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Kola NPP is a branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC (part of the electric power division of the Rosatom State Corporation). This is the first nuclear power plant in Russia built beyond the Arctic Circle. For 45 years now, the northern nuclear power plant has been operating reliably and efficiently, remaining an environmentally friendly enterprise and providing the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia with electricity. For more than 10 years, the nuclear plant team has been successfully headed by Vasily Omelchuk.

Northernmost

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant is located 200 kilometers south of Murmansk on the shore of Lake Imandra, 12 kilometers from the city of Polyarnye Zori. The station generates about 60% of the electricity in the Murmansk region.

The history of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant began in the mid-1960s: active development of the northern territories continued, and the rapid development of industry required large energy costs. The country's leadership decided to build a nuclear power plant in the Arctic, and in 1969, builders laid the first cubic meter of concrete. In 1973, the first power unit of the nuclear power plant supplied current to the country's Unified Energy System, and in 1984 the last, 4th power unit was put into operation.

In 1991–2005, a large-scale reconstruction of equipment was carried out at the first stage of the station, which made it possible to bring it into compliance with the new requirements of nuclear safety rules and extend its service life by 15 years. In 2007, work began on the reconstruction of units 3 and 4, and in 2011, a license was received from Rostechnadzor to operate power unit No. 3 during an additional period.

The Kola Nuclear Plant branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC, like all nuclear power plants in Russia, demonstrates reliable and safe operation in all areas, including issues of ensuring environmental safety.

For the first time in the history of nuclear energy in the Russian Federation

At the end of June this year, residents of Polyarnye Zori and guests of the city of nuclear scientists celebrated a double holiday: the 45th anniversary of the launch of the first power unit of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant and the 50th anniversary of the formation of the city of Polyarnye Zori.

According to the head of KNPP Vasily Omelchuk, the best gift for the company’s staff was the decision made on June 28 by Rostekhnadzor to grant Rosenergoatom Concern a license from July this year, which gives the right to operate the nuclear installation of power unit No. 1 of the Kola NPP for an additional period of 15 years - up to 2033.

Deputy general director- Director of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC Vasily Omelchuk

I would like to emphasize that the repeated extension of the operation of power units is happening for the first time in the history of Russian nuclear energy. A significant amount of work has already been completed. There are many more promising projects ahead.

The safety level of four power units with VVER-440 reactors meets modern requirements of domestic and world standards, which has been repeatedly confirmed by Russian and international experts.

The Kola NPP has hosted IAEA missions more than once. The last one took place in 2014, and in November 2018 the station will again host OSART mission experts as part of the corporate audit of Rosenergoatom Concern.

The company's staff prepared adequately for the anniversary. For several years, a lot of work has been carried out to modernize the equipment, which has made it possible to increase the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants by an order of magnitude. In 2017 alone, 2.5 billion rubles were spent for these purposes.

“Having worked for 45 years, the Kola station remains a safe industrial facility,” says the manager. – The enterprise has never exceeded the standards established by the state for nuclear energy facilities.

In collaboration with foreign colleagues

Kola NPP continues technical assistance programs from Norway, Sweden and Finland. During the long-term cooperation of the plant with the Scandinavian countries, more than 50 joint projects aimed at improving the safety of the nuclear plant have been implemented.

Thus, within their framework, the equipment for non-destructive testing of metal was modernized, installations for eddy current testing of steam generator tubes, radiation monitoring equipment, fire extinguishing systems, water-chemical monitoring, a system for displaying safety parameters, and software were supplied.

NPPs pay special attention to the training and education of personnel: various trainings and seminars are held for nuclear scientists with the participation of foreign specialists from SSM, STUK and the IFE Institute. In the first quarter of 2018, it is planned to supply equipment worth more than 100 thousand euros to the Kola NPP: ultrasonic transducers for the reactor vessel metal monitoring system (manufactured by AREVA), as well as Gamma Tracer radiation monitoring devices (Positron, Germany).

AtomSkills-2018: again with prizes

In August of this year, the third championship of professional skills of the Rosatom State Corporation AtomSkills-2018 was held in Yekaterinburg.

This is the most important event in the nuclear industry, its goal is to improve the professional skills of the best young engineers and workers of nuclear enterprises.

The competition attracted a record number of participants, experts, guests and fans - more than two thousand people in total. Over the course of four days, engineers, drivers, turners and electricians from 78 industrial enterprises in the country competed in 28 competencies.

