Reactive lymphadenitis with out questions Melchenko. Lymphadenitis: the main causes of the disease, symptoms and treatment methods. Common causes and types of lymphadenitis

This is a symptom of a variety of diseases, both viral and bacterial in nature. Therefore, without determining the cause and causative agent of a specific lymphadenitis, its treatment is often ineffective. It is important to remember that if there are signs of lymphadenitis (inflammation of the parotid gland, cervical lymph nodes, axillary and others), only a doctor can prescribe adequate treatment. And only a doctor can determine whether traditional methods can be used for treatment, and which traditional methods are safe and effective.

Causes of the disease

Since lymphadenitis is most often a manifestation of another disease, it can be argued that the cause of lymphadenitis is the primary disease. For treatment, it is important to determine the etiology of the disease. There are many diseases whose symptom is inflammation of the lymph nodes. The fact is that the lymph glands are a collection of cells that represent the body’s defense system – the immune system. With the flow of blood and lymph, pathogens enter the lymph nodes. Often the lymph node copes with the task, neutralizing the “intruder”. However, with a serious attack on the immune system, the body itself may not be able to cope. Then inflammation occurs - lymphadenitis, for example, in the parotid zone.

The most common is nonspecific lymphadenitis infectious etiology(that is, caused, for example, by streptococci and staphylococci, representatives of nonspecific microflora of the body). The root causes of inflammatory processes in the lymph gland of this group include tonsillitis, tonsillitis, and some diseases of the oral cavity and teeth. Inflammation of the lymph nodes of the mammary gland can be caused by acute mastitis, which is a consequence of streptococcal or staphylococcal infection.

The disease-cause of specific lymphadenitis is not so easy to determine. Inflammation of the lymph nodes is characteristic, for example, of AIDS, syphilis, and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is characterized by inflammation of the parotid group of lymph nodes, cervical, and axillary. Some autoimmune diseases can also cause corresponding inflammation.

The chronic version of lymphadenitis manifests itself against the background of long-term, sluggish diseases. The cause can be any chronic inflammatory process - chronic tonsillitis, chronic diseases of the teeth, breast. And inflammation of the abdominal nodes can be caused, for example, by entero-colitis. But lymphadenitis in the abdominal cavity can be caused by an acute respiratory viral infection, such as influenza. The parotid lymph node can become inflamed due to diseases of the inner ear, auricle and other tissues of the parotid region. A chronic process is also possible in some cancers.

Symptoms and diagnosis

The human body contains about 600 lymph nodes. Most often, the submandibular, parotid, mesenteric (mesenteric), cervical, occipital, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, lymph nodes of the mammary gland and abdominal cavity are affected. With regional lymphadenitis (sometimes called regional), local lymph nodes become inflamed. Symptoms of regional lymphadenitis are inflammation of regional lymph nodes (axillary, breast lymph nodes, subclavian and supraclavicular). However, there are many more possible foci of inflammation of the gland.

There are symptoms that are similar for all types of lymphadenitis. Lymph nodes increase in size and are easy to feel and sometimes even see. At the beginning of the inflammatory process, the lymph nodes (glands) are soft, but as the disease progresses, they harden, swell, and the skin turns red. When pressing, pain is felt.

However, there are also specific symptoms, characteristic of different types of lymphadenitis. For example, acute lymphadenitis is characterized by a sharp enlargement and pain of the lymph node, fever, and general weakness. Whereas chronic lymphadenitis (for example, of the abdominal cavity or parotid lymph gland) occurs without pronounced symptoms. Sometimes a chronic inflammatory process may be accompanied by opening of the lesion.

With serous lymphadenitis, the symptoms are moderate. The general condition of the patient has deteriorated slightly, the lymph nodes (for example, parotid or supraclavicular) are enlarged and painful. The purulent process is characterized by sharp, twitching pain, redness is observed, and the lymph nodes merge. The purulent version of the disease can also cause lethargy, sleep disturbances, and high fever.

If purulent lymphadenitis is not treated properly, adenophlegmon may form. In this condition, in addition to redness, swelling and pain, there is an increase in body temperature, rapid heartbeat, and weakness. In this case, the patient must be examined by a doctor, since the consequences are very dangerous.

