Skin leiomyoma treatment. Gastric leiomyoma: causes, symptoms, treatment. Peeling for normal and mixed skin and all facial skin types

Leiomyoma (leiomyoma; from the Greek leios - smooth and mys, myos - muscle) is benign tumor, originating from smooth muscle fibers.

Leiomyomas can occur in all organs where smooth muscle fibers are present, but are more common in the uterus, in digestive tract, bladder, prostate gland and skin. Based on their origin, leiomyoma of the skin, esophagus, and intestines are considered as dysontogenetic formations, and uterine leiomyoma is a consequence of endocrine disorders.

The tumor is round in shape, clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissues; its consistency is dense, especially with a high content of connective tissue (leiomyofibroma). Leiomyoma nodes are often multiple, sizes vary from microscopic to the diameter of the head of a full-term fetus or more; on a section it is pinkish, gray-white in color with a peculiar layered pattern due to the intersection of differently located muscle bundles. Microscopically, leiomyoma is built from muscle fibers, which are somewhat larger compared to normal ones. Tumor cell nuclei are also relatively larger and richer in chromatin. In leiomyoma, muscle fibers form randomly arranged bundles, and around the vessels they are sometimes placed concentrically, in the form of couplings. There are usually few vessels; they are thin-walled, with a narrow opening; rarely leiomyomas contain a large number of dilated vessels (cavernous leiomyoma).

In long-term leiomyomas, as a result of circulatory disorders, dystrophic and atrophic changes in muscle fibers with their replacement can be observed connective tissue; the latter may undergo hyalinosis, petrification, and, less commonly, ossification. In addition, foci of necrosis and hemorrhage with the formation of cysts may occur in leiomyomas. Malignancy of leiomyoma is possible (see Leiomyosarcoma). Treatment is surgical, the prognosis is favorable.

Skin leiomyoma(synonym: myoma cutis, dermatomyoma) is usually a benign tumor of the skin, originating from the smooth muscle tissue. There are single leiomyomas of the skin, single leiomyomas of the genital organs (these leiomyomas have some structural features) and multiple leiomyomas of the skin. Histologically, all skin leiomyomas are characterized by interweaving of bundles of smooth muscle fibers with bundles of collagen tissue.

Single skin leiomyomas (synonymous with single angioleiomyomas) are formed from the smooth muscles of the venous wall; they are nodes that usually do not exceed 1 cm, less often 1.5 cm in diameter. They are located in the thickness of the dermis, protruding above the surrounding skin in the form of oval or round tumors of a pinkish-yellow color, sometimes with a brown tint. The boundaries are clear (tumors are encapsulated), the consistency is dense. Often tumors are penetrated by blood vessels. On the skin of the face and extremities, most often the upper ones, groups of movable tumors that are not interconnected can be observed. On palpation, sharp pain is observed, but it can also occur spontaneously. Paroxysmal pain develops suddenly and also suddenly disappears after 1.5-2 hours. Pain and “tension” of the tumor may increase under the influence of cold.

Single leiomyomas of the genital organs can develop on the scrotum, labia majora, and in the area of the nipples of the mammary glands. These tumors are pinkish-yellowish in color, up to the size of a hazelnut, and usually relaxed.

Multiple skin leiomyomas - no more than 0.5-0.7 cm in diameter, often tense, can be located disseminated and in groups, and are often combined with uterine fibroids. Cases of the disease in several family members have been described, as well as the development of multiple skin leiomyomas at the site of injury.

Single genital leiomyomas and multiple skin leiomyomas are not encapsulated; quantity blood vessels they contain little, the amount of collagen is usually quite significant; located in the dermis.

The course of skin leiomyoma is long, the prognosis is favorable, malignant degeneration is extremely rare. Treatment: surgical, electrocoagulation, application of carbonic acid snow.

In some cases, tumors are benign, that is, they do not pose any particular danger at the moment, but over time they can either degenerate or begin to ulcerate. One such tumor, which primarily affects the stomach, is leiomyoma.

