Symptoms and treatment of ganglionitis. Ganglionitis Causes and risk factors

The disease also often occurs as a result of toxic poisoning or injury.

Types of disease

There are several types of the disease, which differ both in symptoms and treatment methods. In order to properly treat a disease, it is necessary to correctly diagnose its type.

Herpetic

Herpetic ganglionitis externally manifested by the formation of rashes in the form of small blisters on the skin.

Such painful rashes appear directly on areas of the skin along the corresponding nerve nodes.

This type of disease is also characterized by pain in the area of ​​the spinous processes of the vertebrae when pressure is applied (the spinous processes are the same “bones” on the back).

Due to damage to the sympathetic nodes in in this case the functioning of some internal organs is disrupted, and externally the lesions are distinguished by a change in skin color, and sometimes the formation of ulcers can be observed in these areas.

The danger also lies in the fact that the patient’s reflexes worsen, joints lose their mobility, and if the disease affects the upper cervical sympathetic node, all symptoms and pathologies are transmitted to the face and neck.

Ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion

Distributed in the upper extremities and upper section chest.

This type of disease is accompanied by false angina syndrome (chest pain).

Damage to the Gasserian node

Unlike other common types of pathology, ganglionitis of the Gasserian node is much more complex and in most cases occurs as a result of immunosuppression, which occurs with age.

Rashes and pain appear in the zone of innervation of the first branch trigeminal nerve, in this case, the patient may exhibit photophobia and often there is a risk of inflammation of the cornea of ​​the eye (keratitis).

Inflammation of the pterygopalatine ganglion

The cause of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is inflammation of the main and maxillary sinuses.

The main symptoms of ganglionitis in this case are acute pain in the eye area and pain directly in the eyeballs.

Also, pain almost always appears in upper jaw and the root of the nose, sometimes the pain can spread to the lower jaw.

In advanced cases, the pain spreads further, up to the neck and arms.

Ramsey-Hunt neuralgia

This disease is characterized by herpetic rashes in the ear area, while noticeable pain appears in the ear canal of the affected side; in rare cases, this form of the disease is accompanied by dizziness.

Causes and risk factors

Doctors identify several main causes of the disease:

• acute infectious diseases (including - different kinds typhus, pleurisy, dysentery and others);
• metabolic disorders (for example, liver disease or diabetes);
• intoxication;
• tumors and neoplasms.

In some cases, the disease may be a consequence inflammatory diseases genital organs in women, and representatives of both sexes suffering from spinal osteochondrosis are also at risk.

Diagnosis and symptoms

It is possible to make an accurate diagnosis only on the basis of clinical data, while diagnosis in some cases can be very difficult.

As for the symptoms of ganglionitis, they depend solely on its cause and type.

However, each species is characterized by such general characteristics as:

• burning pain, which can be paroxysmal;
• severe itching in the area affected by ganglionitis;
• in some cases, paresthesia (tingling or numbness of the skin in the affected area) may develop;
• in most cases, the functions of thermoregulation and sweating are impaired;
• swelling of the subcutaneous tissue is observed;
• loss of muscle tone, decreased reflexes and reduced joint mobility.

What is the essence of treating the disease?

Treatment of ganglionitis directly depends on the cause of its occurrence, however, in most cases, desensitizing agents are prescribed to prevent or weaken allergic reactions, as well as antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs.

In addition, the patient can be prescribed complex therapy with drugs that reduce the excitability of vegetative formations. These are B vitamins and ganglion blockers.

In case of very strong pain drugs such as catadolone or finlepsin may be prescribed: this is usually quite long course treatment, in parallel with which the patient must also use antidepressants prescribed by the doctor.

At the same time, the affected node can be blocked.

Additional Methods

There are other methods of treating ganglionitis:

• hydrogen sulfide baths;
• healing mud;
• ultrasound and physiotherapy.

Possible complications

In some cases, the disorder itself can be a complication.

For example, in women this disease is often caused by advanced inflammatory processes in the reproductive system.

But ganglionitis can also have serious consequences.

In this case, the most unpleasant symptom is casual pain. Such painful sensations are pronounced, and they intensify many times when touched, but may temporarily recede when the affected limbs are immersed in water or wrapped in a wet rag.

Sometimes such pain persists for a long period, up to several years.

Very rarely, peripheral muscle paresis may be observed in the affected area when their motor functions deteriorate.

Complications after the disease also include zoster myelitis and encephalitis.

Serous meningitis in children can become a serious problem if its symptoms are not identified in time and treatment is not started.

How to prevent the development of the disease?

Prevention of a disease such as ganglionitis is carried out only taking into account primary factors developing disease, and for healthy person who is not at risk, such prevention is useless.

When the first signs of the disease appear, preventive procedures are prescribed by the attending physician.

For those who have already experienced the disease, physioprophylaxis (prevention of neurological diseases by artificial and natural physical influences) is prescribed as a measure to prevent relapse.

Depending on the origin of the disease, the patient may be prescribed both primary and secondary physical prevention.

In the first case, the goal of prevention is to increase efficiency defense mechanisms body. This includes hardening and ultraviolet irradiation.

Secondary physical prevention is the use of UHF and microwave therapy, aerosol therapy, aeroion therapy, as well as thermotherapy procedures, including treatment with clay, sand and healing mud.

Ganglionitis symptoms and treatment

Ganglionitis is a disease associated with damage to the borderline sympathetic trunk. The disease comes in different types. Involvement of multiple nodes is defined as polyglionitis, trucite or trunculitis. Signs of the disease also depend on the location of the lesion.

Symptoms of ganglionitis development

Clinical signs of the disease:

muscle atrophy, combined with mild muscle rigidity and paresis;

pain that is causal in nature;

pronounced disorders of pilomotor, vasomotor, secretory and trophic innervation.

Clinical symptoms of ganglionitis depend on the location of the lesion, which allows us to divide the forms of the disease into:

• cervical,
• upper and lower thoracic,
• lumbar,
• sacral.

Most characteristic feature is the topography of these disorders, localized in the zone innervated by one or another node of the border chain. When the pathological process is localized in the superior cervical ganglion, changes are found in the head and neck area. With infectious ganglionitis, sharp hyperemia, edema, and infiltration of the tissues of the node are typical.

In the diagnosis of ganglionitis, loss of functions is manifested by Bernard-Horner syndrome. When the node is irritated, dilation of the pupil, retraction of the upper eyelid, and exophthalmos are noted. Changes in skin color and temperature, sweating, and trophic changes in facial tissues are also observed. When the stellate ganglion is affected, the disorders are localized in the arm and upper chest. When the pathological process is localized in the upper thoracic nodes, in addition to the skin symptoms of the disease, vegetative-visceral disorders are also observed - difficulty breathing, tachycardia, pain in the heart area.

It was noted that right-sided ganglionitis and truncitis cause less pronounced vegetative changes than left-sided ones, in which cardiovascular disorders are more often detected.

Lower thoracic ganglionitis, like lumbar ganglionitis, is manifested by damage to the innervation of the lower torso, legs and viscera autonomic disorders abdominal organs.

In the clinical picture of the disease one can distinguish

• painful,
• neuropathic
• and vegetative-dystrophic syndromes.

Features of treatment of ganglionitis

Treatment includes:

• antibacterial and antiviral therapy (Interferon),
• desensitizing drugs (Diazolin, Tavegil, Ketotifen),
• analgesics (Analgin, Butadione, Indomethacin, Diclofenac),
• ganglion blockers (Pentalgin, Gangleron),
• vasodilators (Papaverine, Thionicol, Nikoshpan),
• antihypoxants (Aevit, sodium oxybutyrate),
• improving tissue metabolism and reparative and regenerative processes (Pentoxil, Petiluracil),
• immunomodulators (Dibazol, Dekaris).

Physiotherapy for ganglionitis

Physical treatment methods are aimed at:

cupping pain syndrome(analgesic, anesthetic methods),

intoxication (antimicrobial and antiviral methods),

inflammation (anti-exudative methods),

allergies (anti-allergic methods),

normalization of peripheral functions nervous system(methods that irritate free nerve endings),

and dystrophy (trophostimulating methods),

correction of immune dysfunction (immunostimulating methods of treating ganglionitis).

Classification of physiotherapeutic methods of treating ganglionitis

Analgesic methods:

• transcranial electroanalgesia,
• diadynamic therapy,
• ampliulsetherapy,
• drug electrophoresis of ganglion blockers,
• SUV irradiation in erythemal doses.

Anesthetic methods of treating ganglionitis:

• medicinal electrophoresis of anesthetics,
• fluctuarization.

