How to distinguish the Nominative case from the Accusative case?
- The nominative case differs from the accusative case in questions. Nominative case questions - who? What? For example: (who?) girl, (what?) ball.
And questions of the accusative case - who? What? . For example: said (who? what?) a word, did (who? what?) work.
To distinguish the accusative case from the nominative case, you can substitute the word see. I see (who? what?) a ball - this noun is in the accusative case.
Also:
1Nouns in these case forms perform different syntactic
functions: in nominative case the role of the subject in the accusative
additions.
2Nouns in the nominative case are used without prepositions. In the accusative case there are prepositions in, on, for, through. - If you mean in a sentence, then the Accusative (in a sentence) differs from the Nominative in that: If the noun is the subject, then it is By Him. case, and if secondary. member then wine.
- The nominative answers the questions who, what... and the accusative who, what
- We need to ask two questions: who? What? - Nominative, (blame) WHO? What? - Accusative. Also WHO? what? - Genitive.
- The nominative case answers the question who, what. For example: who? (fox)
Accusative of whom, what. For example: I see who? (fox) - Ask two questions at once: who? what? - genitive; whom? What? - accusative.
The word sister also helps. We put the word sister instead of the substantive, the case of which is difficult for us to determine, and, no matter how ridiculous the resulting sentence may look, but if SISTERS is inserted, the genitive case is used, if SISTER is the accusative case. - Them. -Who? what?, vin. -whom? What?
- Who what? no prepositions, always the subject in the sentence
Who, what? there may be prepositions minor member offers. - When asking a question, the nominative case answers questions (who? what?), and the accusative case (whom? what?)
- The nominative case answers the questions WHO? WHAT? (example: earth, fox, water, house...) And the accusative to the questions of Who? What? (land, fox, water, house)
- Thank you very much for the information, otherwise I’ve already forgotten everything in 25 years!
- The nominative case is always the subject,
The accusative case is an addition (if without a preposition).To avoid mistakes, take the floor female, for example, “book”, and in the sentence where you need to determine the case, replace the problem word with “book”.
Will you have it or who? What? - “book” (Nominative p.), or whom? What? "book" (Vinit. p.)
- eminent case - questions who? What? accusative - questions of whom? What?
- The first answers the questions Who? What?
Second on Who? What??? - A noun in the nominative case answers the question “Who?” or “What?”, in the accusative case it answers the question: “Who?”, “What?” (I see who, what?. I blame who, what?)
- and how to distinguish?
- The nominative case most often contains the subject (the person or thing being talked about in the sentence).
Noun is a part of speech that names objects and answers questions “ What? » / « Who? " In Russian, a noun acts as an object, adverbial, subject or predicate. This is one of the main lexical categories denoting the names of things, organisms and living beings, persons, events, facts, geographical location, phenomena, as well as properties, states, qualities and actions. The noun is modified according to special cases, between which there is a certain system of differences. To avoid grammatical and lexical errors, you need to be able to distinguish between them.
Necessary:
To learn to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive case, you need to remember school curriculum Russian language for grades 4-5. IN in this case You will need not only a school textbook, but also a table of cases.
Instructions:
- The school textbook tells us that there are only six cases in the Russian language. They are called as follows: nominative , dative , prepositional , instrumental , accusative And genitive . We're interested in the last two, so let's focus on them.
- To determine this characteristic for any noun, it is necessary to use special auxiliary questions and words. It should be noted that both schoolchildren and very educated people They constantly confuse the accusative and genitive cases. This happens because the auxiliary questions for determining them are almost identical: for the genitive " no one? what? ", for accusative " see who? What? " That is, a question to animate objects the same is specified: “ whom? ».
- If you cannot determine the required form, ask a clarifying question to the noun: “ see what? " or « no what? " to define it. The accusative case is used if the word takes on the nominative form after a clarifying question.
- The genitive case can also be determined using a test word "cat". When you substitute the indicated word for any noun, pay attention to the ending. Example: instead of a word "teacher" in a phrase "pride in the teacher" Substituting the test word, we get the phrase "pride of the cat". Ending « And » indicates genitive case, ending "y" to accusative.
- Remember that the genitive always indicates the relationship between the whole and the part ( glass of water), comparison with something or someone ( more beautiful than Vasilisa) and belonging ( brother's motorcycle). The accusative describes and denotes temporal-spatial relations ( wait a minute), and also indicates a transition from an action to an object ( stroking a cat).
A noun is a part of speech that denotes any objectivity, i.e. a noun answers the question “who” or “what”. The noun changes by case. In order not to confuse the cases with each other, there is a strictly defined system of differences between them. This article will help in the future to easily distinguish the genitive from the accusative case.
You will need
- Nouns in genitive and accusative cases.
- The ability to determine cases.
- Knowledge of questions that determine cases.
Instructions
1. There are six cases of nouns in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. It is not for nothing that these names were given to them. Let's look at two cases of each: genitive and accusative.