Many patients leave the gastroenterologist’s office with a diagnosis of gastric leiomyoma. At first glance, the term looks quite scary. But if you look at it, compared to malignant tumors, it will not be so dangerous. Leiomyoma is a tumor that is formed primarily from smooth muscle tissue. Most often it reaches 2 cm in diameter, but there are cases when the size increases to five.

Such a tumor grows slowly, but, like all others, under the influence of certain factors it can quickly begin to increase in size. The main feature of leiomyoma is that it has no effect on nearby organs, that is, all of its negative impact stops only on the stomach. This happens because it is formed from its own tissues, without cell degeneration, that is, in fact, it is not foreign.

If you do not contact a specialist in a timely manner when the very first symptoms of gastric leiomyoma appear, it is possible that it will degenerate into leiomyosarcoma, which is already malignant tumor and progresses very quickly.

Causes of tumor formation

The body never simply fails, and in order for even benign tumors to begin to appear, negative factors must influence. The main reasons for the formation of leiomyomas in the stomach include:

Poor nutrition. As a result of the fact that a person eats incorrectly, mainly fatty and spicy foods, the mucous membrane begins to break down and can no longer cope with the task. In this case, a general weakening of the body occurs, which is why the smooth muscle cells on the walls of the stomach begin to grow rapidly.
Radiation. This usually includes radiation and electromagnetic radiation, which literally affects people every day. A huge amount of equipment, access systems - all this negatively affects the cells. People who often fly on airplanes are most susceptible to developing tumors, as they have to go through arches with X-ray radiation several times
Polluted air, which also pollutes the lungs, and after them all organs do not receive the amount of oxygen that they so need. In addition, particles enter the body chemical substances, which settle on the bronchi
Bacteria and viruses that penetrate the body so quickly that a person does not always have time to react and begin to fight them. And it’s good if their presence manifests itself with obvious symptoms, but most often they destroy the body asymptomatically. Thus, the stomach is negatively affected by a bacterium which, according to scientists, causes such dangerous diseases such as stomach ulcers, gastritis, and sometimes cancer
Injuries during which damage occurred internal organs, and the stomach was hurt
Weak immunity, as a result of which the body is most susceptible to negative factors. Due to reduced immunity, cells do not respond to changes in any way
Problems with hormones. Hormones pose a particular danger, namely when their levels change sharply and become either too high or too low. Under the influence of hormones, tumors can form, cells can degenerate, etc.
Inflammatory process in the stomach, namely inflammation of the mucous membrane
Smoking and. During smoking, all cells are literally saturated with nicotine, which can kill them. But alcohol gradually burns the mucous membrane
Heredity. Heredity plays a special role. If there are people in the family (close relatives) who suffered from gastric leiomyoma, then the likelihood that it will develop increases several times
Stress. Under the influence of stress, irreparable changes occur in the body, which most often affect the stomach and nervous system. Permanent nervous tension sometimes more dangerous than radiation

Typically, gastric leiomyoma develops in people over 50 years of age, since it is from this moment that the body becomes less resilient, and the cells gradually age.

Symptoms of gastric leiomyoma

The success of treatment will depend on how quickly a person notices the first manifestations of gastric leiomyoma. That is why every person should know what symptoms it will manifest. In most cases, the disease is asymptomatic, since the tumor does not have any effect on the stomach itself or other organs. But over time, ulcers may appear on it, which can cause bleeding. Symptoms of leiomyoma include:

