What is morphological analysis of a word 5. Morphological analysis of all parts of speech

Verb parsing plan

I	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II	Initial form(infinitive). Morphological characteristics:
	A	Constant morphological characteristics:
		1	view(perfect, imperfect);
		2	repayment(non-refundable, returnable);
		3	transitivity(transitive, intransitive);
		4	conjugation;
	B	Variable morphological characteristics:
		1	mood;
		2	time(in the indicative mood);
		3	number;
		4	face(in the present, future tense; in the imperative mood);
		5	genus(for verbs in the past tense of the indicative and subjunctive mood singular).
III	Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the verb in this sentence).

Verb parsing examples

If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds(proverb).

Do you love

What are you doing?
N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
1) not perfect view;
2) non-refundable;
3) transitional;
4) II conjugation.

2) present tense;
3) singular;
4) 2nd person.

Ride

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what to do?
N. f. - ride. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect species;
2) returnable;
3) intransitive;
4) I conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the infinitive form (unchangeable form).
In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Love

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what are you doing?
N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect appearance;
2) non-refundable;
3) transitional;
4) II conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
1) imperative mood;
2) singular;
3) 2nd person.
In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Plowing has begun(Prishvin).

Started

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what did you do?
N. f. - start. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) perfect form;
2) returnable;
3) intransitive;
4) I conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
1) indicative mood;
2) past tense;
3) singular;
4) feminine.
It is a predicate in a sentence.

Morphology is a section of grammar that studies the word as a part of speech. In the Russian language there are ten parts of speech, which are usually divided into independent, auxiliary and interjections.

Morphological analysis words are carried out according to a certain pattern in a strict order. In order to parse a word into parts of speech, you need to determine:

general grammatical meaning;
morphological features (or grammatical meanings);
syntactic role.

Analysis of a word as a part of speech is both capacious and full description a separate word form, taking into account the grammatical features of its use. Each part of speech has constant and variable characteristics. When parsing, you need to be able to determine which part of speech a word belongs to, find its initial form, and identify morphological features.

Morphological analysis, an example of which is presented on our website, will help improve analysis skills.

In order to correctly perform morphological analysis of a word, you should remember the sequence and principle of analysis. So, first we should highlight general signs parts of speech, and then find specific features of this word form.

General scheme for parsing parts of speech

The plan for morphological analysis of the word is as follows:

Indicate the part of speech and its meaning, what question the word answers.
Put the word in the initial form: Im.p., singular. - for nouns, noun, singular, m.r. - for adjectives, indefinite form- for verbs (what (to) do?).
Determine constant features: common noun or proper noun, animate or inanimate, gender and declension of nouns; aspect, reflexivity, transitivity and conjugation of the verb; rank by value, degree of comparison, complete or short form at adjectives.
Characterize the form in which the word is used: for nouns, determine the number and case, for adjectives - the degree of comparison, short or full form, number, case and gender; for verbs - mood, tense, number, gender or person, if any.
The role in the sentence is to show which member the word is in the sentence: secondary or main. Sometimes it is necessary to write out a phrase and show its syntactic role graphically.

Sample morphological analysis of a noun:

There was a jug of milk on the table.

With milk - noun, with what?; subject
The initial form is milk.
Common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension
In the singular, in the instrumental case
Addition.

Our service uses the most modern technologies analysis of morphology and will be useful to those who want to learn how to do morphological analysis correctly.

Basic rules of morphological analysis

It is important to remember that the inconstant characteristics of an adjective are determined by the word to which it obeys. It should also be taken into account that the gender of verbs can only be determined in the past tense of the singular, and the person - in the present and future tense.

To determine the syntactic role, it is necessary to know the context related to the word. Thus, a noun can act as a subject, object or circumstance. An adjective attached to a noun is a modifier, and in short form it can be a predicate. The verb is always predicate. The letter е can change the meaning of the word, and the morphological analysis will be different. For example, glass (noun, plural) and glass (verb, pr.v.).