To diagnose and determine the disease that caused lymphadenitis, the doctor analyzes information from the anamnesis. If possible, it is established where the outflow of lymph occurs in a particular lymphadenitis. This is especially important when lymphadenitis is reactive. Next, a series of laboratory tests are carried out (general blood test, test for specific infections). Further diagnostic tools are: puncture or excisional biopsy, Mantoux test if tuberculosis is suspected, etc.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of lymphadenitis depends on a number of factors. The main one is the cause of the primary disease, what its nature is, as well as the course of the disease (acute or chronic process). Often therapy is aimed specifically at combating underlying diseases. Chronic lymphadenitis is treated only after its cause has been established. A chronic inflammatory process is often treated with the same list of medications, the same remedies as the underlying cause of the disease. It is also advisable to treat acute lymphadenitis by eliminating the cause, however, there are additional methods and means of treatment.

If a blood test and other studies indicate the bacterial nature of the disease lymphadenitis (for example, abdominal or parotid), antibiotics are prescribed, since the fight against bacterial infections is carried out antibacterial agents. Most often treated with antibiotics penicillin group resistant to penicillinase (ampicillin, amoxicillin, for example, amoxiclav, augmentin, etc.). If possible, an analysis is carried out to identify a specific pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Some antibacterial agents have specific contraindications. For example, penicillins - augmentin, amoxiclav can cause a rash in mononucleosis. Therefore, the doctor must decide which antibiotics to prescribe.

External agents (dimexide, anti-inflammatory ointments) are also used. It is important to remember that dimexide is contraindicated for children.

Purulent and acute lymphadenitis is sometimes treated surgically. Treatment requires opening the abscesses, and the doctor performs the operation under general anesthesia. After opening, the abscess is drained, then sutures are applied. The decision about the need for surgery is also made by the doctor, so it is necessary to obtain a consultation immediately after the appearance of disturbing symptoms.

Treatment of specific lymphadenitis is a more complex process. In this case, treatment is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause. Antibiotics are prescribed, for example, amoxiclav and other drugs effective for these diseases. Often such therapy takes a long time. They can inject into the inflamed lymph node itself special drugs. The doctor may decide to treat you in a hospital.

Traditional treatment

There is an opinion that lymphadenitis can be treated using folk methods. Considering the specifics of the process and the fact that lymphadenitis is a sign of certain diseases, you should not get carried away with folk remedies, since effective treatment is possible only after identifying the root cause. But the doctor treats the underlying disease taking into account its specifics, and success cannot always be achieved using traditional methods.

Chronic lymphadenitis is prescribed by folk methods to be treated with dandelion juice or a decoction of nettle and yarrow, walnut leaves, etc. Lymphadenitis of the abdominal organs is sometimes advised to be treated with purified kerosene. Sometimes warm compresses are used using, for example, dimexide. However, in some cases, warm compresses are contraindicated; in addition, dimexide not only treats, it has a number of its own contraindications.

Often, when traditional methods seem to give results, it is the traditional methods that have nothing to do with it. The fact is that the body is able to cope with many infections on its own. And, for example, a lotion with a decoction does not treat the root cause. However, it is possible that these folk remedies can relieve some unpleasant symptoms, but the cause of the disease may be much more serious and require immediate treatment with antibacterial agents. Therefore, be sure to consult a doctor before starting treatment at home with traditional recipes, especially if there is an acute or purulent process. In some cases, antibiotics (amoxiclav, penicillin and others, depending on the specifics of the disease) and other medications are necessary. The consequences of self-medication with folk remedies can be very dangerous, just like medications.

Have all your attempts to lose weight been unsuccessful?

Have you already thought about radical measures? This is understandable, because a clean body is an indicator of health and a reason for pride. In addition, this is at least human longevity. But the fact that healthy man, looks younger - an axiom that does not require proof.

The materials presented are general information and cannot replace medical advice.

Cervical lymphadenitis

Cervical lymphadenitis - a disease with two faces

In ordinary conversation you will never hear the phrase “cervical lymphadenitis.” Not because no one knows about it, but because this disease is usually called a disease of the lymph nodes. It should be noted that cervical lymphadenitis is talked about more in relation to the adult part of the population. It is extremely rare in children and is not particularly dangerous. However, with adults things are much more serious. The whole essence of the disease is built on the lymphatic system, which is the first to rush into battle with the enemy.