Weakness and dizziness that appear when the tumor begins to bleed. Blood loss always leads to such symptoms, but in in this case the bleeding will not be noticeable to the person
Reducing body weight. Due to the fact that the gastric mucosa is destroyed by the impact of the resulting tumor, especially when it begins to ulcerate, a person loses weight. This happens for one reason - nutrients are not able to digest normally when there is blood in the stomach and the mucous membrane does not perform its intended functions
Anemia. Sometimes, when taking a general blood test, the doctor may notice slight anemia, which is not dangerous. But when leukocytes are present in the blood, and hemoglobin is much lower, then this a clear sign
Heartburn that occurs due to excessive throwing gastric juice from the esophagus. This happens because when ulcers appear on the tumor, the muscles weaken
Painful sensations, mainly (which occur when a person wants to eat) and at night, especially after a late meal. Often people with gastric leiomyoma wake up at night because they begin to feel pain in the stomach area. And painkillers do not always relieve pain
A chair painted in a dark color. Dark color stool is one of the very first signs that bleeding has begun in the intestines or stomach
Pale skin, which becomes so due to the loss of iron by the body, as well as due to constant weakness
Fatigue, even when a person rests as much as doctors advise

As a rule, all the above symptoms appear only when the tumor has increased so much in size that it begins to interfere with normal operation stomach. And the main danger of leiomyoma due to its asymptomatic course is the possibility of the appearance of ulcers and the onset of bleeding, which can threaten a person’s life.

Diagnosis of the disease

The Ministry of Health in our country recommends that every resident undergo an annual medical examination so that they can early stage identify problems and begin to treat them in a timely manner. But it is not always on the list of primary doctors, and even if he is there, few people will simply prescribe a procedure for a person to examine the condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

If a person suffers, then at least once every two years he will do this procedure to protect himself from the appearance of ulcers (and for control). And it is during FSH that most specialists discover leiomyomas, and by chance, because, as mentioned above, at the very beginning it does not manifest itself with any symptoms. If a person nevertheless begins to suffer from symptoms, then the attending physician will carry out the following procedures, after which an accurate diagnosis will be made:

Anamnesis collection. During the conversation, the doctor will have to find out what diseases the closest relatives had, who died from what, what complaints the patient currently has, what kind of lifestyle he leads, etc. Many questions will be asked that will help the specialist learn more about the person.
Examination of the patient. The doctor will examine his skin, stomach, check his perception of pain, etc.
Taking tests, including general analysis blood and urine, as well as feces. Based on the results of the coprogram, the doctor will be able to find out for sure whether there is bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract or not
A procedure during which the doctor will examine the condition of the mucous membrane of the stomach, esophagus, etc. and if necessary, take a biopsy
Testing for the presence of bacteria such as: Some people prefer to do a breath test, while others rely more on blood tests
An ultrasound examination, during which a specialist will be able to accurately determine whether there is a tumor or not. And also find out its approximate dimensions and location
Computed tomography, the main purpose of which will be to identify the origin of the tumor

Once the doctor has received all the results from the above procedures, he can accurately make a diagnosis. And even if his suspicions of the presence of leiomyoma are confirmed, then proper treatment the prognosis will be good.

Treatment of leiomyoma

Treatment for leiomyoma will directly depend on the size it has reached. Human sensitivity also plays a huge role. Some people live normally with a three-centimeter leiomyoma, while others experience severe discomfort with one centimeter. Basically, experts offer patients because conservative methods are unable to have the desired effect. If the tumor is small, it can be removed using an endoscope. But if its size is large, then you will have to carry out abdominal surgery, which is much more dangerous.

The choice of treatment also depends on the patient's response to medications. There are times when a person cannot tolerate anesthesia. Then an endoscopy is performed and the tumor is frozen. After removal of the tumor (by any means), the patient is prescribed drug treatment, the main goal of which is to reduce inflammatory process and reducing the risk of complications. Typically, patients are prescribed medications that will reduce the production of of hydrochloric acid, since it can further damage the already damaged surface, as well as antibiotics. prescribed when the presence of Helicobacter bacteria is detected.

Leiomyoma of the stomach, despite the fact that it is a benign tumor, can cause great discomfort to a person. Many patients, knowing that it does not spread to other organs, treat it negligently, thereby increasing the likelihood of complications (ulcers, bleeding, degeneration). But this is a big mistake, since timely treatment eliminates a long recovery period and reduces the likelihood of abdominal surgery.