The biggest problem for students is the morphological analysis (parsing) of a word. This can be explained by the fact that parts of speech are studied over several years, and their features fly out of the head. Morphological analysis often causes difficulties for schoolchildren, which are associated with the fact that some parts of speech (for example, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions) are studied insufficiently, and after studying them, tasks to determine various grammatical features are rare. This results in students not retaining everything in their memory. morphological characteristics these parts of speech, therefore the corresponding analysis causes difficulties.

I propose to issue reference diagrams - plans for the analysis of parts of speech, and such a plan can be drawn up by the students themselves, introducing complex (at their discretion) material into them. For example, for some, the difficulty is in the criteria by which nouns are divided into inflections; for others, the concept of verb inflection is difficult.

Through repeated reference to these blanks, not only stronger knowledge is acquired, but also the skill of performing this type of analysis is developed.

I recommend that my students create special folders with this kind of materials and store one copy (whole, uncut) there, and always carry another copy with them (for example, in a textbook) cut into cards. The teacher can model the analysis plan at his own discretion, adding or removing any supporting material. I offer more full version such cards, which include such parts of speech as the word of the state category and onomatopoeic words, which are not identified by all linguists as independent parts of speech.

Students do not need to refer to different textbooks to remember many rules. This memo will be useful not only in grades 5-7, but also when preparing for exams and final revision.

Ganus Antonina Valentinovna, 30.03.2018

3498 289

Development content

1. Morphological analysis NOUN .

I. Part of speech – noun, because answers the question “ WHAT?” (case question) and designation. ITEM.

N. f. – ... ( I.p., units h.)

II. Constant signs:

proper or common noun,

animate ( V.p. plural = R.p. plural) or inanimate ( V.p. plural = I.p. plural),

gender (male, female, neuter, general (relating to both male and female genders at the same time: crybaby), outside the category of gender (noun that does not have a singular form: scissors)),

declination ( 1st(m., f. –a, -i); 2nd(m, cf. – , -o, -e); 3rd(and. -); controversial(on –my, path);

inflexible ( do not change in cases and numbers ) ,

Variable signs:

among ( units, plural),

in ... case ( I, R, D, V, T, P).

AND. Who? What? IN. Whom? What? R. Whom? What? T. By whom? How? D. To whom? Why? P. About whom? About what?

III. Syntactic role(set semantic question and underline as part of the sentence).

2. Morphological analysis ADJECTIVE .

I. Part of speech– adj., because answers the question “ WHICH?” and denotes SIGN OF AN OBJECT.

N.f. – ... ( I.p., units h., m.r..)

II. Constant signs:

Qualitative (can be to a greater or lesser extent) / relative (cannot be to a greater or lesser extent) / possessive (denotes belonging to someone).

Variable signs:

in degree of comparison (for qualitative ones);

in full ( Which?) or short ( what?) form,

in ... case (for full forms),

in...number (units, plural),

in ... kind (for the only one numbers).

III. Syntactic role

3. Morphological analysis VERB .

I. Part of speech– gl., because answers the question “ WHAT TO DO?” and denotes ITEM ACTION.

N.F. – ... ( infinitive: what's up t? what did you do t?)

II. Constant signs:

kind (perfect (that With do?) or imperfect (what to do?)),

conjugation ( I(eat, eat, eat, eat, ut/ut), II(ish, it, im, it, at/yat), heteroconjugate(want, run)),

returnable (there is -sya, -s.) / non-returnable (there is no -sya, -s),

transitive (used with a noun in V. p. without pretext)/ intransitive ( Not used with a noun in V. p. without pretext).