It is the enlarged lymph nodes that indicate that our body contains pathogenic organisms that can provoke not only serious, but also the mildest disease. We would like to immediately warn you that if you find thickenings on your neck, you should not panic. We have now lightly hinted at cancer cells. Enlarged lymph nodes in isolated cases indicate the content of cancer cells.

Causes of cervical lymphadenitis

One of the most important reasons that provoke inflammation of the lymph nodes, as we said above, is the entry of pathogenic infections into our body. Among the most frequent “guests” doctors identify:

The number one risk group is people who have weakened the immune system. However, cervical lymphadenitis can be caused by developing diseases or occur against the background of past/past ones. The most striking catalysts or provocateurs are:

• acute diseases of the nasopharynx;
• disorders in the metabolic system;
• a wide variety of allergic reactions;
• alcohol abuse;
• pathologies in connective tissues;
• oncological diseases;
• disorders of the thyroid gland;
• HIV infection.

We won't repeat ourselves. However, the following must be said: any pathogenic organisms enter our body for the sole purpose of attacking the immune system. It is thanks to the work of the body’s protective functions that all pathogenic invaders are not only blocked in the lymph nodes, but are also localized in them. Excessive accumulation of foreign invaders on this peculiar front line is accompanied by inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes. The form can be either acute or chronic.

Based on the above, an extremely important task is to diagnose the disease at its most early stage. Otherwise, you will have to reap the fruits of recklessness, which has turned into an advanced infection.

Any suspicion, even the slightest, of enlarged lymph nodes should end with an appointment with a qualified doctor.

Cervical lymphadenitis and its symptoms

As mentioned earlier, with cervical lymphadenitis, some compactions appear on the neck, and also, in some cases, slight swelling is observed. When you feel it, pain is possible. When the disease progresses in the patient, the following symptoms will appear:

• general malaise;
• headache;
• loss of appetite;
• high body temperature (in case of acute lymphadenitis);
• intoxication (if we are talking about a small child).

Accordingly, the cervical formations will increase in size already at the development stage. However, timely seeking medical help will help relieve swelling within one to three weeks. Separately, it is necessary to pay attention to chronic and acute forms of cervical lymphadenitis. “Owners” with such a disease should be afraid of everything pathogenic and not allow the disease to dominate the carrier in its extreme form of expression.

As we have already said, with cervical lymphadenitis there are two forms:

Acute cervical lymphadenitis

Manifests itself as a complication of the disease. It is accompanied by quite severe suppuration of the lymph nodes. The mercury column, which shows body temperature, is rapidly crossing the mark of 38 degrees. The surface above the lymph node becomes red and is shaped more like a boil. As it progresses, the swelling of lymphadenitis increases significantly, and its contours lose their clarity. The source of infection itself, to the touch, no longer becomes so mobile. If this inflammatory process is started, the consequences can result in another disease, namely:

That is why such a disease must always be taken very, very seriously.

Chronic cervical lymphadenitis

It appears in any disease in those people whose immune system is extremely weakened. If you thought that the disease should be even a little serious, then let us immediately note that you are deeply mistaken. Even the most common cold is enough for this disease to manifest itself, and inflammation of the lymph nodes will not take long to occur.

It is worth noting that in the case of an acute form, the lymph nodes will also be enlarged, but the patient will not experience such severe pain as in the first case. However, suppuration is possible in very rare cases. It is also worth warning that if chronic cervical lymphadenitis is detected, the disease may signal such a serious illness as tuberculosis. The fact is that foreign bodies that provoke tuberculosis with flows of lymph or blood from the tuberculosis focus enter the lymph nodes.

Cervical lymphadenitis and its diagnosis

Cervical lymphadenitis is diagnosed only when examined by a doctor during palpation. However, it is possible to diagnose the disease on the basis of previously performed tests or a number of necessary clinical and laboratory studies, namely:

1. biopsy of a diseased lymph node;
2. X-ray of soft tissues of the neck and/or submandibular area;
3. magnetic resonance and/or computed tomography;
4. further studies with histological analysis.

I would like to note that an examination by a doctor should take place in any case, and a visit to the hospital should not depend on the stage of the disease.