You can learn more about stomach cancer from the thematic video:

Skin leiomyoma is a tumor that arises from smooth muscle cells. In rare cases, leiomyoma becomes malignant. The disease develops more often in men.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The exact reasons for the development of leiomyoma are currently unknown. There is an opinion that this disease is associated with a developmental defect and is not neoplasm (newly formed tissue). Cases of familial leiomyoma have been described, that is, it plays an important role in the development of the disease. hereditary factor.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the histogenesis, three types of cutaneous leiomyoma are distinguished:

First type. These are multiple tumors that develop from levator pili smooth muscle or diagonal muscle.
The second type of disease is genital leiomyomas. These are, as a rule, single tumors developing from the smooth muscle fibers of the scrotum or nipples.
The third type of disease (angioleiomyoma) develops from the smooth muscle fibers of the vascular walls.

Clinical picture

Rubbing clothing onto the tumors is accompanied by pain.

The main symptom of skin leiomyoma is the appearance of a spherical dense nodule. The size of the nodule can vary from the size of a millet grain to walnut. The color of the neoplasm with leiomyoma is reddish, brown or bluish.

Feature Leiomyomas are neoplasms that are sharply painful when exposed to influence (scratching, rubbing with clothing, squeezing, etc.). The pain occurs due to compression of the nerve endings by the tumor.

Intense pain with leiomyoma can be accompanied by such general reactions as decreased blood pressure, constriction of the pupils, and pale skin.

Clinical manifestations of type 1 disease

Skin leiomyomas of the first type are usually multiple. Tumors are located on the neck, face, skin of the trunk and limbs. Tumors often form in groups.

Histological examination of leiomyoma reveals a complex interweaving of smooth muscle fibers. The bundles are separated by layers of connective tissue. The cell nuclei are hyperchromic, the number of nerve fibers is increased, and the number of blood vessels, on the contrary, is reduced.

The tumor in type 1 leiomyoma is clearly limited from the surrounding dermal tissue. In the surrounding tissues, minor swelling and signs of degenerative changes may be observed.

Clinical manifestations of the second type of disease

Genital leiomyoma is a single brown-red nodule the size of large cherry. The tumor is usually painless. The histological picture is similar to type 1 leiomyoma.

Clinical manifestations of the third type of disease

Angioleiomyoma is a single tumor that slightly protrudes above the surface of the skin. The skin over the tumor can be either unchanged or red-bluish. When palpating the neoplasm, pain is felt.

Several individual tumor elements may form in a small area. Angioleiomyoma is localized, most often, on the extremities, near the joints.

Angioleiomyoma has a specific histological picture. The neoplasm consists of a complex interweaving of thin and short bundles of muscle fibers, which can be arranged randomly or in the form of concentric swirls. In tumor tissues, many cells with elongated nuclei are observed.

The tissues contain many vessels, the membrane of which directly passes into the tumor. In this regard, the lumen of the vessels has the appearance of a gap.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of leiomyoma is carried out by studying clinical picture. To confirm the diagnosis, a histological examination is necessary.

It is necessary to differentiate leiomyoma from glomus tumor and other tumor pathologies of the skin. To do this, a cold test is performed; after exposure to cold, the leiomyoma temporarily shrinks in size. When subjected to mechanical stress, “goose bumps” are formed on the skin covering the leiomyoma.

Treatment

For treatment, a surgical method is used.

Radical methods are used to treat leiomyoma - surgical excision or tumor removal using coagulation.

Surgical excision is used for large sizes leiomyomas. The operation is performed under local anesthesia, after her behavior, a small scar remains on the skin.

Thermo- and diathermocoagulation. When using these methods, the tumor is destroyed by exposure high temperature due to the impact electric current. The method is bloodless; after its application, a pigmented spot or small scar remains.

Laser destruction. When using this method the tumor is destroyed by the action laser beam, that is, under the influence of light. Such operations are usually well tolerated by patients.

Cryodestruction using liquid nitrogen. The tumor is destroyed by cold. This treatment is effective on initial stages cutaneous leiomyoma.

