How to treat a staph infection in the nose. Treatment of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in the nose. How is the infection transmitted?

September 2, 2015

Symptoms of having staphylococcus in the nose

Often the presence of bacteria in the nasal cavity does not manifest any special symptoms. But favorable factors help staphylococcus develop pathologies. Symptoms of having a pathogen will vary depending on the disease it causes.

General symptoms of the presence of staphylococcus:

Heat;
General malaise, signs of intoxication of the body;
Formation of redness near the nose;
Skin irritation in the form of rashes, pustules.

If Staphylococcus aureus contributes to the onset of inflammation in paranasal sinuses ah, for example, developing sinusitis, then the above symptoms will be accompanied by signs of this disease: nasal congestion, copious secretions, swelling of the mucous membrane, formation of purulent exudate in the maxillary cavities. As the disease progresses, it will cause additional pathological changes and intense pain in the face and eyeballs.

Staphylococcus often causes chronic runny nose. Symptoms of the disease include a stuffy nose and frequent mucus discharge in moderate quantities. An exacerbation of rhinitis will be accompanied by copious exudate with purulent inclusions.

If the bacterium causes atrophy of the mucous membrane, then the patient begins to experience swelling of the nasal cavity, which is accompanied by itching, dryness, and loss of smell. As a result of atrophy of the soft tissues lining the nasal canals, the lumen of the nasopharynx passages in patients significantly expands.

When affected by staphylococcus frontal sinuses frontal sinusitis develops. Patients develop severe headaches, which are more disturbing in the forehead area, especially when tilting the head. The patient gets tired quickly and may experience dizziness. In the morning, mucus with purulent exudate is secreted abundantly. At night, headaches worsen due to the horizontal position of the body.

The main sign of the appearance of staphylococcus in a child’s nose is a rash. If the infection is not destroyed, then over time the golden microbe will affect other organs of the baby. First there is a failure in functionality gastrointestinal system which causes symptoms such as bloating, colic, severe pain. Because the children's body cannot yet cope with serious pathogens, then, unlike adults, severe inflammatory processes are more common in children due to staphylococcus.

Staphylococcus is especially dangerous for recently born children. Such kids negative impact infection causes intestinal colic and the appearance of pustules, which long time cannot heal.

The vigorous activity of staphylococcus contributes to its resistance to the body’s defenses; it easily withstands attacks immune cells. Inflammation in the nasal cavity, accompanied by purulent discharge, provokes disruption of the functioning of other organs. Part purulent discharge descends into the digestive organs, which causes diseases such as gastritis, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cystitis, etc.

Most of all like this negative consequences People who have an unhealthy diet, often experience stressful situations, or have other diseases that require the use of medications are susceptible. In such cases, the person’s functionality is greatly reduced. immune systems s, which contributes to the development of serious diseases.

The most common diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus are:

Omphalitis is inflammation of the umbilical wound. With staphylococcus near the navel, a strong inflammatory process begins, causing swelling of the skin, redness, and the appearance of pus. In such cases, the wound is lubricated with brilliant green, Vishnevsky ointment.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the eyelids. Accompanied by swelling and redness of the eyelid, pus may appear. Potassium permanganate and Albucid are used in treatment.
Enterocolitis is damage to the intestines. The disease is accompanied by abnormal bowel movements, painful sensations, nausea and vomiting. Antibiotics and agents to restore intestinal microflora are used for therapy.
Sepsis is an infection of the bloodstream. As a result of the spread of staphylococcus from the source of infection, a person may be affected various organs. Treatment takes a very long time, sometimes with little success.

Diagnostics

To examine the nasal mucosa for the presence of pathogenic microflora, it is necessary to take a smear for bacterial culture. Determination of the pathogenicity of a microorganism is carried out by inoculating a culture on a sample taken using a smear.

Treatment of staphylococcus

Therapy is carried out when a pathogenic microorganism begins to provoke inflammation in the nasal mucosa. But the difficulty is that the infection has developed resistance to penicillins. And its active reproduction is always associated with a decrease in the patient’s immunity.

In addition, even those antibiotics to which Staphylococcus aureus no stability, cannot be used for a long time. This may contribute to the emergence of a super-resistant strain of bacteria. And the wrong choice of antibacterial agent has reverse action treatment - the infectious pathogen begins to spread to other organs of the patient and intensifies its negative impact.

Incomplete treatment of the bacteria can cause complications: osteomyelitis, meningitis, sepsis, ulcers, etc. Therefore, even before starting therapy, a smear is taken from the patient and the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to certain antibiotics is determined.

The following drugs are often used to treat infection:

Ceftriaxone;
Amoxiclav;
Oxacillin;
Ofloxacin, etc.

For skin pustular rashes, use brilliant green. Bacteriophages that neutralize staphylococci are also used.

Additionally, immunomodulators are prescribed, vitamin complexes, normalize diet and reduce the number of working hours.