Non-constant features: (!!! Verbs in the indefinite form (infinitive) do not have non-constant features, since the INFINITIVE is an unchangeable form of the word)

in... inclination ( indicative: what did you do? what is he doing? what will he do? , imperative: what are you doing?, conditional: what did you do would? What did you do would?),

in ... tense (for the indicative mood: past (what did he do?), present (what is he doing?), future (what will he do? what will he do?)),

in... number (singular, plural),

in ... person (for present, future tense: 1l.(me, we), 2 l.(you you), 3 l.(he, they)); in ... kind (for past tense units).

III. Syntactic role(ask a question and underline as part of a sentence).

4. Morphological analysis NUMERAL .

I. Part of speech– number, because it answers the question “ HOW MANY?" (or " WHICH?") and means QUANTITY items (or ORDER items WHEN COUNTING).

N.F. – ... (I.p. or I.p., singular, m.r.).

II. Constant signs:

rank by structure (simple/complex/composite),

rank by value ( quantitative+ subcategory (integer/fractional/collective)/ ordinal),

Declension features:

– 1,2,3,4, collective and ordinal number skl-sya, how adj.

– 5–20, 30 skl-sya, as a noun. 3 cl.

– 40, 90, 100, one and a half, one and a half hundred when declension have 2 forms.

– thousand skl., as noun. 1 cl.

– million, billion skl., as noun. 2 cl.

– complex and compound quantitative skl-xia change every part words.

– complex and compound ordinal numerals cl-xia with change only last words.

Variable signs:

number (if any),
gender (in units, if any).

III. Syntactic role(together with the noun to which it refers) indicating the main word.

5. Morphological analysis PRONOUNS .

I. Part of speech – places, because answers the question “WHO? WHAT?" (WHAT? WHOSE? HOW MANY? WHICH?) and does not denote, but points to an SUBJECT (CHARACTERISTIC or QUANTITY).

N.F. –…(I.p. (if any) or I.p., singular, m.r.)

II. Constant signs:

category in relation to other parts of speech ( places -noun, place -adj., place. -number.)

rank by value with proof:

– personal, because decree. on the face;

– returnable, because indicating the return of the action to oneself;

– possessive, because decree. for belonging;

– interrogative, because decree. to the question;

– relative, because decree. on the relations of simple sentences. as part of a complex;

– uncertain, because decree. for unspecified items, acknowledgment, quantity,

– negative, because decree for the absence of an item, acknowledgment, quantity;

– definitive, because decree. to a generalized attribute of an object.

face (for personal).

Variable signs:

number (if any),
gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role(ask a question from the main word and underline it as a part of the sentence).

6. Morphological analysis ADVERBS .

I. Part of speech – adv., because answer to question "HOW?"(WHEN? WHERE? WHY? etc.) and means SIGN OF SIGN.

N.f. – indicate only if the adverb is of degree of comparison.

II. Constant signs:

Unchangeable part of speech.

Rank by value: modus operandi(how?) - measures and degrees(how much? to what extent?), places(where? where? from where?) – time(when? how long?), causes(Why?) - goals(Why? What for?)

)

Variable signs:

III. Syntactic role.

7. Morphological analysis CONDITION CATEGORIES WORDS .

I. Part of speech – SCS, because stands for STATE man, nature , ACTION EVALUATION and answers two questions at once: "HOW?" And “WHAT IS IT?”

II. Constant signs:

Unchangeable part of speech.

Rank by value: modus operandi(how?) - measures and degrees(how much? to what extent?), places(where? where? from where?) – time(when? how long?), causes(Why?) - goals(Why? What for?)

(Indicate, if the adverb is of pronominal type, its type: attributive, personal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative.)

Variable signs: in ... form ... degree of comparison (if any).

III. Syntactic role.

8. Morphological analysis PARTICIPLES .

I. Part of speech – pr., because resp. to the question "WHICH?" And “DOING WHAT? WHO DID WHAT?” and designation SIGN OF AN OBJECT BY ACTION.

N.f. – ... (I., unit, m.).