Cervical lymphadenitis in children

Unfortunately, it develops very actively, although for children it is not as dangerous as for an adult. It is extremely difficult to palpate the lymph nodes in an infant due to their small size. But after a year of life, this procedure becomes quite accessible.

Symptoms of cervical lymphadenitis in children

• complaints of headache;
• dominant body temperature above 38 degrees;
• severe intoxication (especially in infants);
• lack of appetite;
• poor sleep;
• the presence of severe swelling of the neck.

In the case of chronic inflammation of the lymph nodes, the child will feel good, and his body temperature will be within normal limits. There will be practically no pain symptoms in the neck, but the lymph nodes will be significantly enlarged. Their condition is determined by palpation.

With advanced cervical lymphadenitis, the consequences for the child can be extremely dangerous due to the appearance of myocardium. Lethargy and pallor will become bright external manifestations and shortness of breath is inevitable. Children with this disease have a very difficult time gaining weight because even feeding becomes very difficult for them. In some cases, they may even refuse to eat food.

Cervical lymphadenitis in adults

Despite the fact that the symptoms in adults are similar to those in children, the disease is caused by completely different reasons. It is worth noting that delaying seeking medical help can have more serious consequences. In the vast majority of cases, the causative agent of cervical lymphadenitis in the adult population is the most common viral or bacterial infections. At the very beginning of our conversation, we already mentioned the reasons that lead to such diseases. Therefore, we will not repeat ourselves again, but will ask you to move up the text.

Cervical lymphadenitis - treatment

Treatment methods for cervical lymphadenitis are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician. If the form of the disease turns out to be mild, then it is recommended:

• home warmth;
• peace;
• drink plenty of ordinary water;
• avoiding low temperatures and drafts.

If the provocateur of the disease turns out to be tuberculosis bacillus, then urgent hospitalization cannot be avoided. Prescribed:

• hospital regime;
• specialized range of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics.

A necessary condition for a quick recovery is compliance with the necessary diet. Foods rich in trans fatty acids and carbohydrates are strictly prohibited. But the presence of vegetables, fruits, fish, lean meat, as well as omega-3 fatty polyunsaturated acids in the patient’s diet will greatly contribute to the extinction of inflammatory processes in the body. However, not everything has been said about the diet. Particular attention should be paid to reducing the consumption of dairy and flour products, as well as completely eliminating sugar or products containing it in large quantities.

Among the treatment methods used, there are three most effective:

Let's look at each method in more detail.

Drug treatment

In any case, treatment always begins with identifying the reasons that provoked it and eliminating the infectious source itself. If the disease occurs as a result of a viral infection:

then the restoration of the lymph nodes will occur independently as the body gets rid of the pathogens. No drug treatment will be required. Otherwise, you need to take anti-inflammatory drugs. Basically, the doctor prescribes:

Use is due to actions such as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory. It is these two factors that significantly reduce the number of pathological cells present in the inflammatory focus and contribute to the restoration of cells located in the connective tissues. The dosage of the drug depends on the specifics of the disease, and, as a rule, ranges from 4 to 48 mg/day. Naturally, it is prescribed exclusively by the attending physician. For children it is prescribed along with prednisolone. The average dosage is 4 mg medrol and 5 mg prednisolone. Contraindicated if present allergic reactions or due to fungal systemic infections in any location.

Dosage is purely individual. On average, it ranges from 5 to 10 mg per day or 1 or 2 tablets. In case of extreme acute conditions take from 20 to 30 mg per day, which is equivalent to 4 or 6 tablets. Regarding children, it is prescribed based on age:

• from 2 to 12 months – 2 or 3 mg per kilogram of weight;
• from 1 to 14 years – 1 or 2 mg per kilogram of weight.

It is administered slowly intravenously over three minutes. If necessary, the drug can be re-administered after 20 or half an hour from the moment of administration of the first portion.

Contraindicated in pregnant women and hypertensive patients. Possible negative impact on patients suffering from diabetes or peptic ulcer duodenum or stomach. In case of an infectious disease or tuberculosis, it is prescribed along with antibiotics. Can be used in combination with special treatment agents.