Traditional methods of treatment

There are recipes from alternative medicine that help cope with such negative factors:

Low immunity - you can use echinacea tincture and take ascorbic acid, rosehip tea, apricots;
Pustules in the nose - inhale vinegar vapor (add 70 ml to water), instill burdock decoction into the nose, use comfrey infusion;
Severe disease - drink mumiyo solution for 2 months (0.5 g dissolved in a glass of water and drink 50 ml before meals).

Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose

Currently, doctors have already learned how to fight such a pathogenic infection as Staphylococcus aureus. Now the degree of neglect of the disease is not as important as before, but still this bacterium continues to be dangerous to human life. Therefore, it is better to do everything necessary measures, so as not to become infected with staphylococcus, than to destroy the pathogenic infection for a long time.

Preventive measures must be taken by every person. Doctors recommend separate activities for each group of people:

Healthy people and children

The main task of all people who feel healthy and invulnerable to various infectious pathogens is to constantly maintain strong immunity. To do this you can do physical exercise, walk on fresh air, eat rationally, get enough sleep and get enough rest.

It is also important to maintain personal hygiene, washing your hands before eating and especially after contact with people who have pustules on the skin. To increase the skin's resistance to bacteria, it is necessary to wipe the body with a damp towel and wash more often in the shower or bath. Be sure to use soap.

Pregnant women

If you get sick with Staphylococcus aureus a common person, then it can be easily cured using common effective drugs. But pregnant women need special approach to the therapy of infectious diseases. Therefore, bacterial infection in them should be eliminated in severe cases.

To prevent infection of a pregnant woman’s body, it is necessary to take the following preventive measures:

Rinse regularly nasal cavity or throat at the first signs of a viral infection;
Clean the room, do frequent wet cleaning;
Ventilate the room, wash clothes on time;
Take tests prescribed by the doctor;
Get examined by an ENT specialist, dentist, or family doctor.

Pregnant women need to choose clothes in which the body can breathe freely. Fabrics should not cause sweat; it is better to wear natural materials. Any skin irritation or diaper rash can provoke the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus. It is especially important to keep the skin in the breast and nipple area clean and dry.

Newborn babies

Everyone knows that babies should not be shown to people until they are 3 months old. This is not a superstition, but to protect the child from infection. If a newborn becomes infected with staphylococcus, it will be very difficult to cure him at that age.

It is important to remember that you cannot kiss the baby, so as not to transmit the infection to him. Children are bathed in a bath with string or chamomile, and then wiped dry. You should take special care of skin folds. Good parents They will wipe all folds with a dry towel, and then apply sterile oil, which will prevent skin irritation.

The child's room should always be clean. Before picking up your baby, you need to wash your hands well. You should also visit your pediatrician regularly.

Video - Staphylococcus in the nose:

Nowadays, 27 species of staphylococci have been discovered, 14 of which have been found on human skin and mucous membranes. Only 3 types of these microbes cause disease. The most dangerous is Staphylococcus aureus.

This is a gram-positive bacterium that has a spherical shape and a characteristic golden color. Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is the main cause of chronic rhinitis (runny nose) and sinusitis.

Symptoms

Many people are not even aware that they have a staph infection. The disease is detected by taking a smear from the nasal mucosa. The main criterion for a correct diagnosis is the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the smear. At the same time, patients' body temperature rises and redness of the skin in the nose area appears. In children, the main symptom of the appearance of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is the appearance of a rash.

If left untreated, the child may be affected by other systems and organs. There may be a malfunction in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike an adult, a child is more susceptible to the appearance inflammatory processes in organs and tissues. Therefore, the disease must be treated. If symptoms of the disease appear, consult a doctor so that he can prescribe the necessary treatment.

Factors contributing to the development of the disease:

irresponsible use of antibiotics;
hypothermia;
long-term use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops;
presence of viral etiology;
poor level of adaptation of the child to the external environment.

How to treat the disease

How to treat staphylococcus in the nose? Treat the disease only after detecting Staphylococcus aureus in the nose with bacteriological method. The resulting smear is sent to the laboratory to ensure that the diagnosis is correct. The collected material must be delivered to the clinical laboratory within 2 hours. If staphylococcus is detected in the smear, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

For treatment, a number of specific circumstances are taken into account:

Staphylococcus is resistant to certain types antibiotics.
In case of incorrect selection antibacterial drugs a resistant strain of staphylococcus may appear.
Incorrect treatment leads to various complications (osteomyelitis, intestinal intoxication, endocarditis, meningitis, sepsis).

The most common medicine used for Staphylococcus aureus is a solution of chlorophyllipt. To sanitize the nasal cavity, a 1% alcohol solution of this drug is used.

Apply 4 drops into the nose three times a day; treatment is needed for 7-10 days. For complications, antibiotics are used: ceftriaxone, amoxiclav, ofloxacin, dicloxacillin, vancomycin. Brilliant green is used to eliminate pustular lesions on the skin. To boost immunity, immunomodulators are prescribed. It is not recommended to treat staphylo coccal infection at home.

Staphylococcus in pregnant women and newborns

If a pregnant woman is found to have this infectious disease, then treatment is carried out only in emergency cases. Antibiotics enter the baby's body through the placenta and have a detrimental effect. Therefore, it is better to prevent this disease.