II. Constant signs:

real (-ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-; -vsh-, -sh-) or passive (-em-, -om-, -im-; -enn-, -nn-, - T-).

kind (perfect – that With who did? imperfect - what did he do?).

repayment (refundable – yes, irrevocable – no-sya).

tense (present: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -eat-, -om-, -im-; past: -vsh-, -sh-, -enn-, -nn-, -T-).

Variable signs:

full (which?) or short form (which?) (only for passive).

case (only for participles in full form).

number (units, plural).

gender (only for proverbs in singular).

III. Syntactic role(usually a modifier or a predicate).

9. Morphological analysis Participles .

I. Part of speech – gerund, because the answer to the question. "HOW?" and “DOING WHAT? WHAT DID I DO?” and designate additional action.

II. Constant signs:

Unchangeable part of speech.

View (perfect – what With having done?/imperfect – what by doing?).

Refundability (return - yes, non-refundable – no-sya).

III. Syntactic role(more often it happens by circumstance).

10. Morphological analysis UNION .

I, Part of speech – union, because serves for connection homogeneous members offers or simple parts in a complex sentence.

II. Signs:

Simple (one word: and, ah, but... because…).

Coordinating (they connect the OCP or PP as part of the BSC: and, too, or, however...) + group by value (connectors: And; adversative: But; separating: or). Subordinating (connecting the PP as part of the IPP: because, since, so that, as if...) + group by value ( explanatory: What, temporary: When, conditional: If, causal: because, targeted: to, investigative: So; concessionary: despite the fact that, although; comparative: as if)

Unchangeable part of speech.

11. Morphological analysis PREPOSITION .

I. Part of speech – preposition, because serves to connect the main word ... with the dependent ...

II. Signs:

Simple (one word: from, to) / compound (of several words: during, in connection with).

Derivative (moved from another part of speech: around) / non-derivative ( from, to, about…).

Unchangeable part of speech.

12. Morphological analysis PARTICLES .

I. Part of speech – particle, because . gives additional shades(which ones: interrogative, exclamatory, demonstrative, intensifying, negative ) words or sentences or serves to form word forms(which ones exactly: moods, degrees of comparison ).

II. Signs:

Discharge by value: (formative: more, let, would.../semantic: really, that's it...).

Unchangeable part of speech.

III. Not a member of the sentence, but may be part of it.

13. Morphological analysis INTERJOINTS .

I. Part of speech – intl, because expresses different feelings or encouragement to action.

II. Signs:

III. Not a member of the proposal.

14. Morphological analysis SOUND-IMITATIVE WORD .

I. Part of speech – sound/p. word, because transmits sounds of living or inanimate nature.

II. Signs: unchangeable part of speech; derivative/non-derivative.

III. Not a member of the proposal.

Certain difficulties are caused by the number 3, located above one of the words in the texts being analyzed. This is about morphological analysis word forms. Some schoolchildren do not even know the meaning of this concept. Let's consider how to do morphological analysis of a word Right. We explain the theory using accessible examples. Word analysis should be perceived as a stage of direct work on a number of linguistic concepts.

In contact with

general information

What is morphologicalword analysis? This is a definition of its constant and unstable features in order to trace how it changes in a specific sentence and in what form it is used. The science of morphology refers to the section of grammar where individual word forms or a certain set of word forms of a language are studied.

Word parsing presupposes skill analyze the form of a word, consider each word form as a part of speech, indicate its permanent and non-permanent features, function within. Analysis of the word as part of Russian speech begins with determining its meaning. If it denotes an object, then it is a noun, an action - , a sign of activity - , a quality of an object - .

There is a standard plan for morphological analysis. To parse a word without errors, strictly follow all the steps:

To determine what part of speech a given word is, you need to ask special question.
Put the word in indefinite form(N.f.) in the nominative singular.
Reveal permanent and then analyze inconsistent symptoms(changeability of the word).
Determine which member it is in the sentence.