As a result, the Kola NPP won prizes in three out of four categories. This is another achievement of northern nuclear scientists.

The winners received awards from the hands of the General Director of the state corporation Rosatom, Alexey Likhachev, and the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region, Evgeny Kuyvashev.

Over the years, station employees have become AtomSkills winners in the Dosimetrist, Industrial Automation, and Electrical Installation competencies.

The team of the largest electric power division of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC at the Rosatom industry championship included 124 people - 54 competitors and 70 experts. In total, the team has 17 medals in 11 competencies.

The city and the station are one

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant is a city-forming enterprise for Polyarnye Zori with a population of 16 thousand inhabitants. Thanks to industry support, the city is implementing a whole range of social projects.

With the assistance of KNPP, a House of Culture, a swimming pool, a sports stadium were built, and the wooden Orthodox Holy Trinity Church became the decoration of Polyarnye Zori. In 2002, on Power Engineers Day, a new indoor ice stadium opened its doors.

The launch of the electric boiler house ensured a reduction in costs for expensive fuel oil, reduced the amount of emissions into the atmosphere and solved the problem of hot water supply to housing stock and enterprises in the summer.

In 2018, more than 40 million rubles will be spent on the creation of sports and cultural facilities only within the framework of the agreement between Rosatom and the government of the Murmansk region. At the same time, the management of the enterprise always notes that the city and the nuclear power plant are a single whole.

According to the director of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant, deputy chairman of the Murmansk Regional Duma Vasily Omelchuk, the management of Rosatom, Rosenergoatom Concern and the Kola Nuclear Power Plant, the regional government and the administration of the city of Polyarnye Zori successfully cooperate, trying to make the city as comfortable as possible for life.

The priority of the year is the construction of a sports and recreation complex in Polyarnye Zory. Another large-scale project being implemented today is the creation of a city park on the shores of Lake Pinozero. Over the course of several years, a huge park with many infrastructure facilities appeared on the site of a forest in the southern part of the city.

Deputy General Director- Director of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC Vasily Omelchuk

Born in 1953 in Ukraine, in the city of Uman, Cherkasy region. In 1975, he graduated with honors from the Odessa Polytechnic Institute with a degree in Nuclear Power Plants and Installations.

He has been working at the Kola Nuclear Power Plant since 1975, starting as an operator. Since 1988 he worked as deputy chief engineer. In 1994–2008 - chief engineer of the branch of FSUE Concern Rosenergoatom "Kola Nuclear Plant", chief engineer of the branch of JSC Concern Energoatom "Kola Nuclear Plant".

Since 2009 - Deputy General Director - Director of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC.

V.V. Omelchuk is deputy chairman of the Murmansk Regional Duma.

Awarded the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (2000), the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, I degree (2006).

In 2018, Vasily Vasilyevich Omelchuk celebrates his 65th birthday.

Based on materials from the official website of the Kola NPP

Read further:

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant is the northernmost nuclear power plant in Europe and the first nuclear power plant in the USSR built beyond the Arctic Circle. Despite the harsh climate of the region and the long polar night, the water near the station never freezes. The nuclear power plant does not affect the state of the environment, this is evidenced by the fact that in the area of ​​the outlet channel there is a fish farm, where whole year trout are bred.

1. The history of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant began in the mid-1960s: residents of the union continued to actively develop northern part territories, and the rapid development of industry required large energy costs. The country's leadership decided to build a nuclear power plant in the Arctic, and in 1969, builders laid the first cubic meter of concrete.

In 1973, the first power unit of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant was launched, and in 1984, the last one, the fourth power unit, was put into operation.

2. The station is located above the Arctic Circle on the shore of Lake Imandra, twelve kilometers from the city of Polyarnye Zori, Murmansk region.

It consists of four VVER-440 power units with an installed capacity of 1,760 MW and provides electricity to a number of enterprises in the region.

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant generates 60% of the electricity in the Murmansk region, and in its area of ​​responsibility big cities, including Murmansk, Apatity, Monchegorsk, Olenegorsk and Kandalaksha.

3. Reactor protective cap No. 1. Deep below it is the nuclear reactor vessel, which is a cylindrical vessel.
The body weight is 215 tons, diameter is 3.8 m, height is 11.8 m, wall thickness is 140 mm. The thermal power of the reactor is 1375 MW.