To do this, during pregnancy, follow various preventive measures:

Carefully monitor the cleanliness of your living space or work area.
Wash your clothes in a timely manner and ventilate your room.
Consult your doctor in a timely manner and take the necessary tests.
Be sure to get examined by a therapist, dentist and otolaryngologist.

To protect your child from staphylococcal infection, it is necessary to maintain hygiene in the baby’s room, regularly ventilate the rooms, keep your hands clean, and take your baby to the doctor in a timely manner. Staphylococcus in a child is very difficult to treat, so treat your baby with care.

If your child develops symptoms of a staphylococcal infection, consult a doctor immediately. Carry out a bacteriological analysis (nasal swab). Do not try to treat yourself! With the correct prescription of medications, you will get rid of this disease in 7-10 days.

Useful video about staphylococcus in the nose

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common microorganisms. More than 30 species are known. It is classified as a permanently inhabiting (saprophytic) microflora, which, under certain favorable conditions, becomes pathogenic (capable of causing a pathogenic process). It is often found in completely healthy people. Then the question arises: is it worthwhile to carry out a course of antimicrobial therapy or not to undertake drug intervention.

Characteristics of staphylococcus

The microorganism is a gram-positive bacteria. It has a pigment that gives them a golden color. In the external environment it is resistant to the action of the sun, viability remains for several hours. It is stable when dried and frozen (stored for more than 6 months), lives in dust particles from 60 to 110 days. Sensitive to a 5% phenol solution - dies after half an hour.

Boiling kills instantly, 80°C - in 10-30 minutes, and at a temperature of 65-70°C, viability remains for about an hour. It is well neutralized by aniline dyes - ordinary brilliant green (brilliant green). Therefore, when dealing with cuts or scratches, it is always recommended to treat damaged skin.

Out of 100 clinically healthy people, 50 people are permanent or temporary carriers of staphylococcus. More often, children, pregnant and lactating women, as well as elderly people are susceptible to pathogenic effects - anyone who has a decrease in immune status. Then the disease develops. The bacterium poses a particular danger to sick people. diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure or HIV infection.

Mostly, clinical significance has Staphylococcus aureus. Saprophytic and epidermal are much less likely to cause the development of diseases.

The favorite place of localization of coccal infection is the vestibule of the nasal cavity and the nasal mucosa. Additional habitats are the laryngeal mucosa, skin armpits, perineum and scalp.

Bacterial carriage poses a threat to others, especially if it is detected among medical staff or food service workers. In the latter case, a massive toxic infection of many people may occur when a pathogenic microbe is released into the external environment from just one source of the pathogen.

Staphylococcal infections are common in intensive care wards, maternity hospitals and post-operative units. In this case, the main reason is one of the medical staff. It is very important to start treatment right away.

How can you get infected?

Common ways:

medical institutions;
beauty salons piercing, tattoo.

Routes of entry into the body:

Aerogenic or airborne - penetration of bacteria occurs through the respiratory system. It is released into the external environment from the bacteria carrier when sneezing, coughing, or talking.
Nutritional or food - infection is facilitated by food contaminated with a pathogenic microorganism. A sign of a staph infection is food poisoning.
Contact - often noted when the pathogen is transmitted from doctors to patients during medical procedures (lack of sterile gloves, masks). Also when the wound surface comes into contact with the source of the pathogen.
Intrauterine.
While breastfeeding.
Artificial or artificial - occurs during manipulations that violate the integrity of the integument or when diagnostic study using infected tools.

Staphylococcal bacteria are quite resistant to antiseptics, so conventional treatment with drugs is often insufficient. High-quality sterilization of materials and instruments is necessary.

Signs of staphylococcus in the nose:

Staphylococcus aureus is the culprit of furunculosis, dermatitis, eczema, pneumonia and meningitis, appendicitis, blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids) and osteomyelitis. Some diseases caused by this infection are quite life-threatening.

Sources of infection:

exogenous (external) - sick people, animals, infected environment and objects;
endogenous - the person himself (an example of autoinfection).

Hypothermia, frequent stress, inadequate sleep (constant fatigue of the body), long-term use contribute to the development of staphylococcal infection. antibacterial agents without any need - cytostatic agents and hormonal drugs, as well as vasoconstrictor nasal drops and sprays during acute respiratory infections. All this leads to a decrease in general and local cellular immunity.

Treatment

An opportunistic microbe leads to the development chronic diseases: sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses), rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa), adenoiditis, tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils).

In order to find out whether there is an infection on the mucous membranes, it is necessary to take a nasal swab and conduct a bacteriological culture. In this case, its sensitivity to different groups antibiotics. Before laboratory testing, you should refrain from using nasal drops to prevent the microflora from being washed away. The result will be known in 3-5 days and it will become clear how to treat staphylococcus in the nose.

Treatment of infection includes three areas:

Antimicrobial therapy is the systemic use of antibiotics, which affects the entire body. Cefatoxin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxiclav, Ofloxacin are often used. Don't use antibiotics penicillin series, due to the developed resistance of staphylococcal bacteria to them.