Practice

Let's give specific examples. Let's analyze the word as a part of speech.

Noun

First, let's analyze the noun:

Option #1. Noun - chair.

What? Chair, denotes an object; noun
N. f. – I. p., units. h.-chair.
Common noun, inanimate, m.p., 2nd class.
R.p., units h.
There were two chairs, (in the sentence it is an object).

Option #2. Noun - girls

Who? girl, denotes an object, noun.
N. f. - I. p. units. h. – girl.
Common noun, animate, female form, 1st class.
R. p., pl. h.
A whole class of girls (in a sentence it is an object).

Verb

Analysis of the verb as a part of speech of an independent linguistic unit

It is also carried out in the above order:

Word #1 – Run

What to do? Run, denotes action, verb.
N.f. - run.
Imperfect, irrevocable, 2 conjugations, transitive.
Indicative mood, units. h, N.v., m.r.
The boy needs to run home. (In a sentence it acts as a predicate).

Word #2 - Have fun

What to do? have fun, action, verb.
N.f. - have fun.
Perfect form, reflexive, 1 conjugation, transitive.
Subjunctive mood, pl. h.
The kids would have fun! (In a sentence it acts as a predicate).

Important! R parsing a noun is the basis for working with other parts of speech. The definition of points 3 and 4 in the scheme is carried out according to the initial form of the word chosen for analysis. It should be taken into account that unchangeable parts of speech do not have unstable features.

When working with a verb, you should know how determine its features:

N.f is determined by the questions “what to do?” or “what to do?”;
perfect/imperfect view: if there is a letter “C” in the question, then the form will be perfect; when there is no letter, it is ness. view;
reflexivity: if there is a postfix SY,
conjugation: 1st - all words ending in EAT, OT, UT, YUT, ATE, YAT, plus two - in ITE. The 2nd conjugation includes - all verbs in IT, plus four AT, seven in ET;
transitivity, that is, the possibility of forming complements with this verb.

Adjective

Now let's talk about features of the analysis of the morphological structure of words, indicating the characteristics of objects. Adjective parsing, as a separate subtype of linguistic analysis, is carried out using a similar methodology.

curly

Which? curly, quality, adjective.
N.f. - curly.
Quality
Positive degree, full, units h., w. r., D. p.
I bow to the curly birch tree. (In a sentence it acts as a definition).

gloomy

What? gloomy, sign, adjective.
Quality
Positive degree, short, units h., m.r., i.p.
The boy was gloomy. (In a sentence it is a compound predicate).

What is needed here is the ability to determine what category does the adjective belong to?. For example, to quality you can substitute the word more, and to relative- it’s impossible, the possessive indicates a specific object of belonging, the short form answers the questions: what/s? Degrees of comparison are divided into positive, comparative - with the word more, superlative - adjectives with the suffixes VSHI, the prefix NAI.

Participle

Morphological analysis of the participle:

Writer

Which? what is he doing? writing, sign of action, participle;
N.f. - writer;
valid, nonsensical view, unreturned, present V.;
units h., m.r., I.p.;
The son was sitting in the hut, writing a letter from the front (in a sentence it functions as a definition as part of a participial phrase).

Important! We must remember that part of the properties of a participle come from the verb, and part of it comes from the adjective. The passive meaning will be if the influence of a third-party or external object is expected (a blouse washed by mother).

Adverb

Morphological analysis of the adverb is also carried out according to plan: determining the general grammatical meaning, main characteristics, functions in a specific sentence:

Fast

How? Quickly, denotes a sign of action, is an adverb. Definitive, significant. Non-permanent sign - unchangeable. The detachment walked quickly. (in a sentence it functions as an adverbial circumstance).

Participle

Morphological analysis of gerunds:

Humming

Doing what? humming, additional action, gerund;
morphologist prize - nesov. view, transition., non-return.;
Humming, he washed himself in the shower, (as a single gerund).