Speaking about cervical lymphadenitis, it is necessary to ensure the intake of immunostimulants, as well as medications containing a high concentration of vitamin C and multivitamins. In case of acute or chronic form, antibiotics will be prescribed.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Surgery

It is used as a last resort, when the two listed methods are ineffective. During surgery, the suppuration is opened, and the pus is removed along with the affected connective tissues. The operation is completed with drainage.

Cervical lymphadenitis - treatment with folk remedies

Since ancient times, this disease has been treated with drink and compresses. We offer several recipes from traditional medicine.

1. Buy an alcohol-based echinacea tincture at the pharmacy. To prepare a drink, dilute 20 or 40 drops of echinacea in half a glass of water. Drink, regardless of meals, three times a day.
2. Dilute echinacea tincture, keeping the proportion 1:2, in warm water. Soak gauze in the prepared liquid and apply to the sore spot. Secure the compress and go to bed.
3. Take crushed herbs of St. John's wort, walnut, yarrow and mistletoe. Just one teaspoon. Pour everything with one glass of water, stir and place on low heat. Boil for about five minutes and let the contents cool. Use as night compresses for two or three weeks.
4. Wash and grind the celandine leaves in a mortar, squeeze out the juice in the amount of one tablespoon. Pour it into a glass container, add half a glass of alcohol. Place the concentrate in a dark place for one day. Use for compresses.

Reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph glands) is not an independent disease. This pathological process is a concomitant symptom of various diseases, both bacterial and viral etiology.

Reactive lymphadenitis characterizes the initial phase (reactive) of disorders, in the form of a primary reaction to the source of infection in the human body.

Treatment of lymphadenitis itself will not be effective without determining the exact cause that caused the pathological condition.

What is reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis is part of a general chain of painful changes that are practically asymptomatic. Accordingly, a reactive change in the lymph nodes is the initial manifestation of the disease, the first sign of the body’s fight against infection.

For example, with a latent form of tuberculosis (latent), the pathogen (Koch bacillus) can remain in an inactive phase for a long time. It can be completely neutralized by the body's defenses without causing any harm to a person.

However, as a result, often, of a number of negative influences, a dormant infection can become active. Then, with a high probability, the lymph nodes, as an integral part of the immune system, will be the first to take the hit.

The following factors can provoke the appearance of reactive lymphadenitis:

• Chronic inflammation.
• Low immunity.
• Frequent colds.
• Hypothermia.
• Long stay in a stuffy, unventilated room.
• Lack of sunlight.
• Chronic emotional overstrain, severe stress, can trigger the mechanisms of a dormant infection, for example, Koch bacilli in tuberculosis.
• Poor nutrition, mono-diets.
• Frequent overwork.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking).
• Avitaminosis.
• Often, reactive lymphadenitis appears in children under 6 years of age due to immature immunity, as a reaction to any source of inflammation in the child’s body. This may be rhinitis, otitis and acute respiratory viral infections.

Clinical manifestations of reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive inflammation in the lymph nodes is a concomitant symptom of a particular disease.

Often the area of ​​inflamed lymph nodes indicates a local pathological process in the same area, that is, it is located nearby, near the source of inflammation.

The initial sign of reactive lymphadenitis is reactive lymphadenopathy, as the body’s very first reaction in response to infection.

It may appear as an increase different quantities lymph nodes and their mild soreness.

Left unattended, this pathological process is aggravated by lymphadenitis, which can be recognized by the following signs:

• Enlargement and swelling of the lymph nodes.
• The lymph glands are painful when palpated and pressed on them.
• Swelling and redness of the skin over the affected lymph nodes.
• The glands are not fused to the skin or to each other, they are dense to the touch.

Depending on the factors that trigger the development of reactive lymphadenitis, it may be accompanied by the following manifestations:

• General weakness.
• Elevated or low-grade (37°C) body temperature.
• Headache.
• Sleep disturbance.
• Cough.
• Rhinitis.

Important! If you experience severe pain in the area of ​​one lymph node or a whole group of them, an increase in body temperature of more than 38.5 ° C, rapid breathing and heartbeat (signs of purulent lymphadenitis), you must urgently consult a doctor

The fact is that with reactive lymphadenopathy after treatment of the underlying disease, the lymph nodes almost always return to normal on their own.

However, if the primary pathology is left without appropriate therapy or treatment is insufficient, the process may be complicated by painful changes in the lymph glands themselves.