Important! To prevent the development of drug resistance, you should use medications prescribed by your doctor, strictly adhering to the dosage and treatment regimen.

Local use of antibacterial agents - 2% nasal (in the nose) ointment "Bactroban" based on mupirocin. The drug is applied in a small amount (about the size of a match head) to the nasal mucosa (anterior sections) of each nasal passage 2 times a day for 5-7 days. The method has undergone clinical trials and is recommended for the treatment of staphylococcus. Moreover, there is scientific evidence confirming the disappearance of coccal bacteria not only in the nose, their favorite place of localization, but throughout the entire nasopharynx.
The latter method is rarely used and is not entirely safe. It is at the stage of study and refinement. Its essence lies in the artificial introduction into human body a “useful” type of coccus that does not cause harm and replaces pathological microorganisms.

The use of mupirocin against staphylococcus is effective in cases of increased sensitivity of the latter to drugs of the oxacillin series and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. According to clinical research after a one-week course of treatment a month later, 94% of carriers remained eradicated (complete degree of destruction). After six months - in 75% and 60% - after 9 months of treatment.

In rare cases, with individual hypersensitivity To many medications (1 out of 63), it is possible to develop an allergic reaction in the form of redness of the facial skin, itching.

Intranasal ointment containing chlorhexidine and flucloxacillin does not have a lasting therapeutic effect.

In addition, it is mandatory to use:

Immunomodulators and bacterial lysates (“Cycloferon”, “Gepon”, “Immunal”, “Immunoflazid”, “Timalin”, “IRS 19”, “Broncho-munal”, “Imudon”, etc.)
vitamin and mineral preparations;
antihistamines (anti-allergic) - to eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane (Cetrin, Tavegil, Zirtek);
symptomatic remedies to eliminate secondary symptoms(“Chlorophyllipt”, “Staphylococcal bacteriophage”).

If there are large pustules of the skin around the nose (in difficult cases) you should consult a doctor. They may need to be opened in a hospital setting to avoid the spread of infection.

Important! Before you start using antibacterial agents on your own, you should consult your doctor. Their use is not always necessary.

Drug dosage regimen

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose rarely requires the use of antibiotics. Enough application local funds. It is not recommended to carry out frequent sanitation of the nasal cavity unless necessary. Excessive procedures disrupt the balance of beneficial and pathogenic microflora on the surface, which leads to the growth of pathogens.

Repeated examination (bacterial culture) takes place 30 days after the completed course of treatment.

Prevention

Preventative measures are quite simple and include:

compliance with the rules of personal and general hygiene (cleanliness of the home, clean hands, washing vegetables and fruits);
nutritious and high-quality nutrition (especially for homemade dairy and meat products);
strengthening and increasing the body's defenses (hardening, frequent walks, active lifestyle);
periodic preventive examination by a doctor and, if necessary, laboratory test nasal swabs.

If desired, rooms are quartzed once a month according to the generally accepted preventive procedure.

It is possible that the above recommendations will not eliminate staphylococcus in the body, but their implementation will significantly reduce the likelihood of the bacteria becoming pathological. Staphylococcus aureus is an inhabitant of the normal microflora in the human body, so its detection does not always indicate the presence of a pathogenic process in a person.

Often people turn to ENT specialists with complaints of discomfort in the nose or throat, and after a series of tests and studies, staphylococcus may be detected in their nose.

This is a bacterium that is called the "killer" for the reasons that it hides very well and is very difficult to destroy. What is it, what danger does it pose and what specific symptoms are this infection characterized by?

What is staphylococcus in the nose: symptoms

Almost all staphylococci, with the exception of Staphylococcus aureus, are gram-positive opportunistic bacteria, that is, those which are constantly present on the mucous membranes and skin person , but cause the development of diseases only when favorable conditions are created for their reproduction.

In general, there are more than 20 types of staphylococci, but the most common are:

Epidermal.

Such microorganisms prefer to live exclusively in a humid environment, so they mainly affect the epidermis (upper layer of skin and mucous membranes) of the genital and ENT organs.

Saprophytic.

The bacterium usually settles in the organs of the genitourinary system. Hemolytic.

It differs from other representatives of the class in that its virulence (ability to cause diseases) increases when it penetrates the blood. Golden or, as is often called, golden staphylococcus(Staphylococcus aureus). The most dangerous representative of this group of bacteria, since it is capable of causing the development of extremely life-threatening diseases. Its favorite habitat is the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, from where it eventually penetrates the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body.

However, it is difficult to call this an infection, since staphylococci in larger or smaller quantities constantly live in the body of every person, and for the first time settle on the mucous membranes and skin literally immediately after birth.

Therefore, such an infection is diagnosed only when the number of microorganisms exceeds the norm, which is observed against the background of a weakened immune system. This may result in:

sore throat;
pharyngitis;
tonsillitis;
stomatitis;
gingivitis;
sinusitis, etc.