For multiple leiomyomas for removal pain syndrome Calcium antagonist drugs - Verapomil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem - may be prescribed.

Treatment with traditional methods

Most effective treatment leiomyomas - removal surgical methods. But if the operation is not carried out for some reason, folk remedies can be used.

Celandine ointment for the treatment of leiomyoma. You need to take the whole plant (with roots and leaves) and squeeze the juice out of it. For one part of juice, take four parts of Vaseline or baby cream. Mix well. Apply to the tumor twice a day.

Compresses from golden mustache juice. The golden mustache plant can help in the treatment of leiomyoma. Juice should be prepared from the stems and leaves and used for compresses on the tumor. Bandages should be changed once a day.

Treatment of leiomyoma with plantain. It is necessary to collect plantain leaves, mash them and apply them to the tumor. Secure the compress with a bandage. In winter, when it is difficult to get fresh plantain, you can prepare a steam from dry herbs. Leaves steamed in boiling water should be placed on a piece of bandage and applied to the tumor for leiomyoma. Keep the compress for a day, then prepare a new one. For treatment, plantain should be used that grows away from roadways.

For oral administration in the treatment of leiomyoma, it is recommended to prepare beet juice. Freshly prepared juice should be placed in the refrigerator for at least three hours. After this, treatment for leiomyoma can begin. You should drink 500 ml of juice per day, dividing this amount into 10 servings.

Prognosis and prevention

Prevention of the development of leiomyoma has not been developed. The only possible measure is careful monitoring of the condition. skin and immediately consult a doctor if tumor-like formations appear.

The prognosis for single leiomyomas is favorable, and for multiple tumors it is relatively favorable. Sometimes leiomyoma becomes malignant, degenerating into leiomyosarcoma.

leiomyoma

Leiomyoma (leiomyoma; from the Greek leios - smooth and mys, myos - muscle) is a benign tumor originating from smooth muscle fibers.

Leiomyomas can occur in all organs where smooth muscle fibers are present, but are more common in the uterus, digestive tract, bladder, prostate gland and skin. In terms of their origin, leiomyoma of the skin, esophagus, and intestines are considered dysontogenetic formations, and leiomyoma of the uterus is considered a consequence of endocrine disorders.

The tumor is round in shape, clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissues; its consistency is dense, especially with a high content of connective tissue (leiomyofibroma). L.'s nodes are often multiple, sizes vary from microscopic to the diameter of the head of a full-term fetus and more; on a section it is pinkish, gray-white in color with a peculiar layered pattern due to the intersection of differently located muscle bundles. Microscopically, leiomyoma is built from muscle fibers, which are somewhat larger compared to normal ones. Tumor cell nuclei are also relatively larger and richer in chromatin. In L., muscle fibers form randomly arranged bundles, and around the vessels they are sometimes placed concentrically, in the form of couplings. There are usually few vessels; they are thin-walled, with a narrow opening; rarely L. contain a large number of dilated vessels (cavernous L.).

In long-existing leiomyomas, as a result of circulatory disorders, dystrophic and atrophic changes in muscle fibers can be observed with their replacement by connective tissue; the latter may undergo hyalinosis, petrification, and, less commonly, ossification. In addition, foci of necrosis and hemorrhage with the formation of cysts may occur in leiomyomas. Malignization of L. is possible (see Leiomyosarcoma). Treatment is surgical, the prognosis is favorable.

Skin leiomyoma(synonym: myoma cutis, dermatomyoma) is usually a benign skin tumor originating from smooth muscle tissue. There are single leiomyomas of the skin, single leiomyomas of the genital organs (these leiomyomas have some structural features) and multiple leiomyomas of the skin. Histologically, all skin cells are characterized by interweaving of bundles of smooth muscle fibers with bundles of collagen tissue.

Multiple skin fibroids - no more than 0.5-0.7 cm in diameter, often tense, can be located disseminated and in groups, and are often combined with uterine fibroids. Cases of illness in several family members, as well as the development of multiple skin lesions at the site of injury, have been described.