Anti-inflammatory methods:

• low-intensity UHF therapy,
• drug electrophoresis of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Bactericidal, antiviral methods of treating ganglionitis:

• FUV irradiation,
• local aeroionotherapy,
• local aerosol therapy of interferon.

Antiallergic methods:

• local aerosol therapy antihistamines,
• low-frequency magnetic therapy on the adrenal gland area,
• nitrogen baths.

Methods that irritate peripheral nerve endings:

• local darsonvalization,
• turpentine, mustard baths.

Trophostimulating methods:

• therapeutic segmental reflex massage,
• amplipulse therapy with PPP current,
• diadynamic therapy,
• interference therapy,
• segmental vibration vacuum therapy.

Immunostimulating methods:

• heliotherapy,
• thalassotherapy,
• aerotherapy,
• sodium chloride baths,
• hydrogen sulfide baths,
• peloidotherapy,
• radon baths.

Analgesic methods of treating ganglionitis

Drug electrophoresis. Ganglioblockers are used at the anode: 0.25% ganglerone solution, 0.25-0.5% pentamine solution. Phoretinated drugs block impulses from the pain focus at the level of the paravertebral ganglia (from the metameric-segmental zones of pain). Apply a current density of 0.05-0.1 mA/cm2, for 20 minutes, daily; course in the treatment of ganglionitis procedures.

SUV irradiation. Irradiation is used at an erythemal dose. Under the influence of SUV irradiation, erythema and perineural edema with compression of nerve conductors are formed. The parabiosis of preterminal areas of cutaneous afferents that occurs in the area of ​​irradiation spreads throughout the entire fiber and blocks impulses from the pain focus. SUV irradiation of painful areas is carried out over fields with a total area of ​​up to 400 cm2, 2 biodoses with an increase of 1 biodose, after 2 days on the third; course 3-4 procedures; repeat course in the treatment of ganglionitis every month.

Bactericidal, antiviral methods of physiotherapy for ganglionitis

FUV irradiation. Due to the excessive absorption of energy of AF radiation quanta by DNA and RNA molecules, denaturation and photolysis of nucleic acids and proteins occur. The lethal mutations that occur with the ionization of atoms and molecules lead to inactivation and destruction of the structure of microorganisms and fungi.

Irradiation in the treatment of ganglionitis is carried out at wavelengths from 1 biodose + 1 biodose to 3 biodoses, daily; course of 3-5 procedures.

Local aeroionotherapy. Under the influence of constant electric current high voltage (up to 20 kV), weak conduction currents arise, which reduce the excitability and conductivity of the conductor. At the same time, the flow of afferent impulses from the pain site decreases, local blood flow and activation of trophic and reparative processes increase. Negatively charged ions change the bioelectric activity of the plasmalemma of microorganisms, changing their viability towards inhibition - a bacteriostatic effect. The procedures are carried out under tension electromagnetic field 20 kV, procedure time 15 min, daily; course 10 procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 1 month.

Local aerosol therapy. Interferon A is used. The biological activity of interferon is manifested through its binding to specific membrane cell receptors. Interferon has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Affect the area of ​​rashes and erosions by spraying an interferon solution for minutes, daily; The course for the treatment of ganglionitis is 6-10 procedures. The effect is enhanced when combined with local aeroionotherapy.

Antiallergic methods of treating ganglionitis

Nitrogen baths. Nitrogen enhances the hormone-monosynthetic function of the anterior pituitary gland and adrenal glands (glucocorticoid), inhibits the production of histamine and reduces the function of enzymes. Nitrogen baths in the treatment of ganglionitis are carried out at a nitrogen concentration of 20 mg/l, water temperature 36 °C, procedure time min, daily; kurswann; repeat course after 2-3 months.

Trophostimulating methods of ganglionitis therapy

Interference therapy. Interference currents block impulses from the pain focus, activate opioid peptides in the antinociceptive system of the brain stem, increase blood circulation, microcirculation, lymphatic drainage, eliminate tissue hypoxia and increase the intensity of tissue respiration and metabolism in tissue regeneration of conductors. The spinal area is affected paravertebrally, frequency Hz (gradual decrease in frequency through the procedure), the current strength is increased until a pronounced vibration is felt, for 10 minutes, daily; course 10 procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 2-4 weeks.

Diadynamic therapy. OB- and DV-currents rhythmically excite nerve fibers B-type and activate the trophic influences of the sympathetic nervous system, regional hemodynamics and lymphatic drainage, tissue metabolism. Diadynamic therapy is applied to segmental or paravertebral zones (or along the affected muscles): DN currents - 30 s/min, then OV (DV) min, current strength - until pronounced painless vibration, daily; courseprocedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 2-4 weeks.

Amplipulse therapy. Has the same effect as diadynamic therapy. Amplipulse therapy is carried out on segmental zones, paravertebral, using low-frequency current (IPP) - 1 min, PPPmin, from 50 to 10 Hz, GM - 75%; course 10 procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 2-4 months.

Segmental vibration vacuum therapy at a vacuum in the vacuum applicator of up to Pa, with a frequency range of vibration of the vibrator nozzle Hz leads to mechanical stimulation of nerve and muscle fibers, including autonomic ones, activates trophism, enhances regional hemodynamics, lymphatic drainage and catabolic processes. Vacuum therapy in the treatment of ganglionitis is prescribed to the spinal region, paravertebral, vacuum in the vacuum applicator 40 kPa, vibration frequency from 50 to 10 Hz, time min, daily; course 10 procedures; again after 1-2 months.

Contraindications to physiotherapy in the treatment of ganglionitis are:

acute infectious and somatic diseases,

Ganglionitis: symptoms and treatment

Ganglionitis - main symptoms:

• Noise in ears
• Weakness
• Skin rashes
• Fever
• Sweating
• Swelling of the face
• Amyotrophy
• Increased salivation
• Malaise
• Photophobia
• Pain syndrome
• Tearing
• Redness of the skin at the site of the lesion
• Limitation of joint mobility
• Swelling in the affected area
• Mucous discharge from the nose
• Swelling of the eyelids
• Itching of the skin at the site of the lesion
• Increased skin sensitivity
• Feeling broken

Ganglionitis is the development of an inflammatory process in one ganglion, which is a collection of nerve nodes. Simultaneous damage to several similar segments is called polyganglionitis. Often the provoking factor is the flow into human body any infection. Several times less often, the provocateurs are injuries, metabolic disorders, tumors and drug overdose.

The clinical picture will differ depending on the location of the pathological process, however, with any variant of the disease, pain, itching and swelling of the affected area of ​​the skin, as well as profuse sweating are encountered.

The correct diagnosis can be made thanks to the specific clinical picture, as well as information obtained during the physical examination and instrumental examinations patient. You cannot compare symptoms and treatment on your own.

Treatment of such a disease often comes down to the use of conservative techniques, for example, taking medicines and undergoing physiotherapeutic procedures. The question of surgery is decided individually with each patient.

IN international classification diseases, such pathology does not have a separate meaning, but belongs to the category of “neuralgia”, which is why some of the varieties of the disease have an ICD-10 code - B00-B44.

Etiology

Inflammatory lesions of the ganglia do not develop spontaneously or for no apparent reason. In the vast majority of cases, the following infections are the triggering factors:

Also, the causes of ganglionitis can be presented:

• wide range of injuries;
• severe intoxications of the body that are toxic, narcotic, alcoholic or medicinal in nature;
• long-term use of corticosteroids;
• benign or malignant neoplasms regardless of etiology and location;
• inflammation of the tissues of the reproductive system organs in females;
• the course of osteochondrosis, hepatitis and radiculitis;
• chronic rhinitis or sinusitis, pharyngitis or otitis, as well as tonsillitis;
• metabolic disorders, for example, diabetes.

Extremely rare provocateurs of this disease are:

• weather conditions;
• climatic factors;
• CNS injuries;
• mental disorders.

Classification

The main division of the disease implies the existence of several variants of the course of ganglionitis, differing in the location of the source of inflammation. Thus, the disease affects:

• pterygopalatine node;
• ciliary node - the second name is Oppenheim syndrome;
• geniculate ganglionitis, also called Ramsay Hunt syndrome (geniculate ganglionitis);
• ear node or Frey's syndrome;
• submandibular node;
• sublingual node;
• trigeminal or Gasserian node (Gasserian ganglionitis);
• upper cervical node;
• star knot.

Based on the etiological factor, they distinguish:

• herpetic ganglionitis;
• intoxication;
• traumatic;
• infectious;
• tumor.