Most often, the reasons for this lie in:

weakened immunity due to various diseases;
stress;
poor nutrition;
untimely treatment of teeth affected by caries;
long-term use of vasoconstrictor sprays, corticosteroids, cytostatics, etc.

Thus, there are a lot of factors that contribute to what causes staphylococcal infection. Moreover, due to physiological characteristics and natural decrease in immunity, these bacteria often become hostages:

pregnant women;
aged people;
children;
people suffering from immunodeficiencies;
patients who have undergone chemotherapy;
patients undergoing long-term treatment in hospitals.

During their life, bacteria produce toxins and enzymes that poison the body and destroy cells. Moreover, how the disease manifests itself directly depends on the specific type of bacteria that has managed to multiply and infect the ENT organs.

However, the main signs of infection make themselves felt most clearly:

formation of purulent wounds in the nose area (not always);
long-term preservation elevated temperature bodies;
congestion;
redness of the mucous membrane in the nasopharynx;
, not amenable to treatment with traditional means;
nausea, vomiting, headaches, that is, signs of poisoning.

Despite the seemingly harmless manifestations of the infection, it cannot be ignored, because it can lead to the development of:

meningitis;
pneumonia;
phlegmon;
sepsis, etc.

Source: website Therefore, when identifying an excessive number of staphylococci, it is necessary to remember how dangerous the microbe is and immediately begin treatment, which will be aimed at eliminating the cause of its increase and eliminating signs of illness.

At the same time, any self-medication is unacceptable, since it can significantly aggravate the situation and provoke the development of resistance in pathogenic microorganisms to most modern drugs. Then it will be much more difficult to cope with the infection.

Nasal and throat swab for staphylococcus

To diagnose the disease, a swab is taken from the throat and nose to check for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and also perform a blood test. There is no need to be afraid of the research, because the way the samples are taken does not cause the patient any pain.

For this purpose sterile cotton swab carried out along the internal surfaces of the nasopharynx. The rinsing from it is sown on nutrient media, that is, an in vitro analysis is carried out (in a test tube).

After several days, the grown colonies are assessed by the nature of the edges and surface, size, color and quantity, since each type of microorganism is characterized by the formation of colonies with strictly defined parameters.

It is worth noting

If a culture from the throat and nose shows staphylococcus, laboratory assistants immediately assess the sensitivity of the detected microorganisms to various antibiotics.

This is extremely important, since today, due to the frequent and unjustified use of antibacterial drugs, many pathogens are resistant to them.

Therefore, if staphylococcus is found, the study allows you to immediately determine which medicine will give the maximum result in each specific case.

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose and throat

Thus, how to treat an infection in each special case Moreover, therapy is started only when the normal indicators number of microorganisms, and the norm is 10 to the 3rd power.

But this is true for all types of these microorganisms, except Staphylococcus aureus. If it is detected, even in minimal quantities, treatment begins immediately.

Let us note once again that any self-medication is unacceptable because:

bacteria quickly become insensitive to the action of antibiotics;
incorrect dose selection and untimely interruption of the course of antibiotic therapy leads to the development of resistance in microbes;
an irrational choice of drug will entail the suppression of other types of microorganisms that inhibit the proliferation of bacteria, which will result in their active reproduction;
an erroneous combination of medications leads to the development of complications, intoxication, etc.

Therefore, only a competent specialist can decide how to get rid of the infection.

In the vast majority of cases, treatment is carried out at home. Hospitalization is required only in extreme, very severe cases, when, due to the lack of timely intervention, microorganisms have affected internal organs.

Patients are prescribed:

Antibiotics.

These medications destroy all microorganisms sensitive to them. To suppress bacteria, agents based on:
ceftriaxone (Sulbatomax, Blicef, Tercef, Medaxone),
neomycin (Actilin, Neomin, Sofrana, Mycerin),
erythromycin (Erythrocin, Eracin, Ilozon),
vancomycin (Vankoled, Vanmiksan),
azithromycin (Sumamed, Azitral, Hemomycin),
cephalexin (Ospexin, Keflex, Flexin) and their combinations.

In the presence of a pustular rash, ointments with antibiotics are prescribed: erythromycin, tetracycline, Bactroban, Fusiderm, Baneocin and others.

In mild forms of sinusitis and some other isolated lesions of the nose and throat, drops with antibacterial compounds for topical use can come to the rescue: Bioparox, Isofra, Polydex.

Sulfonamide drugs. The main task medicines this group is to suppress the growth and reproduction of various bacteria. Therefore, patients are advised to take Ofloxacin and Unazine.

Gargles and nasal drops for staphylococcus. There are no specific pharmaceuticals in the form of nasal drops to eliminate these microbes. Nevertheless, many otolaryngologists recommend that their patients instill an oil solution of chlorophyllipt or vitamin A.

You can also often find advice to do rinsing or Chlorhexidine, as well as alcohol solution chlorophyllipt.

In case of defeat oral cavity Rinsing with these medications or furatsilin solution, propolis tinctures and herbal decoctions is indicated.