4. The upper block of the reactor is a structure that is designed to seal its body, accommodate control system drives, and protect
and in-reactor control sensors.

5. Over the 45 years of operation of the station, not a single case of exceeding natural background values ​​has been recorded. But a “peaceful” atom remains so only
with proper control and proper operation of all systems. To check the radiation situation at the station, fifteen control posts have been installed.

6. The second reactor was put into operation in 1975.

7. Case for moving 349 fuel cassettes at KNPP.

8. Mechanism for protecting the reactor and station from internal and external factors. Under the hood of each KNPP reactor there are forty-seven tons of nuclear fuel, which heats the primary circuit water.

9. The control panel (MCC) is the nerve center of a nuclear power plant. Designed to monitor power unit performance and control technological processes at a nuclear power plant.

10.

11. The shift in the control room of the third power unit of the Kola NPP consists of only three people.

12. From this large quantity control elements make your eyes wide open.

13.

14. Sectional model of the VVER-440 reactor core.

15.

16.

17. A career as a nuclear specialist requires serious technical training and is impossible without the pursuit of professional excellence.

18. Engine room. Turbines are installed here, to which steam is continuously supplied from a steam generator, heated to 255°C. With their help, a generator is driven, which produces electric current.

19. An electric generator, inside which the rotational energy of a turbine rotor is converted into electricity.

20. The generator turbine, assembled in 1970 at the Kharkov Turbine Plant, has been in use for forty-five years. Its rotation frequency is three thousand revolutions per minute. Eight turbines of the K-220-44 type are installed in the hall.

21. More than two thousand people work at KNPP. To ensure stable operation of the station, staff constantly monitors its technical condition.

22. The length of the machine room is 520 meters.

23. The pipeline system of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant stretches for kilometers throughout the entire territory of the power plant.

24. With the help of transformers, the electricity generated by the generator enters the network. And the steam exhausted in the turbine condensers becomes water again.

25. Open switchgear. It is from here that the electricity generated by the station goes to the consumer.

26.

27. The station was built off the shores of Imandra, the largest lake in the Murmansk region and one of the largest lakes in Russia. The territory of the reservoir is 876 km², depth is 100 m.

28. Chemical water treatment area. After processing, chemically desalted water is obtained here, which is necessary for the operation of power units.

29. Laboratory. Specialists of the chemical workshop of the Kola NPP ensure that the water chemistry regime at the station meets the plant operating standards.

30.

31.

32. The Kola NPP has its own training center and a full-scale simulator, which are designed to train and improve the skills of plant personnel.

33. Students are supervised by an instructor who teaches them how to interact with the control system and what to do in the event of a violation normal operation stations.

34. These containers store non-radioactive salt melt, which is the final product of liquid waste processing.

35. The technology for managing liquid radioactive waste from the Kola NPP is unique and has no analogues in the country. It allows reducing the amount of radioactive waste that must be disposed of by 50 times.

36. Operators of the liquid radioactive waste processing complex monitor all stages of processing. The entire process is fully automated.

37. Discharge of treated wastewater into the outlet canal leading to the Imandra reservoir.

38. Water discharged from nuclear power plants is classified as standard clean and does not pollute environment, but affect the thermal regime of the reservoir.

39. On average, the water temperature at the mouth of the outlet canal is five degrees higher than the water intake temperature.

40. In the area of ​​the KNPP diversion channel, Lake Imandra does not freeze even in winter.

41. For industrial environmental supervision at the Kola NPP they use automated system monitoring of radiation conditions (ASKRO).

42. The mobile radiometric laboratory, which is part of ASKRO, makes it possible to conduct gamma surveys of the area along designated routes, take air and water samples using samplers, determine the content of radionuclides in the samples and transmit the received information to the ASRO information and analytical center via radio channel.

43. Collection of atmospheric precipitation, sampling of soil, snow cover and grass are carried out at 15 permanent observation points.

44. The Kola Nuclear Power Plant also has other projects. For example, a fishery complex in the area of ​​a nuclear power plant discharge canal.

45. The farm raises rainbow trout and Lena sturgeon.

47. Polyarnye Zori is a city of power engineers, builders, teachers and doctors. Founded in 1967 during the construction of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant, it is located on the banks of the Niva River and Lake Pin-Lake, 224 km from Murmansk. As of 2018, the city has a population of approximately 17,000 people.