Symptoms

The presence and severity of symptoms will be dictated by the location of the inflammatory process. However, the following clinical manifestations are considered common to all forms of the disease:

• pronounced paroxysmal pain;
• severe itching of the skin located above the affected node;
• swelling and redness of the skin area;
• increased sensitivity to external stimuli;
• profuse sweating;
• local and general increase in temperature indicators;
• malaise, weakness and weakness;
• muscle atrophy and limited joint mobility.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is expressed in:

• spread of pain in the eye sockets, jaw, nasal cavity and whiskey auricle and the back of the head, forearm and hand;
• swelling of the face;
• increased salivation and lacrimation;
• discharge of mucus from the nostril corresponding to the side of the lesion.

An attack of severe symptoms can last from 10 minutes to several days. Patients also complain of increased intensity of symptoms at night.

Ganglionitis of the ear node is represented by the following symptoms:

• paroxysmal pain spreading to the temples and back of the head, neck and chest, forearm and upper limb;
• noise and ringing in the sore ear;
• profuse salivation.

Inflammatory damage to the ciliary node is characterized by:

• “falling out” of the eyes from their sockets;
• irradiation of pain to the frontal part, root of the nose and temporal region;
• increased sensitivity to bright light;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• exophthalmos.

Symptoms of the Gasserian node form of the disease may include:

• photophobia and keratitis;
• increase in body temperature;
• paresthesia;
• muscle weakness;
• body aches;
• the appearance of vesicle-type rashes;
• swelling of the eyes.

When the stellate ganglion becomes inflamed, the following is observed:

• heart rate disturbance;
• heart pain;
• numbness upper limb.

The submandibular and sublingual appearance has the following features:

• localization of pain in the tongue spreading to the lower jaw, back of the head, neck and temples;
• inability to move the jaw;
• discomfort while eating;
• increased saliva secretion;
• coating of the tongue with a white coating;
• swelling of soft tissues.

With cervical ganglionitis, patients complain of:

• pale skin;
• nasal congestion;
• tissue hypertrophy;
• an increase in the number of fine wrinkles;
• redness of the eyeball and part of the face on the affected side;
• aching pain in the neck, back of the head and shoulder girdle.

Clinical manifestations of geniculate ganglion pathology may include:

• general malaise;
• herpetic rashes around the ear;
• attacks of severe dizziness;
• decreased hearing acuity;
• paresis of the facial or trigeminal nerve;
• formation of herpetic papules on the tonsils and soft palate;
• horizontal nystagmus;
• paresis of facial muscles.

It is also worth noting that the muscles located near the affected node begin to atrophy and lose their mobility.

Diagnostics

A neurologist can make a diagnosis of ganglionitis due to the pronounced and specific clinical picture of such a disease. This means that the diagnostic process is based on the following manipulations:

• familiarization with the medical history - this will indicate an etiological factor that has a pathological basis;
• collection and study of life history - indicates the influence of the most rare causes inflammation of the ganglia;
• thorough examination and palpation of the affected area;
• assessment of the condition of the skin and mucous membranes;
• measurement of heart rate and temperature;
• detailed survey of the patient - to determine the severity of clinical manifestations.

Additional diagnostic measures include:

Treatment

This disease can be cured using conservative methods therapies that are based on taking the following medications:

• analgesics and antispasmodics;
• ganglion blockers and antiviral substances;
• antibiotics and sulfonamides;
• desensitizers and immunomodulators;
• neuroleptics and antidepressants;
• nootropic drugs and vitamins;
• anticholinergics and biogenic stimulants.

Drug treatment also includes the injection of glucocorticosteroids into the projection of the diseased node, as well as the implementation of novocaine blockades.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are no less effective, including:

• diadynamic therapy;
• medicinal electrophoresis;
• fluctuarization;
• darsonvalization;
• nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, radon and turpentine baths;
• amplipulse therapy;
• vibration vacuum therapy;
• thalassotherapy;
• interference therapy.

In cases of ineffectiveness of conservative methods, surgical intervention aimed at excision of the diseased node is resorted to.

Prevention and prognosis

The following preventive measures can reduce the likelihood of illness:

• healthy and active lifestyle;
• proper and nutritious nutrition;
• avoiding any injuries;
• regular full examination at a medical institution - for early detection ailments that can lead to the development of such an inflammatory process.

As for the prognosis, the disease does not pose a threat to the lives of patients, but it is worth considering that each basic disease can lead to the formation of its own complications, which significantly worsens the outcome of inflammatory lesions of the ganglia.

If you think that you have ganglionitis and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then doctors can help you: a neurologist, a therapist.

We also suggest using our online disease diagnostic service, which selects probable diseases based on the entered symptoms.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is an inflammatory lesion of the pterygopalatine nerve ganglion, predominantly infectious etiology. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is manifested by painful attacks in the affected half of the face, which are accompanied by vegetative symptoms (lacrimation, redness of the skin, swelling, salivation). Diagnosis of the disease is based on its clinical picture and the exclusion of other causes of facial pain. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is treated with the complex use of analgesics, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, ganglion-blocking and antiallergic drugs; lubricating the nasal cavity with a solution of dicaine; physiotherapeutic agents (UHF, electrophoresis, DDT, mud therapy).

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

The pterygopalatine node is located in the pterygopalatine fossa, located in the infratemporal region. It is formed by 3 roots: sensitive - formed by branches from maxillary nerve(II branch of the trigeminal nerve), sympathetic - represented by a branch of the internal carotid plexus and parasympathetic - greater petrosal nerve, which is a branch facial nerve. Branches emanating from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate the orbit, lacrimal gland and sphenoid sinus(orbital branches); nasal mucosa and ethmoid sinus (nasal branches); soft and hard palate, maxillary sinus (palatine branches).

In neurology, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is also called Slader syndrome after the author who described it in 1908. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is a fairly common type of lesion of the autonomic ganglia. When involved in inflammatory process not only the pterygopalatine node, but also the nerve roots included in its composition, the disease is regarded as ganglioneuritis.

Causes of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node most often develops as a result of the penetration of infectious agents into the node, causing the development of an inflammatory process in it. The source of infection is often local inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx: sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis; less often - arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can occur as a result of toxic effects on the nerve ganglion when chronic tonsillitis, chronic purulent otitis. Factors contributing to the occurrence of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion are lack of sleep, overwork, stressful situations, alcohol intake, and loud noise.

In some cases, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion acts as a neurodental complication of dental caries, accompanied by the development of pulpitis and periodontitis. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can be observed against the background of general infectious diseases: ARVI, herpetic infection, tuberculosis, rheumatism. The occurrence of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is possible as a result of trauma with damage to the structures of the pterygopalatine fossa.

Symptoms of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

The basis of the clinical picture of pterygopalatine ganglionitis is a spontaneously occurring attack of intense facial pain. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node never manifests itself as pain limited to the area where the node is located. Multiple anastomoses of the pterygopalatine ganglion of its roots and branches cause varied localization of pain and its widespread nature. The dominant pain is in areas that are innervated directly by branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion: in eyeball, upper jaw, at the base of the nose, in the hard palate. Sometimes the pain spreads to the gums and/or teeth lower jaw. Often ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is accompanied by irradiation of pain to the occipital region, neck, auricle, temple, less often to the shoulder, forearm, and sometimes even to the hand. Anastomoses of the pterygopalatine node with the nodes of the sympathetic trunk in some cases lead to the spread of pain to the entire half of the body.

An attack of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is accompanied by severe autonomic disorders, which are manifested by swelling and redness of the affected half of the face, lacrimation, secretion large quantity saliva and copious discharge liquid secretion from the corresponding half of the nose. Due to its pronounced vegetative symptoms, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion was called “vegetative storm”.

An attack of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can have varying durations from minutes to several hours and even days. Most often, such attacks occur at night. In the post-attack period, with ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion, mild vegetative symptoms may persist. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion has a chronic paroxysmal course and can last for years. Exacerbations in spring and autumn are typical for it. They can be triggered by a history of acute respiratory viral infection, hypothermia, stressful situation, decreased immunity or weather changes.

Diagnosis of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

The diagnosis of “Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion” can be made using a clear clinical picture of the disease. To confirm the diagnosis, lubrication is performed posterior areas nasal cavity with a 0.1% solution of dicaine and adrenaline. If this procedure allows you to stop a painful attack, then ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is confirmed.

It is necessary to differentiate ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion from other diseases accompanied by facial pain (prosopalgia): trigeminal neuralgia, inflammatory diseases of the ear (otitis externa, acute otitis media, mastoiditis), dental pathology (acute toothache, pulpitis, periodontitis). During the diagnostic process, it is necessary to identify or exclude the presence of an inflammatory focus, which can serve as a source of infection of the pterygopalatine node and support the inflammatory process in it. For this purpose, consultations with a neurologist, dentist, otolaryngologist, otoscopy and pharyngoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses and dental radiography can be carried out.

Treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

In the complex treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion, measures to relieve pain come first. They include introducing turundum with novocaine into the nasal cavity and lubricating the nasal cavity with dicaine. Severe pain is an indication for the prescription of ganglion blockers (azamethonium bromide, benzohexonium), especially severe cases The pterygopalatine node is blocked with anesthetics (lidocaine, novocaine, etc.).

Treatment of pterygopalatine ganglionitis of infectious-inflammatory etiology is combined with the use of anti-infective (antibiotics) and anti-inflammatory drugs. Effective way Therapy for ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is the introduction of a hydrocortisone solution into the area of ​​the pterygopalatine ganglion. Antiallergic drugs (chloropyramine, loratadine, desloratadine) must be prescribed. The use of general strengthening agents and B vitamins is indicated.

According to indications, complex therapy may include antispasmodics, neuroleptics, antidepressants, anticholinergics, etc. Elderly patients are recommended to take vascular and anti-sclerotic medications that improve cerebral and cardiac circulation. Of the physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, the most effective for ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion are UHF, DDT, endonasal electrophoresis of novocaine, mud therapy, massage of the muscles of the face and neck.

It should be noted that complex treatment Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion in most cases allows to reduce the severity of clinical manifestations of the disease. However, not in all cases it is able to save patients from relapses of the disease.

Ganglionitis

Ganglionitis is a disease resulting from infection (influenza, rheumatism, malaria, tonsillitis, herpes zoster, etc.) of one sympathetic nerve node or several nodes having segmental roots and peripheral nerves. Ganglionitis can also occur due to tumors, injuries and toxins.

Types and symptoms

In most cases, it is characterized by burning paroxysmal pain with itching in the area of ​​the affected ganglion and paresthesia (numbness, tingling). Let's list the most common types.

Herpetic. It is accompanied by the formation of rashes in the form of blisters on the skin along the corresponding nerve trunk, which are painful. You will also feel pain in the area of ​​the spinous processes of the vertebrae if you feel them with your fingers. The functioning of internal organs is disrupted due to the fact that the nodes that ensure their functioning are affected. In the area of ​​the affected ganglion, the color of the skin changes, in rare cases, ulceration of the skin occurs, the functions of thermoregulation and regional sweating are affected, and the subcutaneous tissue swells. Regional muscles gradually weaken and lose tone, their atrophy occurs, and contractures occur. Reflexes become worse and joint mobility decreases. In the case of a disease of the upper cervical sympathetic node, such pathologies occur in the head, neck and face.

Star node. There is pain in the upper chest and arm, as well as false angina syndrome.

Gasserian knot. This disease manifests itself as a result of age-related suppression of the immune system. This disease is much more difficult to resolve, unlike herpes that occurs in other places. Pain and rashes in most cases appear in the area of ​​innervation of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve; they also occur in the second and third branches. There is a risk of keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), accompanied by rashes in the form of small dots, fear of light and darkening of the surface layers.

Pterygopalatine node. Occurs with inflammation of the main and maxillary sinuses, the ethmoidal labyrinth, because it is very close to the lower and upper jaw. The disease is characterized by acute pain in the eyes and around the orbit, in the area of ​​the upper jaw and root of the nose, less often in the teeth and gums of the lower jaw. The pain can spread further, starting from the temple area and even ending with the hands.

Elbow node. Known as Ramsay-Hunt neuralgia, it is accompanied by herpetic rashes of the ear, pain in the ear canal and facial weakness on the affected side. Dizziness also sometimes occurs. Lesions of the lumbar and lower thoracic nodes are accompanied by dysfunction of organs in the abdominal cavity and small pelvis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of this disease is made only on the basis of clinical data. Differential diagnosis carried out with neuritis of somatic nerves, syringomyelia, meningoradiculitis, as well as neurovascular syndromes. In the case of lower thoracic and lumbar ganglionitis, diseases are excluded abdominal organs, and with upper thoracic and cervical ganglionitis – heart disease.

Video material from the site's author

Treatment

Treatment of ganglionitis depends on its etiology. Typically, in the case of inflammatory processes, doctors prescribe desensitizing agents, antiviral and immunomodulatory agents to the patient.

Complex therapy consists of drugs that can reduce the excitability of vegetative formations. These include B vitamins, ganglion blockers (the most effective are ganglerone and pachycarpine). Neuropathic pain is treated special drugs- anticonvulsants and antidepressants. Treatment with drugs is usually long-term; if necessary, it is supplemented with metabolic and vascular agents.

Novocaine blockade of the affected node is also carried out. Sometimes physiotherapy, which includes ultrasound therapy, Bernard currents, salt, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths, therapeutic mud, etc., is also effective for ganglionitis.

Symptoms of ganglioneuritis and causes of its occurrence

In the human body there are many nerve nodes called ganglia. They represent a concentration of neurons ( nerve cells) and their processes with an outer layer of connective tissue. Inflammation of the ganglion in the sympathetic department is called ganglionitis and this pathology manifests itself with various symptoms (pain, itching, etc.), which depend on the cause of the appearance.

Often this pathological process is combined with damage to distant (peripheral) nerve tissues, and in this case the disease is called ganglioneuritis. If the damaged node is localized on the sympathetic trunk and at the same time the spinal cord root is injured, then in medicine this phenomenon is called ganglioradiculitis. Multiple lesions of the nerve plexuses (polyganglionitis) are rare and require urgent treatment. The course of therapy should be aimed at eliminating the cause and relieving symptoms.

Causes

Ganglionitis develops due to many reasons. They are mainly infectious in nature, namely:

Most developmental factors are various types of viruses, and the most common culprit is herpes. However, it does not always become the main cause, for example, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion develops due to chronic infections by type of sinusitis, otitis, etc.

Symptoms

There are quite a few various forms diseases. They are divided according to the reasons for their occurrence, and you can distinguish one type from another by knowing their symptoms:

• Herpetic ganglionitis. The main sign of the development of this form is the appearance of painful blisters and pain when palpating the spinous processes of the spine. More often, the patient's thermoregulation is disrupted, reflexes and joint mobility decrease, subcutaneous tissue swells and nearby tissues weaken. muscle tissue. In rare cases, ulcers develop on the skin directly over the ganglion;
• Ganglionitis of the gasserian ganglion. This type of disease is characterized by a rash in the area of ​​the facial nerve, inflammation of the cornea, fear of light and darkening of the skin localized over the site of injury. The rashes are usually almost invisible and appear in the form of small dots;
• Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion. This pathology manifests itself in the form of attacks severe pain, localized mainly in the head area (face, oral cavity, back of the head, etc.). Sometimes a disease of the pterygopalatine ganglion causes discomfort in the arm. The connection of this plexus with sympathetic division only aggravates the situation and the pain can spread to half the body. Attacks of this form of the disease are usually accompanied by disorders in the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion affects the appearance of other symptoms, such as tearing and excessive secretion of saliva and mucus from the nose. In rare cases, half of the patient’s face turns red during an attack, and mild residual discomfort remains after the attack. Most often, such seizures are observed in the late afternoon, and their highest frequency is in the fall and spring. The pathology of the pterygopalatine node can be triggered by the slightest cold, and in some cases patients suffer from this disease for years;
• Ganglionitis of the geniculate ganglion. This type of pathology usually manifests itself as a rash localized in the area of ​​the auricle. In appearance, it is similar to bubbles that cause pain upon palpation. Patients experience pain in the affected area and often experience dizziness;

• Ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion. This form of the disease is manifested by pain in the chest from the damaged ganglion, so it resembles an attack of angina. Sometimes the pain radiates from the hand and the motor skills of the fingers are impaired;
• Upper cervical node. This type of lesion is characterized by excessive production of hormones thyroid gland. In people suffering from this form of the disease, the face turns red, sweating increases, metabolism accelerates, intraocular pressure decreases and the palpebral fissure widens. There is a possibility of developing paresis (weakening) of the muscle tissue of the larynx, which causes a noticeable hoarseness in the voice. Painful sensations can sometimes radiate into the oral cavity, so many patients treat their teeth in the hope of getting rid of the problem;
• Lower cervical node. People suffering from this type of illness experience decreased tone and reflexes in the upper limb. There have been situations when patients have slight drooping of the auricle on the side of the damaged ganglion;
• Ganglioneuritis of the upper thoracic sympathetic nodes. It is characterized by the development of autonomic disorders and impaired sensitivity in the affected area. This process is accompanied by pain localized in the heart area, breathing problems and rapid heartbeat;
• Ganglioneuritis of nodes located in the lower part thoracic and in the lower back. People with this type of disease suffer mainly from pain and trophic changes in the lower half of the body. They experience sensory and vascular disorders in the innervated parts of the body, as well as malfunctions of the abdominal organs;
• Sacral ganglioneuritis. Due to this form of the disease, patients have problems with urination and genital function. In women, due to the development of the sacral appearance, the menstrual cycle is often disrupted.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the pathology, it is necessary to differentiate ganglionitis from other similar diseases (syringomyelia, meningoradiculitis, etc.). This can be done, but for this you should consult with other specialists, for example, an ENT specialist, a dentist and a neurologist. After examination, they prescribe pharyngoscopy, fluoroscopy, otoscopy and other instrumental examination methods to see the cause of the pathology.