Immunomodulators. Medicines such as Immunorix, Taktivin, IRS-19, Immudon and others are designed to activate their own defense mechanisms body and thereby speed up the healing process.

Antiallergic drugs. Prescribed to eliminate swelling and developmental obstacles allergic reactions for other medications used. These include Zyrtec, Erius, Diazolin, Loratadine and others.

Vitamin and mineral complexes. The purpose of these drugs is to eliminate the deficiency of substances necessary for the body and increase immunity. Most often, patients are advised to take Alphabet and Supradin due to their high bioavailability and rich composition.

Folk remedies

It is very important for patients to drink a lot of water so that waste products and decay of microbes do not poison the body.

In some cases, patients are prescribed probiotics, for example, Bifiform, Linex, Lactovita forte and others, for recovery normal composition intestinal microflora.

But there is still heated debate about the advisability of using these drugs. Some doctors consider them useless, since almost all beneficial microorganisms die in the aggressive environment of the stomach, and the remaining ones are unable to take root on the intestinal walls.

Other experts are confident that special capsule shells protect bacteria from the action of hydrochloric acid, thereby releasing the contents dosage form occurs precisely in the intestines and beneficial microbes quickly take root.

Attention

Patients are strictly prohibited from performing any warming procedures, since local thermal effect promotes even more active growth of bacteria and their spread.

Therefore, applying, on the advice of loved ones and relatives, bags of salt, eggs and other heated objects can become cause the development of life-threatening complications.

You should not expect that therapy will lead to the complete destruction of microbes. This is only required if Staphylococcus aureus is detected.

In mild cases, 3-4 weeks are enough to normalize the number of microorganisms on the mucous membranes of the ENT organs, and all symptoms of infection usually disappear within 7 days, but the course cannot be interrupted at this point.

For the remaining 2–3 weeks, you should regularly take the medications prescribed by your doctor to consolidate the results achieved and prevent a relapse of the disease.

During the entire treatment period, analysis is carried out several times to monitor its effectiveness and, if necessary, make timely adjustments to the prescriptions.

Diet during treatment

Oddly enough, the success of the therapeutic measures largely depends on proper nutrition. It is known that for the growth and reproduction of bacteria, therefore, for the entire duration of treatment it is necessary to completely abandon:

sweets, including chocolate and confectionery;
carbonated drinks;
fast food;
ready-made breakfast cereals, etc.

all kinds of cereals;
whole wheat bread;
lots of fresh vegetables and fruits;
greenery.

Otherwise, the patients’ diet does not require correction.

Folk remedies

Any such attempts can lead to the development of complications due to the uncontrollably rapid proliferation of pathogenic microflora.

Nevertheless, with the permission of the otolaryngologist, the following folk remedies can be used as auxiliary measures:

Rosehip decoction. It is drunk twice a day, 100 ml.

A decoction of echinacea and burdock roots. Plant materials are crushed, 2 tsp. Brew the resulting powder in 4 cups of boiling water and cook over low heat for 10 minutes. The decoction is taken 200 ml three times a day.

Birch buds are taken in equal quantities, herb succession, yarrow, wild rosemary and thyme. 1 tbsp. l. The resulting mixture is poured with two glasses of boiling water and left for a couple of hours. The finished infusion is taken ½ cup 4 times a day.

Daily use is also believed to have a beneficial effect on the speed of recovery. eating 100 g of black currant and 0.5 kg of apricot.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose: treatment in adults

If a microorganism is detected, especially if it has already provoked the occurrence of certain pathologies, follows in as soon as possible contact your doctor to develop the optimal treatment regimen.

Considering the question of how to remove the infection in each individual case, the specialist will prescribe a number of medications from those listed above, recommend sticking to a diet and recommend folk remedies that are suitable for the case.

It is also mandatory to symptomatic therapy, the nature of which directly depends on what pathology has developed and what symptoms it is accompanied by.

In severe cases it may be necessary use of bacteriophages. They are specific viruses that are active against certain types of bacteria. The bacteriophage penetrates the staphylococcus cell and destroys it from the inside, without causing any harm to human tissue.

If an increase in the number of bacteria leads to the formation of large pustules on the mucous membranes of the mouth and nasal cavity, the doctor may decide to open them.

In such cases, the procedure is carried out under local anesthesia. Each element of the rash is incised, the contents are carefully removed and washed with a solution of an antibiotic selected based on the results of bacterial culture.

Staphylococcus aureus in a child's nose

The most dangerous infection is for babies in the first year of life, since due to their weak immunity, infection can lead to rheumatic changes in the body, in particular, damage to the heart and joints, as well as “scalded baby” syndrome, in which the upper layers of the skin peel off.

Therefore, if an increased number of staphylococci is detected in a baby, treatment should be started immediately, but you should be prepared for the fact that it will be long. As a rule, therapy takes 3 months, during which several breaks in taking medications are taken for up to 6 days.

Information for your information

In such situations, all family members must be examined for infection, and if a carrier is identified, both him and the child are treated simultaneously.

But how to treat the disease should be decided solely by the doctor, based on the research data obtained.