48. Polyarnye Zori is one of the northernmost cities in Russia, and winter here lasts 5-7 months a year.

49. Holy Trinity Church on the street. Lomonosov.

50. In the city of Polyarnye Zori there are 6 preschool institutions and 3 schools.

51. The system of lakes Iokostrovskaya Imandra and Babinskaya Imandra flows into the White Sea through the Niva River.

52. The White Sea is an internal shelf sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean, in the European Arctic between the Kola Peninsula of the Holy Nose and the Kanin Peninsula. The water area is 90.8 thousand km², depths up to 340 m.

Just yesterday I returned from a trip to the Kola Peninsula. Before this, I had never been to an operating nuclear power plant. I assumed that there were strict requirements for the safety of the facility - after all, it was a strategic and potentially dangerous production. I read that very strict regulations are used among employees to prevent human exposure to radiation. It was said a lot that the nuclear power plant is absolutely safe for people living nearby and the environment.

But what I actually saw did not coincide at all with my theoretical ideas and expectations...

A lot of things were caught on camera but not in the photo. Therefore, in addition to the photo report, I advise you to also watch my video:

Subscribe to my YouTube channel - https://www.youtube.com/c/MasterokST. In the near future there will be a lot about the Murmansk region.

They told me a lot of things in the Murmansk region the most/most NORTHERN(we will remember all this in subsequent posts), but the Kola Nuclear Power Plant is not the northernmost. The northernmost is now considered Bilibino NPP(Chukotka NPP) - the northernmost nuclear power plant in Russia and the world is located in the permafrost zone in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Russian Federation near the city of Bilibino, at a distance of 4.5 kilometers from the latter.

But Kola Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP), located 12 km from the city of Polyarnye Zori, also has its own record regalia - it is the first nuclear power plant in the world built beyond the Arctic Circle.

Let's look at the history of its construction.

Photo 2.

The Leningrad branch of the Teploenergoproekt Institute sent an expedition by S.P. Ilovaisky to the village of Zasheyek in 1963 to carry out survey work to select a site for the construction of a nuclear power plant and a future village of power engineers. The first builders appeared there at the end of November 1964. They were faced with the task of creating a construction base, building housing and roads.

The construction of the nuclear power plant itself began on May 18, 1969. On this day, the first cubic meter of concrete was laid into the foundation of the future station. The construction of the city and the Kola Nuclear Power Plant was carried out by the Kola Nuclear Power Plant construction department, which was headed by Alexander Stepanovich Andrushechko, who worked in this capacity for 17 years. In 1971, the construction site was declared an All-Union Shock Komsomol.

Photo 3.

It's interesting that:
- The Kola Nuclear Power Plant project was based on the construction projects of power units No. 3 and No. 4 of the Novovoronezh NPP.
- During construction, we had to change designs several times, because... operation of equipment at extremely low northern temperatures required special approach and adjustments to the design documentation.
- The first stage of construction (power units No. 1 and No. 2) was completed in 4 years, which is quite fast by the standards of nuclear power plant construction.

Photo 4.

In June 1973, the first power unit of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant was launched. In December 1974, the Kola Nuclear Power Plant was put into operation nuclear reactor №2.

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant has slow neutron water reactors VVER-440. Their total capacity is 1760 MW. The third power unit of the nuclear power plant was connected to the system in 1983, the fourth - in 1984.

Photo 5.

So, we arrived at the power plant. I’ll say right away that they were allowed to film very little and they strictly monitored it. In fact, if windows were in the shooting angle, filming was prohibited. All transitions between workshops are prohibited from filming. Employee screening procedures - filming is prohibited. Two security officers walked with us, who steadily monitored the implementation of instructions and regulations. Because of this, the photo and video report itself may seem somewhat ragged in content.

Of course, I assumed that employees go through a lot of safety procedures and diagnostics of infection, but I didn’t think so much. Frankly, I was more tired of following the instructions themselves than of inspecting the station.

It all started with the fact that we changed into work clothes and put on blue helmets.

We passed the control point and checked documents from the station hall. By the way, there are interesting automatic booths there - if you go there and have some kind of jamb with documents, you won’t be able to escape from there and will be locked. Employees are checked using passes and fingerprints. The equipment is all modern, but imported. This was already the third point where they checked our permissions and documents, and we had only just passed the front entrance. Very strict rules.