Single L. of the genital organs and multiple L. of the skin are not encapsulated; the number of blood vessels in them is small, the amount of collagen is usually quite significant; located in the dermis.

The course of skin leiomyoma is long, the prognosis is favorable, malignant degeneration is extremely rare. Treatment: surgical, electrocoagulation, application of carbonic acid snow.

First description and histological examination this tumor belongs to Virchow (1854). Further work by Besnier and Babes (1873-1884) led to the identification of vascular leiomyoma as a special form of the disease and the creation of a classification of skin leiomyomas.

Currently, according to histogenesis, three types of leiomyomas are distinguished, each of which has characteristic clinical and histomorphological signs.

Multiple leiomyomas develop from the diagonal or levator pili muscles. Clinically they are characterized by the presence of small (3-10 mm) tumor-like elements of a round or elongated shape - dense, raised above the skin nodules with a smooth shiny surface, pink, red-brown, bluish-red in color, slightly or moderately painful on palpation. The nodules are usually multiple, located on the extremities (the most common localization), face, trunk, sometimes linearly or strictly unilaterally (in the pathogenesis of the disease the participation of peripheral nervous system). Characteristic feature Leiomyomas from the muscles that lift the hair are increased pain under the influence of mechanical irritation, cooling, stress. In these cases, and sometimes spontaneously, attacks of pain may occur, accompanied by severe autonomic reaction- decrease blood pressure, pallor, feeling of fear, etc.

The disease usually appears between 15 and 30 years of age. Men get sick twice as often as women; familial cases of the disease have been described.

The course and prognosis are relatively favorable - the nodules that appear slowly, over the years, increase in size and number, show a tendency to group, and sometimes undergo spontaneous involution. Secondary changes are uncharacteristic; malignancy is practically not observed. However, multiple leiomyomas represent serious problem both for the patient (pain, severe functional impairment and cosmetic defects), and for the doctor (relapse rate with surgical method treatment reaches 50%).

Genital leiomyomas are much less common. They are most often localized on the scrotum and labia majora, less often on the nipples. They appear as dense single nodular tumors of a red-brown color, up to 3 cm in size, surrounded by a zone of hyperemia. Less painful than multiple leiomyomas, but also react with worm-like contractions to cold and mechanical irritation.

Angioleiomyomas develop from the muscular walls of the closing arteries and the smooth muscle elements of the walls of small vessels of the skin. More often they are solitary, less often - diffusely widespread or locally multiple formations in the form of dense nodules of the color of normal skin or bluish-reddish color, slightly rising above the surface of the skin. The nodules are moderately painful on palpation and become more sensitive when the ambient temperature drops.

Multiple angioleiomyomas are usually localized on the extremities, and leiomyomas developing from small vessels most often affect the skin upper limbs, and leiomyomas developing from the closing arteries - the skin lower limbs with a favorite localization in the area of the joints of the lower leg and foot.

Mostly women aged 30-50 years and older are affected. The disease may be hereditary.

Morphologically, angioleiomyomas of arterial, venous, mixed type, as well as poorly differentiated forms of the tumor. The most common are arterial type angioleiomyomas.

The clinical diagnosis of leiomyomas can range from relatively simple (in typical cases) to extremely complex. In all cases, histological confirmation of the diagnosis is necessary.

Differential diagnosis. Angioleiomyoma should be differentiated from leiomyoma of the levator pili muscles and cavernous hemangioma. Leiomyoma from the muscles that lift the hairs should be differentiated from angioleiomyoma, syringoma, fibroma, neurofibroma, Kaposi's sarcoma. Genital leiomyomas are differentiated from angioendotheliomas and fibrosarcoma.

Radical treatment - surgical excision within healthy tissue, electrical excision, cryotherapy. In case of multiple leiomyoma, intravenous and intramuscular injections prospidin, calcium antagonists (nifedipine).