2. Genitive case According to definitions in the Russian language, the genitive case means: Belonging to someone or something, say “an arctic fox skin”, “a teacher’s journal”; If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, say “magazine page (RP)”; Displaying the sign of an object in relation to another object, say “survey results (RP)”; The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, say, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”; The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, say, “want happiness (R.p.)”, “avoid responsibility (R.p.)”; If there is a comparison of objects, say, “stronger than oak (R.p.)”; If the noun is the object of measurement, counting, or genitive date, say “a spoonful of sour cream” or “Paris Commune Day.”
3. Accusative caseAccording to definitions in the Russian language, the accusative case means: The transition of action to the entire object, say, “leafing through a magazine,” “driving a car”; Transfer of spatial and temporal relations “walk a mile”, “rest for a month”; In rare cases, it is formed as a connection from an adverb, say, “insultingly for a friend.”
4. In order to never confuse the cases of a noun, it is important to remember that all cases in the Russian language correspond to a multifunctional question; asking the one for a given noun, as a result, we get the corresponding case. The genitive case corresponds to the question “there is no one?” for the animate and “no what?” for inanimate nouns. The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see who?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns. It is very difficult to determine the cases of nouns based on their definitions or endings. It is possible that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide. Let’s give an example using an animate noun in plural:I noticed people nearby (I see who? - V.p.) There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.) As you can see, the word is declined in both cases identically. But, in order to finally verify the correctness case definitions, mentally substitute animate noun inanimate. Let's say: Nearby I noticed a pillar (I see who? - V.p.) There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.) From the example it is clear: inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change to distinguish it from the same noun having the genitive case.
5. From here we can draw some conclusions: 1. To distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a defining question.2. If you find it difficult to determine the case of an animate noun, because... the question “who?” refers to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a defining question. For the genitive it will be “no what?”, and for the accusative “I see what?”. If the word looks like it is in the nominative case, then the case of your noun is accusative.
In most cases, distinguishing the forms of the genitive and accusative case does not present any difficulties: you just need to pay attention to case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, it is necessary to do the following algorithm.
Instructions
1. If you have an inanimate noun in front of you, then you should ask a question about this word. Nouns in the genitive case answer the question “what?” and are in harmony with the word “no”. Nouns in the accusative case answer the question “what?” and are in harmony with the word “I see”. Let's say: I put on (what?) a coat - accusative case, I go without (what?) a coat - genitive case.
2. If you have an animate noun in front of you male II declension, then you should substitute any word of the 1st declension and look at its ending. Let's say: shot a boar = shot a fox (ending -у - accusative case), got scared of a boar = scared of a fox (ending -ы - genitive case).
3. If you have an animate noun in the plural, then it should be replaced with an inanimate noun in the same form. Let's say: I love people, I love (what?) letters - accusative case. I love the sincerity of people, I love the sincerity of (what?) letters - genitive case.
Helpful advice
In the Russian language there are indeclinable nouns, say, “coat”, “coffee”, when in any case the word looks identical. In this case, the case can be determined only by the key issue.
You will need
- Nouns in genitive and accusative cases.
- Knowledge of case definitions.
- Knowledge of questions that determine cases.
Instructions
Genitive
According to the definitions in, the genitive case means:
Belonging to someone or something, for example “an arctic fox skin”, “teacher’s journal”;
If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, for example, “magazine page (RP)”;
Displaying an attribute of an object in relation to another object, for example, “survey results (RP)”;
The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, for example, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”;
The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, for example, “to wish happiness (R.p.)”, “to avoid responsibility (R.p.)”;
If there is a comparison of objects, for example, “stronger than oak (R.p.)”;
If the noun is the object of measurement, or genitive date, for example "a spoonful of sour cream" or "Paris Commune Day".
Accusative
According to definitions in the Russian language, the accusative case means:
Transition of action to the subject completely, for example, “leafing through a magazine,” “driving a car”;
Transfer of spatial and temporal relations “walk a mile”, “rest”;
In rare cases, it is formed as a dependence on, for example, “it’s a shame for a friend.”
In order to never confuse a noun, it is important to remember that each case in the Russian language corresponds to a universal question, asking which of a given noun, we ultimately get the corresponding case.
The genitive case corresponds to the question “there is no one?” for the animate and “no what?” for inanimate nouns.
The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see who?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.
Determining the cases of nouns based on its definitions or is extremely difficult. Let’s say that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide.
Here is an example using an animate noun in the plural:
Not far away I noticed people (see who? - V.p.)
There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.)
As you can see, the word is declined in the same way in both cases.
But, in order to finally make sure that the case is determined correctly, mentally substitute an inanimate noun instead of an animate one.
For example:
Not far away I noticed a pillar (see who? - V.p.)
There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.)
From the example it is clear: an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike the same noun in the genitive case.
From this we can draw conclusions:
1. To distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a defining question.
2. If you determine the case of an animate noun, because the question “who?” refers to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a defining question. For the genitive it will be “no what?”, and for the accusative “I see what?”. If the word looks like in, then the case of your noun is accusative.