If the mouth is affected in children, especially small ones, it is not possible to rinse. Therefore, they are often replaced by wiping the mucous membranes with gauze soaked in an antiseptic solution chosen by the doctor.

Otherwise, treatment is carried out according to the same scheme as in adults, but with drugs appropriate to the child’s age. In severe cases, as well as when Staphylococcus aureus is detected in an infant, patients must be hospitalized.

Having a problem during pregnancy

All women registered for pregnancy are prescribed a smear test for staphylococcus.

Revealing high content microorganisms is a reason to begin full-fledged treatment, since the toxins released by bacteria can negatively affect the condition of the fetus.

But at the same time, each medicine for expectant mothers is selected with special scrupulousness, Moreover, they try to give preference to products for topical use.

Since the main reason why opportunistic microflora is activated in pregnant women is a decrease in immunity, they are always advised to:

walk more in the fresh air;
take vitamins;
eat well.

Thus, there are a lot of reasons why fungus appears in the nose, but at the same time it is not possible to talk about whether it is contagious. After all, every person can be a carrier of one or another type of this bacterium, without even realizing it.

In each individual case, how to cure the infection should be decided individually, and the choice of tactics and direction of therapy should be trusted only to a qualified ENT specialist, so as not to aggravate the current situation.

Staphylococcus in the nose photo: what it looks like

Increased body or local skin temperature, symptoms of intoxication along with the development various types suppuration is often talked about pathological development external bacterial microflora. The most common infectious agents are staphylococci, 3 types of which can cause dangerous diseases. At the same time, treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose requires special caution due to the increased likelihood of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics and their tendency to migrate along the mucous membrane. Another unfortunate aspect is the possibility of receiving an additional highly resistant strain at a medical facility when visiting them. Therefore, it is important to promptly contact a qualified dermatologist.

Features of the pathogen

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can only be called pathogens conditionally, since in approximately 40% of people (depending on the country of residence) they live in the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, and in almost all of them they exist on the skin. Due to high survival rate and tendency to move around soft tissues when the immune system is weakened during diseases that attack immunocompetent cells, bone marrow, or when the body is severely depleted.

As the bacteria progress, they can cause:

acne
pyoderma with residual skin erosions
furunculous changes
phlegmon
burn-like syndrome.

If the spread of the colony is not stopped at these relatively low-risk stages, then there is a high risk of:

Bacterial meningitis (caused not only meningococcal infection, but also Haemophilus influenzae or Staphylococcus aureus). In addition, it can pave the way for other pathogenic agents.
Pneumonia during the passage of the respiratory tract.
Osteomyelitis.
If it enters the heart sac, it results in endocarditis, which threatens to spread throughout the body with the onset of sepsis and toxic shock.

In all of the above cases, it is necessary to find out the cause of problems with immunity and specialized treatment. Staphylococcus aureus is not afraid of direct sun rays, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in concentrations characteristic of a conventional external preparation. Medical alcohol It is also not able to stop opportunistic microorganisms - they can withstand high concentrations of the drug for more than 10 minutes. Bacteria live next to sweat glands and are accustomed to saline solutions.

The most dangerous strains of bacteria are those capable of producing the enzyme coagulase. They are capable of not only destroying cells, but also increasing the coagulability of blood plasma.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can cause acne on the human body

How does a nasal infection occur?

According to the statistics itself common cause exacerbations are autoinfection, i.e. the disease is caused by Staphylococcus aureus that has already lived and has not previously manifested itself. This complication of the situation is facilitated by:

Immunodeficiencies and exacerbations of herpes.
Mutations of a colony of microorganisms.
Long-term chronic conditions and mental stress.
Hypothermia.
Prolonged course of viral infections.

From other people (including medical workers) microorganisms can be transmitted through:

Direct contact with objects used by another patient or carrier, or through touch.
By airborne droplets.
During medical operations and examinations (for example, bronchoscopy or gastric examinations).
At birth in a maternity hospital in case of congenital disorders of the immune system.

In case of immunodeficiency of the body, infection occurs with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that already lived in the human nose.

Symptoms associated with staphylococcal infection in the nasopharynx

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, the treatment of which can create a lot of problems, causes symptoms characteristic of a whole bunch of diseases. TO common features infectious diseases include:

Temperature increase.
Dizziness, aches and a feeling of weakness due to bacterial toxins.
Runny nose with discolored snot or nasal congestion.
Swelling of the mucous membranes, leading to difficulty breathing.
Redness of the epithelium.

More specific symptoms associated with the emergence purulent formations in the vestibule of the nose and in the mucous membrane and the appearance unpleasant odor due to cell death and accumulation of pus. Often microbes quickly reach the paranasal sinuses, causing acute sinusitis. They are characterized by localized nagging pain, extending to the forehead, infraorbital area and even teeth. The discomfort is especially aggravated when bending forward.

