caused it, as well as by taking medication.
Dyspnea	The feeling of lack of air, accompanied by an increased number of breaths and their increased depth, is called shortness of breath. It occurs with angina pectoris if there is insufficient blood circulation over a large area of the heart muscle, most often in the area of the left ventricle. Myocardial contractility decreases due to insufficient oxygen; blood is not transported from the lungs to the aorta. There is stagnation of blood in the vessels of the lungs, gas exchange is disrupted. A decrease in the amount of oxygen in the arteries provokes frequent and deep breathing.
	A change in heart rate occurs due to impaired blood circulation in the heart. Can be observed or. Sometimes they alternate. Arrhythmias manifest themselves not only in the form of rapid or slow heartbeat. They are accompanied by loss of consciousness, darkening of the eyes, lack of air, weakness and dizziness.

Representatives of the stronger sex who are actively involved in sports or because of their professional activity Those experiencing heavy physical exertion need to especially carefully monitor the functioning of the heart and vascular system.

Emerging chest pain indicates angina pectoris. A negligent attitude towards one’s own health and ignoring dire symptoms can result in coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction.

Why men? Yes, because men are more susceptible to this disease than women. Women get it after menopause, in old age. But men, young and energetic, are suddenly struck down by this disease, and the outcome, unfortunately, is not always favorable.

Angina pectoris - etiology of the disease

Angina pectoris is a form of coronary heart disease. What is ischemia? This is oxygen starvation and, as a result, accumulation of breakdown products or lactic acid in tissues. It is the accumulation of lactic acid that causes pain.

Ischemic spasm is provoked by atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary vessels of the heart, either excessive physical exertion or psycho-emotional outbursts. All three of these factors are characteristic of the male lifestyle. This is why men suffer from angina more often than women. In addition, before menopause, women are protected from angina by the body’s hormonal balance. And only after 60-70 years old do they become on par with men in this regard.

What can cause an angina attack:

spasm of the arteries caused by an emotional outburst. There is an excessive release of hormones from the adrenal cortex, and the blood vessels sharply narrow. As a consequence, there is a lack of blood supply to the heart and myocardial ischemia;
obesity and sedentary lifestyle;
atherosclerosis of heart vessels;
spicy and chronic inflammation in the coronary arteries;
increased diastolic pressure or tachycardia;
arterial injuries;
valvular heart disease;
smoking, unhealthy lifestyle;
genetic predisposition.

Symptoms and what you can do about angina pectoris

This list can be continued, it is very long. Unfortunately, we are the authors not only of all our misfortunes, but also of most diseases. From this list, you can’t argue with genetics, but all other risk factors can be neutralized in the right way life.

Symptoms and manifestations of angina pectoris

Angina attacks occur spontaneously; increasing chest pain is felt, spreading beyond the sternum to the area of the shoulder blades, neck, and sometimes even the jaw. The attack may be accompanied by stomach pain, nausea and vomiting. The person becomes covered in perspiration and feels numb. upper limbs and tingling in the fingers. It happens that it increases arterial pressure. Shortness of breath appears as a consequence of arrhythmia.

An angina attack can be triggered by:

excessive physical activity;
hypothermia;
excessive emotional stress;
alcohol abuse;
stress.

Types and classification of angina

Cardiologists distinguish three main types of angina:

Primary.
Stable.
Unstable.

In turn, stable angina is divided into 4 classes:

Attacks rarely occur, usually due to heavy workload.
Chest pain is caused by overeating, fast walking or climbing stairs.
Pain occurs with ordinary household physical stress: moving even at a slow pace, any excitement, inhaling cold air.
Motor activity is severely limited, and pain occurs even at rest.

Signs of angina in women

Unstable angina is characterized by a lack of connection between physical activity and chest pain. Divided into the following groups:

primary – there is no external cause;
secondary – increased ischemia due to an external factor;
early post-infarction – the first 2 weeks after a heart attack;
spontaneous.

Diagnosis of angina pectoris

External manifestations are not enough to accurately diagnose angina. A diagnostic examination of the patient will be prescribed, which includes:

laboratory blood test - general, biochemistry, cholesterol, blood sugar;
ECG – at rest, with load, daily;
echocardiogram;
coronary angiography;
scintigraphy.

Treatment of angina

If an attack of angina occurs, first aid should be provided, and this must be done competently so as not to cause harm. First of all, you need to seat the person and provide him with access fresh air, give a Nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue if the form is stable, and 2-3 tablets with an interval of 2-3 minutes if the form is unstable. Then give an Aspirin tablet to chew.

A doctor should treat angina after diagnosis. Self-medication in in this case can lead to very serious and undesirable consequences. As a rule, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

Nitrates are antispasmodics.
Beta blockers - reduce the myocardial oxygen demand.
Thrombolytics are blood thinners.
ACE inhibitors – lower blood pressure.
Statins – improve blood cholesterol levels.

Which medications the patient should take and according to what regimen is decided only by the attending physician. The success of treatment largely depends on the patient himself. First of all, you need to urgently change your lifestyle:

switch to a low-calorie diet, lose weight;
give up bad habits - do not drink alcohol and quit smoking;
avoid excessive physical activity, but do feasible health-improving gymnastics;
exclude sauna and steam procedures.

How to relieve an angina attack at home

In some cases, this is enough to reduce angina attacks to a minimum. Although it also happens that neither drug treatment nor all preventive measures do not lead to positive results. Then surgical intervention is applied:

coronary artery bypass grafting;
stenting;
balloon plastic.

These are the symptoms of angina pectoris in men: the first signs and treatment. Unfortunately, angina pectoris has become much younger. It is not uncommon for patients to be 30-40 years old, or even younger. You should not neglect prevention methods, and then there is every chance of delaying or completely avoiding this serious heart disease.