We head to the engine room.

So we enter the machine room. This is the area around turbines that convert the thermal energy of steam into electrical energy. They are indicated by the number 3. And at the bottom of the hall there are various mechanisms, capacitors, pumps.

This is the second circuit of the reactor and everything here is completely non-radioactive and everything is safe. Employees wear a helmet and regular work clothes and do not undergo any further processing.

This is what the hall itself looks like. Costs loud noise from the operation of turbines, therefore earplugs are a mandatory element of equipment. There is nothing superfluous in the room. There is order everywhere and nothing is lying around anywhere. Note. But this is a huge enterprise with a bunch of mechanisms and units.

A lot of pipes and very few people. It feels like there is simply no one here. Everything itself makes noise and hums.

Photo 10.

In fact, having walked through the entire machine room, we met at most a couple of people passing by.

Photo 11.

By the way, this is one of them.

Photo 12.

There are a lot of measuring instruments. When I asked why almost everything was analog and not digital, they answered that it was a matter of reliability. I would like to dig deeper into this topic.

Photo 13.

Here is the plaque on the turbine - it has been in operation since 1970.

Photo 14.

However, of course, a lot of things are being modernized. IN in general terms- only the reactor vessel remained untouched by modernization, and this is because this is physically impossible. There will be more interesting information about the building later.

Photo 15.

Actually, there is nothing directly spectacular - pipes, pipes, arrows, pipes. Still, they expect that right in front of them they will begin to change the rods with uranium in nuclear reactor. Of course, when everything works, everything is very modest, not counting the size.

Photo 16.

As we already know, there are 4 reactors at a nuclear power plant. Accordingly, there are 2 control panels, on which are the head of the unit (1,2,3,4) and the head of the entire shift of the nuclear power plant. The engineers on duty are also there.

We went to the control panel of reactor units 1 and 2.

What can you ask the shift manager? Of course, about the accidents that he had on his shift. They didn’t tell us anything serious, except that there was an overload in the network due to an accident on the power lines. It was necessary to reduce the power of the station.

Photo 18.

It is in this circle that the locations of the rods in the core are shown.

Once again you pay attention to the abundance of analog instruments and indicators.

Photo 21.

Photo 22.

We move to the reactor hall.

Photo 23.

But who is responsible for safety at the station itself - ALL who work and are there!

Photo 24.

To get into the reactor hall you need to change clothes again, and completely up to underwear and shoes.

So before this we must go through the security control post (the guy with the machine gun checks passports and documents again) and the radiation control post. Everyone working at the station and passing through this post to the computer room receives two individual dosimeters. The first one accumulates the radiation received and upon exiting it is left in such a cell.

Photo 25.

And the second one shows how much radiation you received during your visit to the station in this shift, and each time it is handed over to the post for control.

Photo 26.

We passed this corridor with UV lamps.

We changed our helmets and completely changed our clothes, down to our underwear, socks and shoes.

Just imagine, employees do this all the time. Even to go out for lunch you need to go through all this, and then when you go out you must also take a shower and do 2 checks for infection in automatic booths.

Photo 28.

This is not our photo, but this is how we were dressed:

Photo 29.

And here it is - the reactor lid.

Under this cover there is such a reactor:

Photo 31.


Photo tnenergy , Shown here is the installation of a VVER-440 vessel at the third unit of the Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant in Slovakia. This all happens on September 7, 2010

The hall actually looks very deserted.

Photo 32.

There's a lot on the floor graphic images and everything is covered with sheets of metal. The unremarkable ceiling actually withstands a plane crash.

Last year it was reported that specialists from the Kola NPP (a branch of the Rosenergoatom Concern) and specialized organizations carried out a unique set of works to restore the physical and mechanical properties of the metal of the reactor vessel, which change during operation due to radiation exposure - annealing the reactor vessel of power unit No. 1.

During the annealing process, the metal of the reactor vessel is slowly heated to 475 degrees Celsius. Then it is kept at this temperature for 150 hours and then gradually cooled.

Earlier in 2016, metal samples (so-called templates) were cut out from the reactor vessel and annealed in laboratory conditions on the territory of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" to determine its actual state.

In parallel, JSC OKB Gidropress is working to substantiate the possibility of extending the life of the reactor vessel using the results of template studies carried out by the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute. Based on the results of strength calculations, JSC OKB Gidropress will give an opinion on the possibility and conditions of the extension.