Course of therapy

The treatment regimen is drawn up depending on the factor that influenced the development of the disease. It often includes the following:

• Antiallergic drugs;
• Immunomodulators;
• Antiviral medications;
• Vitamin complexes, especially group B;
• Ganglioblockers of the Pachycarpin type;
• Antidepressants.

Among additional methods The following therapies can be distinguished:

• Blockade of the ganglion node by injecting novocaine into damaged nerve tissue;
• Ultrasound;
• Sulfuric acid and radon baths;
• Healing mud;
• Current Bernard.

Complications

Any pathologies associated with the nervous system leave a mark. The main complication of ganglionitis is postherpetic neuralgia. It is characterized by a strong burning sensation in the area of ​​damage. It intensifies with palpation and any other contact, for example, with water, a towel, etc. There have been cases when such a complication tormented patients for 2-3 years after the course of therapy.

Sometimes there remains a slight weakening of muscle tissue in the place where the pathology was localized. The consequences can last a lifetime. In the absence of treatment, patients developed zoster myelitis and encephalitis.

Prevention

Preventative measures serve to prevent relapses and speed up recovery period. The methods are extremely effective if combined with a healthy lifestyle. A person should get enough sleep and refuse bad habits, exercise and plan your diet correctly.

There are 2 types of prevention:

• Primary. It includes methods and procedures aimed at improving immune system to prevent the development of pathology. The best effect is shown by ultraviolet irradiation and hardening of the body. The first method is prescribed by the attending physician, and before using the second method, consultation with a specialist is required;
• Secondary. It consists of physiotherapeutic procedures (UHF, microwave, mud baths, etc.) and traditional methods of treatment, which are designed to prevent relapses. The duration of the course is determined by the attending physician.

Ganglionitis manifests itself unpleasantly and people suffer from it for a long period of time. If left untreated, this disease can leave behind consequences that depend on its severity and cause. This fate can be avoided by completing a timely course of therapy and following the rules of prevention.

Symptoms and treatment of ganglionitis

Ganglionitis is a disease based on inflammation of the ganglion. A ganglion is a nerve ganglion that consists of several components - nerve cells, their bodies, axons and dendrites. Its shell consists of connective tissue. If several such nodes become inflamed at once, then this condition is called polyganglionitis.

Causes

Inflammation of one or more ganglia cannot appear just like that. This is usually caused by other diseases, the most common of which are:

But most often the cause of this disease is viruses, so according to statistics, it develops against the background of a herpetic infection. If ganglionitis occurs in the area of ​​the pterygopalatine node, then the main causes here can be considered sinusitis, rhinitis in the chronic stage, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, purulent otitis media.

Manifestations

The symptoms of ganglionitis will depend on its cause. But each type is characterized by such general manifestations as burning pain, which can be paroxysmal, and severe itching in the area of ​​the affected area. Paresthesia, which is a tingling or numbness sensation in the skin over the affected ganglion, may also develop.

Inflammation of a herpetic nature is accompanied by a rash of blisters, the touch of which causes pain. The same pain will occur in the area of ​​the spinous processes of the vertebrae if you try to palpate them. The functioning of internal organs may be disrupted due to damage to the nerve nodes that ensure their uninterrupted functioning. The skin above the affected ganglion itself also changes. It changes color, and in more severe cases, ulcers may form on it. The function of thermoregulation and sweating is disrupted, and swelling of the subcutaneous tissue begins. The muscles that are located nearby begin to weaken and lose their tone. Reflexes also decrease, joints become stiff. If the disease affects the cervical ganglia, then the same symptoms begin to appear on the face, neck and different places heads.

With the development of inflammation in the area of ​​the stellate node, pain in the upper half of the chest and false angina may occur.

Ganglionitis of the gasserian ganglion develops due to a decrease in the body's defenses. This disease is much more severe than herpetic ganglionitis, and rashes most often occur in the trigeminal nerve area - on the face, near the eyes. At the same time there is big risk development of keratitis, that is, inflammation of the cornea. Other symptoms include photophobia and darkening of the surface layers of the skin. The rashes themselves look like small, barely visible dots.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is characterized by acute pain in the eye area and around the orbits, in the area of ​​the upper jaw and root of the nose, and less often in the area of ​​the lower jaw. In this case, the pain can spread to the temples and even to the arms.

Inflammation of the geniculate ganglion is characterized by inflammation and herpetic rashes in the ear area and pain. Sometimes there may be complaints of dizziness. When the lumbar and lower thoracic nodes are affected, dysfunction of the pelvic and abdominal organs is observed.

Diagnostics

For diagnosis, only the clinical picture and patient complaints are used. No tests are performed to confirm the diagnosis. Must be carried out differential diagnosis with diseases such as:

1. Neuritis of the somatic nerve.
2. Syringomyelia.
3. Meningoradiculitis.
4. Neurovascular syndromes.

When diagnosing, consultations with a neurologist, dentist, or ENT specialist are required. Otoscopy and pharyngoscopy may be required, and sometimes x-ray diagnostics are prescribed.

Drug therapy

Treatment for ganglionitis depends on its symptoms and what is causing the disease. Most often, antiallergic and antiviral drugs are prescribed, as well as immunomodulators that help boost immunity. Treatment must be comprehensive and include taking B vitamins and ganglion blockers, the most effective of which are considered to be ganglerone and pachycarpine.

To treat pain, drugs such as finlepsin, thebantine or catadolone are used. If necessary, treatment can be supplemented with antidepressants.

Novocaine blockades in the affected area help to cope very well with pain. Physiotherapy also helps to cope with inflammation - ultrasound, Bernard currents, radon baths, sulfuric acid baths, therapeutic mud. However, to achieve a lasting effect, it is imperative to cure the main cause of this disease and certainly improve immunity. This is the only way to get rid of ganglion inflammation forever.

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Ganglionitis is a serious neurological disease characterized by damage to one or more ganglia. In medical science, the ganglion is called the sympathetic nerve ganglion. Most often, damage to the nerve ganglion occurs due to the spread of infection, in particular, influenza, herpes, etc.

The very fact that the disease affects nerve cells speaks volumes about the danger of the disease, which causes numbness of the skin or unpleasant tingling in places of the anomaly.

Ganglionitis is not a very common disease, however, it has quite a few varieties, which depend mainly on the true root cause, or, in other words, on the type of infection.

Ganglionitis comes in several varieties:

• herpetic
• ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion
• ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion
• Gasserian ganglionitis
• geniculate ganglionitis

As you can see, the types of diseases differ according to infections and local places that the disease affects, namely, nerve nodes located in different places in the body.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion affects the area of ​​the upper and lower jaw; as a result, a sick person may experience pain in these places, as well as in the eyes. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can cause pain in the teeth and gums. If you do not resort to treatment for a long time, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion spreads to the hands.

This once again indicates a very tight relationship between all the nerve nodes in the human body. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can also cause rashes in the mouth area. This is a consequence of the inflammation process.

Ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion is accompanied by inflammation in the upper chest. Sometimes, with it, a person can even feel pain in the heart, a disturbance in its rhythm, however, in fact, these sensations are false, since the disease in this case affects only nerve cells.

Ganglionitis of the Gasserian ganglion usually occurs in older people; it occurs against the background of general depression and weakening of the immune system. This disease has practically no cure and is very difficult for the patient. A rash is observed in the area of ​​the eyes and cornea, and a person may experience a phenomenon such as photophobia.

Ganglionitis of the geniculate ganglion mainly affects the hearing organs. In this case, there may be redness in the ear area, rashes inside the ear canals, which leads to weakened hearing, as well as unpleasant feelings and headaches, dizziness, which may possibly be a consequence of hearing problems.

Causes of ganglionitis

As already mentioned, ganglionitis is usually a consequence of a specific pathology or infection. Doctors identify the following causes of ganglionitis:

• flu
• malaria
• herpes virus
• angina
• poisoning of the body with chemicals, biological substances, alcohol, drugs
• internal tumors affecting nerve ganglia

One way or another, ganglionitis rarely appears as a separate ailment and very often as the development of rashes, pain, pain due to an already existing pathology.