In most cases, distinguishing between the genitive and accusative forms does not present any difficulties: you just need to pay attention to the case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, you need to proceed according to the following algorithm.
Instructions
If you have something inanimate in front of you, then you should ask a question about it. Nouns in
Name: Accusative.
Accusative, answering questions from whom? what?, is used only in combination with a verb and its forms: participle and gerund. The main, typical function of the accusative case is to express the direct object of action with transitive verbs: I look at a picture, I prepare a lesson, I open a book, I put on a dress.
The accusative tense denotes the time of the action: Meet every day. He wasn't feeling well last night.
The accusative of quantity is used to indicate value, when indicating the quantitative side of the manifestation of a verbal action. It costs two rubles. Repeat three times.
The accusative measure indicates a measure of time or space. Wait a whole week. Walk five kilometers.
The accusative of the object names the object to which the action is directed. Read a book. Throw the ball.
The accusative of result denotes the thing that is the result of the action. Dig a hole. Sew a dress.
To find out the accusative case, you need to substitute the word VINYU to the noun, that is, I ACCUSE, or I SEE.
I blame (who?) the boy
I see (who?) a baby elephant
I see (what?) a palm tree
Prepositions with the accusative case: IN, ON, FOR, UNDER, THROUGH, ABOUT.
In addition, the accusative case, in combination with transitive verbs formed from intransitive ones using prefixes, denotes a measure of time and distance: work for a whole month, sleep the whole way, run three thousand meters.
In combination with intransitive verbs the accusative case can also denote a measure of weight, time, distance and cost: weigh a whole ton, improve all your life, rest for a week, run a mile, cost a penny, etc.
The accusative case is:
1) a noun form included in the singular and plural paradigm, with one of the following endings (in orthographic form):
singular - horse, land, wife, land, swamp, field, bone, daughter, name, path;
plural - horses, land, wives, lands, swamps, fields, bones, daughters, names, paths;
2) a number of such noun forms, united by the system of meanings described below;
3) the form of an adjective or participle included in the paradigm, with one of the following endings (in orthographic form):
V singular- round and round, round, round; blue and blue, blue, blue; strong and strong, strong, strong; fox and fox, fox, fox;
in the plural - round and round, blue and blue, strong and strong, fox and fox;
4) a number of such forms of an adjective or participle, united by a common syntactic function.
The main meanings of the accusative case are objective and attributive.
Object value case manifests itself:
1) with transitive verbs: buy a house, read a book, wait for a friend;
2) with predicatives: it’s a pity, it’s a pity (it’s a pity for my brother), and also it’s necessary, it’s necessary, it hurts, it’s visible, it’s heard, it’s noticeable - when the sentence contains an indication of the subject of the state: I need a pass; His arm hurts;
3) in one-part sentences, meaning the required object: Carriage for me!; Reward for the brave! Determinative (by measure, time, quantity).
Subject meaning appears only in a sentence. This:
1) the accusative case, placed in the initial position in sentences reporting the state of a person, with a predicate - a verb with the meaning of an emotional or external state and a subject - an abstract noun: I am upset by failure, I am alarmed by lies; The guys were inspired by the success; The family suffered grief; also: He is drawn to travel; The interlocutor is tempted to argue;
2) in sentences such as The child is shivering; The patient feels sick; I'm shaking all over.
Subjective meaning is combined with objective meaning in such types of sentences as The stars are visible; Voices are heard when the perceiving subject is not indicated in the sentence (stars are visible and someone sees stars), as well as in sentences like: A man was killed; A fighter was wounded, in which the subject of the action is not indicated (a person was killed and a person was killed). The increase in the subjective meaning of a verb in a sentence is always determined by the joint action of syntactic and lexical-semantic factors.
The accusative case is combined with a wide range of prepositions - simple and derivative. In combination with simple prepositions - in, on, for, about (ob), according to, under, about, with, through - can have a definitive meaning (in place, time, measure, quality, property, purpose, purpose, reason, etc. .), objective (go deep into work, vote for a candidate, capable of anything, hurt yourself on a joint, go picking berries, think about children), and also performs the function of a necessary informatively replenishing form (reputed as an eccentric, known as a talker).
In a sentence, this case with simple prepositions, in addition to the named meanings, can denote a predicative feature (in the predicate: Letter - to the ministry; Medal - for courage; Path - through the mountains) or extend the sentence as a whole, expressing different types determination (In a snowstorm it’s scary to be in a field; A mile from the city there is a lake; Under New Year all sorts of miracles are possible; I haven’t slept for a week; There is a store across the road), or an object meaning (For five - three skis; Not a word about those who left). In sentences such as Fear attacked me; Thought came over him; The guys became stubborn.
In combination with the prepositions for, with, under V. p. in combination with a certain range of words expresses approximateness: He is over thirty; There were over forty visitors; She's nearly fifty; I received a hundred congratulations; We waited for half an hour; About a dozen students are sick. In combination with derivative prepositions and prepositional formations - in response to, including, excluding, despite, despite, after a little, an hour, a minute, a day, passing, through, after a day, an hour, a year, a century.