Photo 33.

Rack for storing assemblies.

Photo 34.

Cases for fuel assemblies are stored here.

Photo 35.

All this is located right in the hall and has no danger. Personal dosimeters showed everything at zero.

Photo 36.

After leaving the reactor hall, we must undergo automatic radiation monitoring of our feet and palms. Well, maybe they touched just about anything or stomped on where they shouldn’t have!

And all over the station there are very funny slogans:

Photo 38.

By the way, back in 2006, the Kola Nuclear Power Plant acquired its own complex for processing liquid radioactive waste. After processing them using the Kola Nuclear Power Plant method, only a non-radioactive salt alloy remains, which they have not yet learned how to use further. It is stored on the station premises in large metal barrels.

By the way, such a complex is the only one in the world!

Let's first go to the control panel of this complex:

Photo 39.

Look how modern it is here in terms of equipment, information stands and instruments.

Photo 40.

Process control.

But here they are, the barrels themselves containing solid waste, which now pose no danger.

Photo 42.

So, this complex is designed to remove liquid radioactive waste accumulated over the years of operation of nuclear power plants from storage tanks, clean them and transfer them to a safe state. The final product of the processing of bottom residues - salt melt - does not belong to the category of radioactive waste and in the future can become the starting material for the extraction of useful chemical compounds.

Photo 43.

Here is a carousel below, on which there is still an empty barrel, which will soon be filled.

Then this barrel is lifted onto the platform with these claws and a lift.

But I didn’t find out what this protective plate is for, but it looks very reliable :-)

There are markings everywhere on the floor.

Photo 48.

We leave the hall and also check for contamination. I touched these salts in a barrel - the indicators showed everything at zero.

Photo 49.

And this is what the assembly of the reactor rod looks like.

Photo 50.

It is interesting that the Kola Nuclear Power Plant can be called the most sporting nuclear power plant in Russia. And that's why:

1,700 people out of 2,500 station workers are involved in amateur sports. This is more than 2/3 of the entire state. Among them there are also professionals, mostly masters of winter sports. Some employees even go to Russian championships. The station has its own swimming pool, ice rink and gym.
- Back in the 1990s, the Kola Nuclear Power Plant opened its own ski resort “Salma”. The ski slope has become a resort destination. Athletes from Japan and China often even come there to train. Competitions in 16 sports are held annually among station employees. Athletes from other nuclear power plants also come to these competitions.
- Kola NPP has its own hockey and football teams.
- For the benefit of the people, the Kola Nuclear Power Plant produces drinking water, which is cleaned in a separate workshop with a filtration system that was invented at the station. The water workshop produces 250 bottles of sparkling water per hour.

And further...

Considering that water from the secondary circuit of the reactor is discharged into the reservoir, they decided to build a Trout Complex on Imandra to demonstrate the safety of this process. As we remember, trout live only in absolutely clean water, therefore it will simultaneously be an indicator of the safety of water discharged by the nuclear power plant, and will also be an additional source of income for the enterprise.

This is the only farm in the region where you can grow fish. all year round. The warm waters of the nuclear power plant's discharge channel provide trout with resort-like living conditions. The trout here grows quickly, is full-bodied, meaty, and the Murmansk markets now sell fish from Imandra. Sturgeon on Imandra are exotic from the Kola North. Considering that the resource warm waters on the territory of the region is limited by the discharge canal of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant; no one else can repeat this experience. Siberian sturgeon appeared on the Imandra trout farm seven years ago.

Photo 52.

Sturgeon and trout are bred in these cages. Sturgeon have been growing in this cage since 1992. Look how huge it is already. Yes, it is used to produce black caviar.

The rest of the cages contain trout. These are essentially pens covered with mesh that are organized right on the water surface. The fish lives in the running water of the lake.

Photo 53.

Trout. The company is quite profitable and is constantly expanding and developing.

Photo 54.

The nuclear power plant discharges warm water, look at the steam coming out. As far as I remember, they said that the water in the lake is now +11 degrees in winter.

Unfortunately, we weren’t able to try fish and caviar :-(

I would like to note that the tour of the Kola Peninsula took place with the support of Rostourism, the government of the Murmansk region and Odnoklassniki.ru
Thanks a lot, everyone.