Staphylococci often lead to rhinitis-like conditions that progress to chronic rhinitis. The first manifestations at the stage of dry irritation last several hours and are not taken seriously by a person. They are followed by a profuse runny nose, accompanied by irritation and expansion of the mucous membranes, and sneezing and tearing often begin. This is due to the extension blood vessels, increasing their permeability to plasma and irritation of local exocrine glands. On 4-5 days at improper treatment or a pronounced weakening of the immune system, the disease turns into a mucopurulent form. With it, the snot acquires an emerald, or less often yellowish, tint due to the destruction of bacterial cells and leukocytes. If the disease lasts more than 20 days, then there is a high risk of becoming chronic.

The severity of symptoms depends on the reaction of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx. With their hypertrophy, the course is more pronounced, up to a lack of oxygen due to narrowing of the respiratory tract. With atrophy, pathological processes are less pronounced, but the ability to recognize subtle odors is reduced due to impaired nutrition of the olfactory receptors. If the patient experiences a decrease in the sensitivity of the hearing organs, the infection spreads to the auditory tubes connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear chamber, which threatens inflammation of the latter.

In addition to the direct excitation of diseases, due to the flow of pus and mucus through digestive tract pathological process creates additional loads on the activity of the glands that produce gastric juice, and specific immunocompetent cells of the gastrointestinal tract. If this is superimposed psychological stress, which provokes an increase in the production of hydrochloric acid, the risk of developing gastritis, duodenitis, colitis and other inflammatory diseases increases sharply.

Symptoms associated with staph infections may resemble those of colds

Features of treatment

Experts determine how to treat the disease after sowing a bacterial culture in the laboratory and testing its components for resistance to available antibiotics. Since one person may have several resistant to different means populations of microorganisms, then therapy may not lead to recovery, but to a bias in favor of one of the strains. However, antibiotics may be given immediately if there is a high risk dangerous complications. This practice is not popular because killing other types of microorganisms on the skin will release the mass. nutrients and will accelerate the proliferation of staphylococcus.

For an accurate diagnosis, a smear is taken, 12 hours before which it is forbidden to use toothpastes or mouth rinses. If the doctor warns that a smear will be taken from the throat area, then in the morning before the procedure you should not drink or eat food.

The easiest way to deal with ulcers located outside. They can be treated with brilliant green (“green”), since cell wall This type of bacteria is bound by aniline dyes. Therapeutic tactics and referral to the hospital should be determined by the doctor, taking into account all the risks of complications and the patient’s condition. Additionally, when treating at home or on an outpatient basis, they do everything possible to normalize the immune system and strengthen its fight against bacterial infection. For this:

The patient is transferred to bed rest.
The room temperature is maintained at 19-22°C.
Complexes of vitamins and immunostimulants are prescribed depending on violations of one or another branch of the immune system.
It is recommended to rinse your nose with dissolved chlorophyllipt, gargle and/or instill its oil solution.
In case of severe obstruction of the airways, vasoconstrictor drops are prescribed for 2-4 days.

The use of antibiotics in the form of nasal drops is not recommended, since this form of drug delivery does not ensure constant maintenance of concentration active substance. As a result, it becomes easier for bacteria to develop resistance and the patient will have to choose a different type antimicrobial drug, often more expensive. To avoid the spread of infection downstream respiratory tract It is recommended to gargle with solutions of Furacilin or Miramistin.

An antibiotic therapy regimen should only be selected by a qualified specialist. In this case, potent drugs from the lincosamide series (for example, Vancomycin), cephalosporins (Cefalixin, Cefalotin) are often selected, or a drug close to the beta-lactam group is prescribed in combination with clavulanic acid (like Flemoklav). If in a seriously ill patient the symptoms of intoxication go far, an toxoid is additionally prescribed.

Difficulties in treating patients with penicillin-resistant pathogens

Staphylococcus aureus, which is resistant to most penicillin antibiotics, was able to be treated only after the production of a modified drug, methicillin. It is not destroyed by the enzymatic systems of most strains of staphylococci. However, in the world of pharmacy and microorganisms there is a constant arms race, expressed in the gradual adaptation of microbial communities to the drugs being produced. Thus, today there are methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonies, vancomycin- and glycopeptide-resistant variants of pathogens.

Clindamycin and co-trimoxazole are used against methicillin-resistant variants in hospitals; tetracycline antibiotics can be used to treat adults. When purulent pustules that resemble blisters from burns form, therapy with mupirocin is prescribed. Additionally, treatment may be prescribed with the help of bacteriophages - viruses that attack bacterial cells. In some cases, doctors even have to use drugs containing metal salts that bind the walls of super-resistant bacteria, despite the serious side effects of this group of drugs.

Features of treatment in pregnant women

Due to the overload of the body's hormonal and immune systems during pregnancy and after childbirth, a woman becomes especially vulnerable to infection or transformation into a pathogenic form of Staphylococcus aureus. The situation for pregnant women is complicated by the impossibility or extreme undesirability of using antimicrobial pharmaceuticals that have a potential teratogenic effect (leading to fetal deformities). Therefore, it may be necessary to maintain the body until delivery or resort to treatment with bacteriophages or immunoglobulins.