The most common type of ganglionitis can be considered herpetic, based on a serious infection, affecting the body. In this case, the acute nature of the disease is observed, which immediately begins to manifest itself externally.

In addition to the above reasons, metabolic disorders in the body, as well as osteochondrosis of the spine, can also be risk factors, because its curvature can contribute to compression of the nerves.

Symptoms of herpetic ganglionitis

The symptoms of ganglionitis usually manifest themselves quite clearly, while delivering a lot of pain to the person. discomfort. Doctors identify several external manifestations that directly indicate damage to nerve nodes in the body:

• itching in the area of ​​inflammation and lesions
• severe pain, sometimes even radiating to the head and limbs
• numbness and tingling of the affected skin areas
• increased sweating, sometimes causeless chills
• deterioration of reflective abilities, sometimes – loss of coordination of movements
• Rashes in the form of red blisters in places of localization of inflammation are not uncommon

It is worth keeping in mind that each type is characterized by a certain set of manifestations, but these symptoms are something common between all types of ganglionitis identified by medicine over time.

Ganglionitis is characterized by a rash of red, dense blisters on the skin that are unnatural skin formations and touching which causes the patient very severe pain.

Sometimes the skin in the area where the nerve node was affected changes its color, becoming red, scarlet or even purple with bluish tints.

This indicates a disruption in the functioning of the subcutaneous tissues and the activation of the defense mechanism. Muscles located close to inflammation lose their former tone, become weak, and sometimes even atrophy. This then spreads throughout all the muscles of the body, because in the body there is a tight relationship between the nerves.

But the worst thing that ganglionitis can bring with it is a disruption in the functioning of internal organs that are located near the affected ganglion. All indicated symptoms, put together, create a clear clinical picture, which is very convenient for the doctor to identify the final diagnosis.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of ganglionitis includes clarification of the patient’s complaints and external manifestations, which are expressed in rash, pain, change in skin color, etc. However, in some cases, even this may not be enough to recreate the clinical picture.

Therefore, in some cases, the doctor may prescribe an x-ray or otoscopy. Also, when diagnosing a disease, separate consultations with a neurologist, dentist and other doctors may be required.

Treatment of herpetic ganglionitis

Ganglionitis can be cured, although it may take a lot of time and effort. The main thing in treating this disease is not only to get rid of the root cause, but also to remove inflammation of the ganglia, and also try to increase your immunity in order to henceforth protect the body from external viruses.

Treatment of ganglionitis should be comprehensive.

This means that, in addition to taking various medications, the patient needs to exercise, take soothing baths, use folk remedies and, of course, take measures to harden the body. It is also recommended to take vitamins.

As you know, ganglionitis can be accompanied by terrible pain, especially when touching the rash. Therefore, the doctor will prescribe medications such as Katadolon or Finlepsin. They relieve attacks of pain. You may also need to take antidepressant medications.

Folk remedies for herpetic ganglionitis include soothing decoctions, herbal teas, pine or mud baths. Their role is also important in recovery. Don't forget about physical activity. Let them be insignificant, but even an ordinary walk on fresh air will produce a certain effect.

Only comprehensive measures can get rid of ganglionitis.

Many people are interested in what it is - ganglionitis. This is a disease based on inflammation of the ganglion. This is the name for a nerve cell consisting of nerve cells, their bodies, axons and dendrites. Its shell is made up of connective tissue. If two such nodes become inflamed at once, this condition is called polyganglionitis.

After identifying the symptoms, diagnosing and treating ganglionitis, they begin to use medications and undergo physical procedures.

Causes

Most common cause The development of ganglionitis is the penetration of infection, as a result of which the inflammatory process begins. The source of infection is local inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx:

• sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis;
• less often - arthritis

Ganglionitis can occur as a result of toxic effects on the nerve ganglion during purulent otitis media. Factors contributing to the occurrence of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion are lack of sleep, overwork, stressful situations, alcohol intake, and loud noise.

Symptoms

Often, the symptoms of ganglionitis depend on the specific cause of the disease. Despite this, there are several common manifestations that occur in many patients: burning pain and unpleasant itching. Patients often develop paresthesia - numbness and tingling of the skin in the area of ​​the inflamed ganglion. If the inflammation is diagnosed as herpetic, blisters appear on the skin, painful when touched. In the area of ​​the spinous processes of the vertebrae, pain may also occur on palpation. The skin in the affected area changes color as well as texture.

Ulcers

Ganglionitis is easy to identify in the most difficult cases development of the disease, when ulcers appear on the affected area of ​​the skin, and internal organs lose their functionality due to damage to nerve nodes. Muscles located in the area of ​​inflammation also undergo degeneration. They weaken and lose their tone. The joints lose their mobility, which is why the patient's reflex speed is reduced. Patients often complain of heart problems and angina, but this is caused by inflammation in the area of ​​the stellate ganglion, which creates false secondary complaints.

Kinds

Ganglionitis is an inflammatory process occurring in the ganglion. Etiology of occurrence of this disease quite extensive - from lesions during viral infections to post-traumatic inflammation.

The specific symptomatic differences of ganglionitis depend on the localization of the inflammatory process, while common features of this disease are: swelling of the affected area, itching, pain.

When considering the types of ganglionitis, you should focus on the following diagnostic features:

1. When ganglionitis is localized in the sternum and upper shoulder girdle the so-called stellate node is affected. The symptoms and treatment of stellate ganglionitis are very varied and often misleading when making a diagnosis. In this case, the patient may complain of heart pain; after a detailed examination, false angina can be diagnosed.
2. When the disease is localized in the area of ​​the eyeball, inflammation affects the Gasserian node, and symptoms of keratitis, photophobia, swelling in the eye area, and rash are noted. This type of ganglionitis may result from a herpes infection.
3. upper respiratory tract, hearing aid and oral cavity (tonsillitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis, pulpitis and caries) can provoke ganglionitis in the pterygopalatine node, located in one of the maxillary sinuses. This localization is characterized by pain in almost all parts of the face and head (touching the ears, eye sockets, tip of the nose, temples is painful, sometimes pain even extends to the area of ​​the upper shoulder girdle).
4. TO separate species ganglionitis can be attributed to Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, when the focus is localized in the area of ​​the auricle. It is a consequence of herpetic infection. Symptoms of this type include ear pain and dizziness. It differs from the previous lesion of the pterygopalatine ganglion in the manifestation of paresis of the facial nerve.
5. The symptoms and treatment of cervical ganglionitis are determined by the doctor. As a rule, the disease is a consequence of cervical osteochondrosis; in addition, it can be caused by any of the infections or develop against the background of the clinical picture of tonsillitis. Pain in this type is localized in the area of ​​the shoulder girdle and the back of the head. Besides, additional symptoms Affected by ganglionitis of the cervical node, there may be redness of the face, eyes, asymmetrical appearance of wrinkles on one side of the face, difficulty breathing due to nasal congestion.
6. Pain directly in the tongue, which then moves to the jaw and further to the temples, neck and back of the head - these are symptoms of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion. Treatment and additional diagnostics in this case are prescribed by a specialized specialist. In addition, salivation increases, soft fabrics the tongue becomes hypersensitive, it is painful for the patient to move the jaws.
7. Ciliary ganglionitis (or Oppenheim syndrome) develops against the background of a herpes infection or as a consequence of chronic, untreated sinusitis. Characteristic symptoms for this lesion include lacrimation and localized pain in the area of ​​the eye sockets and temples.
8. There is also herpetic ganglionitis (symptoms and treatment will be determined by a specialist). It is necessary to note the characteristic rash and pain along the nerve endings of the spine.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of the disease is based on the collection of complaints, medical history, clinical manifestations, and instrumental diagnostics.

Patient complaints are varied and depend on the location of the inflammation. The most common concerns are acute paroxysmal pain, swelling and itching of the affected area, increased body temperature, excessive sweating, weakness, loss of strength, limitation of movement in joints.

A survey of the disease history will allow you to establish the cause and begin timely and correct treatment. The patient's body temperature is objectively assessed, skin and mucous membranes, perform a thorough examination of the affected area.

When palpating the projection points of the node, pain and impaired sensitivity are detected. There are no specific tests that can accurately diagnose ganglionitis.

Related diseases

The disease must be differentiated from meningoradiculitis, neuritis, syringomyelia, and neurovascular syndromes. For this purpose, the patient is referred for consultation to a neurologist, ENT doctor and dentist. As instrumental methods studies use pharyngoscopy (examination of the pharynx) and otoscopy (examination of the ear). X-ray diagnostics are possible.