Important! We remember that the participle takes characteristics from the verb and adverb (immutability) and does not have a noun form, which is indicated when a morphological analysis of the noun is carried out.

The main difficulty lies in distinguishing between attributive adverbs, denoting a manner of action, measure and degree, and adverbial adverbs of time, place, attribute, absence of N.f. and inconsistent symptoms.

Morphological analysis of a noun

Morphological analysis of the verb

Conclusion

In order to avoid shortcomings in this kind of work, it is necessary to strictly follow the scheme. Word analysis, as part of linguistic tasks, requires a certain perseverance. It is necessary to carefully approach the issue of determining the partial belonging of lexemes, as well as their characteristic features.

Morphological analysis of a word is one of the most common types of analysis. To successfully pass exams in the Russian language, you need to learn how to do morphological analysis correctly.

Morphological analysis is the analysis of a word as a part of speech. The purpose of morphological analysis is to determine which part of speech a given word belongs to and prove your assumption.

If in the text you see that a certain word is marked with the number 3, then you need to do this type of analysis. Morphological analysis consists of three parts:

1. Write down the word in the form in which it is used in the sentence. Determine which part of speech this word belongs to. Put the word in its initial form.

2. List all the grammatical features of the word. Permanent signs are listed first, then non-permanent ones.

3. Indicate which member of the sentence the word is.

According to the specified plan, all parts of speech of the Russian language are analyzed. But since parts of speech have different grammatical features, the specific scheme for parsing a noun, adjective, verb and other categories will be different.

Morphological analysis of a noun

1. Designates an object. Initial form – Nominative case singular.

2. Constant features: proper - common noun, animate - inanimate, gender, declension.

Variable signs: number, case.

3. In a sentence it can serve as a subject, object, nominal part of a compound verbal predicate, definition, circumstance.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

1. Indicates a feature of an object. Initial form – nominative case male singular.

2. Constant signs: category (qualitative, relative, possessive).

Variable signs: gender, number, case. For qualitative adjectives - degree of comparison, full or short form.

3. In a sentence, it usually plays the role of a definition or a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate, but can be any member of a sentence.

Morphological analysis of pronouns

2. Constant signs: discharge.

Variable signs: gender, number, case. It is important to take into account that pronouns of different categories change differently. All pronouns have one inconsistent feature - case. Not all pronouns change by gender; for personal pronouns, number is a constant feature.

3. In a sentence, a pronoun can play any role, but most often it is the subject, object or modifier.

Morphological analysis of the numeral

1. The initial form is the nominative case.

2. Constant signs: category by value (quantitative, ordinal, collective), category by structure (simple, compound or complex).

Inconstant signs: gender, number, case, if any.

Morphological analysis of the verb

1. The initial form (indefinite form, infinitive) answers the questions “What to do?” "What to do?"

2. Constant features: aspect (perfect-imperfect), transitivity (transitive, intransitive), reflexivity (reflexive-non-reflexive), conjugation.

Variable signs: mood, tense (if any), number, person (if any), gender (if any).

3. can serve as any member of a sentence, but most often it is a predicate.

Morphological analysis of the participle

1. The initial form is the nominative singular.

2. Constant signs: voice, type, time.

Variable features: full or short form, gender, number, case.

3. In a sentence, participles most often serve as a definition.

Morphological analysis of gerunds

1. Invariable form of the verb

2. Signs of a verb: aspect, transitivity, reflexivity.

Signs of an adverb: immutability.

3. Syntactic function – circumstance.

Morphological analysis of the adverb

1. An unchangeable word.

2. Constant signs: rank by value, degree of comparison (if any).

There are no inconsistent signs.

3. In a sentence, an adverb acts as an adverb, a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate, but it can also be any other member of the sentence.

To learn how to do morphological analysis, you need to know the features of each part of speech, its grammatical features, and be able to determine the syntactic role of a word in a sentence.