After the final identification of symptoms of ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion, treatment is prescribed immediately.

Treatment

Many patients are interested in how to treat ganglionitis. Symptoms and treatment of the disease will depend directly on the degree and severity, localization of the inflammatory process. Widely used drug treatment, physical therapy, less often surgery.

Medicinal substances

As already mentioned, the symptoms and treatment of ganglionitis (photos of people suffering from this unpleasant disease are presented in the article) depend on the type of disease. Therapy is purely individual. But everything will come down to physical therapy and medication. The operation requires certain actions; each doctor decides this issue, based on individual characteristics everyone.

To cure this disease, you will have to undergo a certain course of medications. Namely:

1. Taking Interferon. The body needs antibacterial and antiviral support.
2. Treatment with drugs with desensitizing properties. These include "Diazolin", "Tavegil", "Ketotifen".
3. The course of treatment also involves taking analgesics (Analgin, Indomethacin, Diclofenac).
4. Ganglioblockers will be required. For example, "Gangleron" or "Pentalgin".
5. It would not be superfluous to use vasodilators (Nikoshpan, Thionikol, Papaverine).
6. At some stages, antihypoxants will be required: “Aevit”, “Sodium oxybutyrate”.
7. For better metabolism in tissues and activation of reparative and regenerative processes, Pentoxyl and Petiluracil are suitable. The use of immunomodulators is vital.

Physiotherapy

Any physiotherapy will be aimed at solving a whole range of problems. With ganglionitis, the pain syndrome must first be relieved. The methods used are anesthetic. The problem of intoxication and inflammation needs to be solved. Antimicrobial and antiviral therapy will help here. For inflammatory processes, the anti-exudative method of physiotherapy will help. Allergic reactions that occur can be eliminated by any in an accessible way. To normalize all functions of the peripheral nervous system, they will resort to a method in which all free nerve endings will be irritated. For dystrophy, the trophostimulating method is used. To correct immune dysfunction, immunostimulating physiotherapy will be chosen.

Spa treatment

Sometimes patients are sent simply to rest in a sanatorium. This is done at the moment of the final period, when the disease is especially acute. It is carried out only in the complete absence of pronounced disorders of the nervous system and pain. Absolutely any resort is suitable. It doesn't matter if it's mud baths or rocky beaches. The only important thing is the process in which a person gives rest to the nervous system of the body and puts himself in order. It is worth noting that this happens best near the sea due to the salty air.

Prevention

The basis for the prevention of ganglionitis includes timely and correct treatment, prevention of development viral diseases.

1. Should be maintained correct image life and give up bad habits, do not eat a lot of fatty and salty foods.
2. You need to exercise every day. Morning jogging will not be superfluous either.
3. Hardening strengthens the immune system well, but don’t immediately douse yourself with ice water. You need to start gradually with light douches in the bath, with rubbing your limbs with a cold and wet towel, and then you can gradually move on to douches in the fresh air, but first only in the warm season.
4. Don't forget about a hat during the cold season. After all, no hairstyle can be more valuable than your own health, and without a hat in winter you can get sick with more serious diseases.
5. To prevent the disease, especially in spring and autumn, you need to strengthen your immune system with vitamins and eat more fruits and vegetables.

It is also important to get vaccinated in advance; it will provide the body with lasting immunity against this disease. During a disease outbreak, you must wear a special protective mask.

A disease based on inflammation of the ganglion. A ganglion is a nerve node that is composed of several components, nerve cells, their bodies, axons and dendrites. Its shell consists of connective tissue. When several such nodes become inflamed at once, the condition is called polyganglionitis.

Ganglionitis occurs when one or several sympathetic nodes are affected as a result of the following infectious diseases, such as herpes zoster, tonsillitis, influenza, malaria. It happens that this disease often occurs as a result of toxic poisoning or injury. Ganglionitis was discovered by an American doctor and may also be called Slader syndrome. This syndrome was described quite late - in 1908, it happened when such sciences as neurology, physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system and the art of dissection were highly developed.

Classification of ganglionitis.

The following main ganglionitis nodes are distinguished:

• pterygopalatine;
• ciliary;
• ear;
• geniculate;
• trigeminal;
• submandibular;
• sublingual;
• star-shaped;
• upper cervical

The pterygopalatine ganglion is located at the junction of many so-called “roads” of the peripheral nervous system. This is what determines the variability of clinical manifestations. This unit has the following parts:

• Sensitive somatic fibers from the maxillary nerve, which carry innervation from the oral mucosa, gums, cheeks;
• From the facial nerve, parasympathetic fibers influence secretion and taste;
• From the carotid plexus, internal carotid artery– sympathetic fibers.

In addition to these parts, which provide communication between the ganglia and the facial and facial systems, the pterygopalatine ganglion is also connected to a certain extent with the sympathetic ganglia and other ganglia, such as the auricular and ciliary ganglia.

This close relationship allows the pterygopalatine node to respond sensitively to all processes that occur in the vessels and nerves of the head and neck.

Symptoms of ganglionitis.

The main symptom of ganglioneuritis is diffuse pain, it has a burning character and, as a rule, can be accompanied by a feeling of pulsation similar to fullness. The localization of such unpleasant sensations directly depends on the location of the node. There are cases when they spread to the entire half of the body or to the opposite side. The pain does not intensify with movement, but can become more severe in cases of weather change, stress, and eating.

Inflammation of the ganglion is also complemented by:

• A sensitivity disorder, such as its decrease (hypoesthesia) or increase (hyperesthesia), can also be paresthesia (numbness, tingling);
• Neurotrophic and vasomotor disorders in the zone of excitation of the affected node;
• Emotional instability, sleep disturbance is observed in case of prolonged course.

Specific symptoms of the disease also depend on the location of the inflamed ganglion and the etiological factor.

Symptoms of pelvic and sacral ganglioneuritis in women:

• The occurrence of unpleasant sensations during sexual intercourse;
• Aching pain in the lower abdomen, spreading to the perineum and rectum;
• Violation menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding.

Basically, pelvic ganglioneuritis can be caused by a herpetic infection, and therefore its symptoms can be supplemented by an itchy rash, which also manifests itself in the form of blisters over the lower back, sacrum, and in the perineal area.

Cervical ganglioneuritis can be upper cervical, lower cervical and stellate. Manifestations of upper cervical inflammation:

• Expansion of the palpebral fissure;
• Mydriasis (pupil dilation);
• Exophthalmos;
• Hyperthyroidism due to ongoing stimulation of the thyroid gland;
• Hyperhidrosis;
• Redness of half the face;
• Change in sensitivity above the second rib;
• Paresis of the larynx, hoarseness of voice;
• Toothache occurs in some cases.

Ganglioneuritis of the lower sternum and lower back may be accompanied by:

• Unpleasant sensations and sensitivity disorders in the lower torso and limbs;
• Severe pain in the thigh (with involvement of the sciatic nerve);
• Vegetative-visceral disorders of the abdominal organs.

Other manifestations of ganglion inflammation are also possible:

• Ganglioneuritis of the pterygopalatine ganglion, manifests itself in the form of shooting pain in the orbit and upper jaw, redness of half the face, lacrimation from one eye, rather copious discharge from one nasal passage;
• Damage to the geniculate node results in pain in the ear, which spreads to the back of the head and neck, paresis of facial muscles.

Diagnosis of ganglionitis.

It happens that it is sometimes very difficult for doctors to make an accurate diagnosis. We need consultations with a neurologist, dentist, or ENT specialist.

The diagnosis is based on the following clinical data:

• Severe and paroxysmal pain that resembles the sensation of a burn;
• Itching of the affected area;
• Paresthesia, anesthesia;
• Edema;
• Amyotrophy;
• Increased sensitivity;
• Disorder or excitation of pilomotor, secretory, vasomotor, trophic fibers;
• Catarrhal syndrome;
• Local and general increase temperature;
• General malaise.

During the examination there will be pain on palpation pain points projections of the node itself and its nerves, there is a violation of sensitivity. It happens that they resort to the use of additional diagnostic methods: otoscopy, pharyngoscopy, radiography.

Treatment of ganglionitis and ganglioneuritis.

To treat ganglionitis, anti-allergenic drugs are prescribed, and a course of antibiotic treatment is prescribed (especially if the etiology of ganglionitis is bacterial in nature).

Analgesics are indicated to relieve pain. In some cases, in cases of severe pain and ineffectiveness of analgesics, novocaine is administered intravenously or paravertebral blockades with novocaine are performed in the affected area, and sympathectomy is also performed. This surgical removal affected ganglion, which is used in cases where none of the methods of pain relief gives the desired result.

Considering the nature of the disease, anti-infective therapy may also be prescribed. When a viral etiology of the disease manifests itself, antiviral drugs and gamma globulin are prescribed. In case of damage to the sympathetic system, cholinomimetic drugs, gluconate and calcium chloride can be prescribed.

In the treatment of this disease, physiotherapy is widely used; this procedure aims to relieve pain and inflammation, and correct disorders of the autonomic system. Elimination of pain occurs with the help of transcranial electroanalgesia and drug electrophoresis of anesthetics. Relief of intoxication is carried out by low-intensity UHF therapy.

Antiviral methods involve the patient undergoing EF radiation. For complete recovery peripheral functions the body is attributed to darsonvalization procedures, mustard and turpentine baths. If allergic reactions occur, they are eliminated using antiallergic procedures - local aerosol therapy with the use of antihistamines, nitrogen baths.

Treatment of ganglionitis during the interictal period.

After the attack is stopped, you need to start looking for the reasons that led to the development acute pain: it is necessary to treat inflammation in the sinuses of the skull (treat frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis, visit a dentist, have teeth sanitized). Antibiotics and drugs that enhance immunity are used.

During the interictal period, taking anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, as well as antidepressants, but not amitriptyline, has a positive effect. Also good effect, which successfully prevents an attack, has electrophoresis of anesthetics (novocaine), application (UHF), diadynamic currents.

Treatment of this disease must be carried out taking into account the improvement general background body: taking multivitamins, exercising physical culture, correction blood pressure, taking medications that reduce the manifestations of atherosclerosis. Especially important factor What significantly reduces the risk of developing this neuralgia is proper cerebral circulation.

Among the medications used in treatment, neurotropic B vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin) are taken. One of the modern complex drugs The product that allows you to combine these vitamins is Milgamma Compositum.

In addition, the use of neuroprotectors (piracetam, Nootropil) and drugs that improve cerebral circulation is indicated.

In the case of persistent and severe pain that is insensitive to treatment, radiofrequency destruction of this node can be used, which significantly reduces the frequency and intensity of pain impulses. Naturally, it is not recommended to destroy such an important node, since you can get a lot of unforeseen phenomena, such as dry eyes, dry nasal mucosa.

To summarize, it is worth saying that in cases of such symptoms, the first doctors to whom the patient turns are first otolaryngologists, then dentists, and in rare cases ophthalmologists. It is also necessary to recall the general contraindications for neuralgia.

Almost always, an ENT doctor or dentist can find your pathology and begin to treat it as effectively as possible, but unfortunately, in our time, all this is taken into account by price, and it can be very expensive. Apparently this is why many people try to self-medicate. At the same time, not always realizing that not every ailment can be cured in this way. That is why on the pages of our website we try to provide everyone with knowledge about the most various ailments and about acceptable methods of combating them.

In case of correct diagnosis and subsequent adequate treatment, the prognosis is favorable for life.

Prevention of ganglionitis and ganglioneuritis.

Prevention of ganglionitis and ganglioneuritis consists of: timely treatment all kinds of inflammatory processes in the body, viral and infectious diseases. The use of sports is also very important. Proper nutrition, long walks in the fresh air, giving up smoking and alcohol - were, are and will be the best guarantees of health.

And this approach is important not only if a diagnosis of ganglionitis is made, but also for many other ailments. Be healthy!

Inflammatory lesions of the pterygopalatine nerve ganglion are predominantly of infectious etiology. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is manifested by painful attacks in the affected half of the face, which are accompanied by vegetative symptoms (lacrimation, redness of the skin, swelling, salivation). Diagnosis of the disease is based on its clinical picture and the exclusion of other causes of facial pain. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is treated with the complex use of analgesics, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, ganglion-blocking and antiallergic drugs; lubricating the nasal cavity with a solution of dicaine; physiotherapeutic agents (UHF, electrophoresis, DDT, mud therapy).

General information

The pterygopalatine node is located in the pterygopalatine fossa, located in the infratemporal region. It is formed by 3 roots: sensitive - formed by branches from the maxillary nerve (II branch of the trigeminal nerve), sympathetic - represented by a branch of the internal carotid plexus and parasympathetic - the greater petrosal nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve. Branches emanating from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate the orbit, lacrimal gland and sphenoid sinus (orbital branches); nasal mucosa and ethmoid sinus (nasal branches); soft and hard palate, maxillary sinus (palatine branches).

Causes of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node most often develops as a result of the penetration of infectious agents into the node, causing the development of an inflammatory process in it. The source of infection is often local inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx: sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis; less commonly, arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can occur as a result of toxic effects on the nerve ganglion during chronic tonsillitis, chronic purulent otitis media. Factors contributing to the occurrence of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion are lack of sleep, overwork, stressful situations, alcohol intake, and loud noise.

In some cases, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion acts as a neurodental complication in dental caries, accompanied by the development of pulpitis and periodontitis. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can be observed against the background of common infectious diseases: ARVI, herpetic infection, tuberculosis, rheumatism. The occurrence of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is possible as a result of trauma with damage to the structures of the pterygopalatine fossa.

Symptoms of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

The basis of the clinical picture of pterygopalatine ganglionitis is a spontaneously occurring attack of intense facial pain. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node never manifests itself as pain limited to the area where the node is located. Multiple anastomoses of the pterygopalatine ganglion of its roots and branches cause varied localization of pain and its widespread nature. The dominant pain is in areas that are innervated directly by branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion: in the eyeball, upper jaw, at the base of the nose, in the hard palate. Sometimes the pain spreads to the gums and/or teeth of the lower jaw. Often ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is accompanied by irradiation of pain to the occipital region, neck, auricle, temple, less often to the shoulder, forearm, and sometimes even to the hand. Anastomoses of the pterygopalatine node with the nodes of the sympathetic trunk in some cases lead to the spread of pain to the entire half of the body.

An attack of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is accompanied by severe autonomic disorders, which are manifested by swelling and redness of the affected half of the face, lacrimation, secretion of large amounts of saliva and copious discharge of liquid secretion from the corresponding half of the nose. Due to its pronounced vegetative symptoms, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion was called “vegetative storm”.

An attack of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion can have varying durations from minutes to several hours and even days. Most often, such attacks occur at night. In the post-attack period, with ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion, mild vegetative symptoms may persist. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion has a chronic paroxysmal course and can last for years. Exacerbations in spring and autumn are typical for it. They can be triggered by a history of acute respiratory viral infection, hypothermia, a stressful situation, decreased immunity, or weather changes.

Diagnosis of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

The diagnosis of “Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion” can be made using a clear clinical picture of the disease. To confirm the diagnosis, the posterior areas of the nasal cavity are lubricated with a 0.1% solution of dicaine and adrenaline. If this procedure allows you to stop a painful attack, then ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is confirmed.

It is necessary to differentiate ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node from other diseases accompanied by facial pain (prosopalgia): trigeminal neuralgia, inflammatory diseases of the ear (otitis externa, acute otitis media, mastoiditis), dental pathology (acute toothache, pulpitis, periodontitis). During the diagnostic process, it is necessary to identify or exclude the presence of an inflammatory focus, which can serve as a source of infection of the pterygopalatine node and support the inflammatory process in it. For this purpose, consultations with a neurologist, dentist, otolaryngologist, otoscopy and pharyngoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses and dental radiography can be carried out.

Treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion

In the complex treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion, measures to relieve pain come first. They include introducing turundum with novocaine into the nasal cavity and lubricating the nasal cavity with dicaine. Severe pain is an indication for the prescription of ganglion blockers (azamethonium bromide, benzohexonium); in especially severe cases, the pterygopalatine ganglion is blocked with anesthetics (lidocaine, novocaine, etc.).

Treatment of pterygopalatine ganglionitis of infectious-inflammatory etiology is combined with the use of anti-infective (antibiotics) and anti-inflammatory drugs. An effective method of treating ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is the injection of a hydrocortisone solution into the area of ​​the pterygopalatine ganglion. Antiallergic drugs (chloropyramine, loratadine, desloratadine) must be prescribed. The use of general strengthening agents and B vitamins is indicated.

According to indications, complex therapy may include antispasmodics, neuroleptics, antidepressants, anticholinergics, etc. Elderly patients are recommended to take vascular and anti-sclerotic medications that improve cerebral and cardiac circulation. Of the physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, the most effective for ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion are UHF, DDT, endonasal electrophoresis of novocaine, mud therapy, massage of the muscles of the face and neck.

It should be noted that complex treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion in most cases allows to reduce the severity of clinical manifestations of the disease. However, not in all cases it is able to save patients from relapses of the disease.