In this case, there may be a proliferation of lymphoid tissue, with the development of reactive hyperplasia in the lymph nodes, with disruption of their function.

This can cause them to fester or spread the infection to nearby tissues and the entire human body.

What diseases and conditions can be accompanied by reactive inflammation of the lymph glands

Reactive lymphadenitis can accompany diseases such as:

• Tuberculosis. The parotid and axillary nodes often become inflamed. Lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes may also occur.
• Angina.
• Tonsillitis.
• Pathological process in the oral cavity (caries, stomatitis).
• Acute mastitis caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria.
• AIDS.
• Syphilis.
• Diseases of the female and male genitourinary system. For example, hyperplastic (tissue proliferation). Abnormal changes in the uterine mucosa (polyps, endometrial hyperplasia). Women often experience enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
• Enterocolitis.
• Flu.
• Otitis.
• Sinusitis.
• Teething in infants.
• Adenoiditis in children.
• Bubonic plague.

Which specialist should you contact if your lymph nodes are enlarged or inflamed for no apparent reason?

Reactive lymph node hyperplasia is dangerous because it can go unnoticed by the patient.

In case of general weakness, increased fatigue, low-grade body temperature, sweating, as well as any malaise, it is necessary to pay attention to the lymph nodes.

If they increase or become painful during palpation, you should first consult a general practitioner.

After the examination, the doctor may give a referral to specialists such as:

What tests can the doctor prescribe?

If reactive lymphadenitis is detected, in order to understand the cause of the disease and determine the condition of the lymph glands themselves, the doctor may prescribe the following tests:

• General analysis of urine and blood (with formula).
• Blood for syphilis, HIV, viral hepatitis.
• Bacteriological examination of blood and urine. To identify pathogens and sensitivity to antibiotics.
• Tumor markers.
• Blood for hormone levels.
• Biochemistry.
• Cytological and bacteriological analysis of vaginal and urethral discharge.
• Bacteriological culture of sputum.
• Puncture of the lymph node followed by cytological examination.

Also, a patient with reactive lymphadenitis may be recommended by the doctor to undergo instrumental diagnostics such as:

• X-ray (fluorography, mammography, urography).
• Computed tomogram (CT).
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Gastroduodenoscopy.
• Sigmoidoscopy.
• Bronchoscopy.

Treatment

Reactive lymphadenitis may be initial symptom many diseases. Accordingly, its treatment will be based on eliminating the source of infection itself.

If the infectious agent of the pathological process is bacterial flora, then antibiotic therapy is used first.

A fungal infection is treated, for example, with drugs such as:

To combat a viral infection, the following antiviral agents will be effective:

Important! You cannot self-medicate reactive lymphadenitis. This pathology may be a manifestation various diseases, which only a doctor can determine. All of the above medications are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

Prevention

Preventive measures for reactive lymphadenitis include the following:

• For any symptoms of illness (low-grade fever, sweating, chills, fatigue) that last more than 5 days, consult a doctor.
• Women should visit a mammologist and gynecologist once a year. After forty years, undergo a mammogram every 12 months, visit a gynecologist every six months.
• Men undergo preventive examinations with a urologist once a year.
• In case of prolonged weakness or prolonged cough, consult a doctor.
• In damp, slushy weather, during epidemics, to increase immunity, you need to take decoctions and tinctures of herbs that strengthen the body's defenses. For example, such as:
  • Tinctures of Echinacea and Eleutherococcus can be purchased at the pharmacy. Take after consultation with your doctor in accordance with the attached instructions.
  • Rose hip decoction. This drink can be prepared using a thermos in the following way:

1. Rinse a liter thermos with boiling water.
2. Place 2 tablespoons of rose hips, washed under running water.
3. Pour in a liter of just boiled water.
4. Leave for 8 hours.
5. Then strain through 4 layers of gauze into a liter glass container.
6. Replenish the missing volume with boiled water.

There is no need to throw away the berries remaining in the thermos. They can be poured with boiling water a second time and used according to the above scheme.

Also for normal operation immune system, prevention of various diseases, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to avoid physical and emotional stress, engage in physical exercise as much as possible, eat well, do not neglect rest, sleep, and be in the fresh air as often as possible.

Snoring is always an unpleasant, irritating sound.

Features of inflammatory diseases in children.

The human lymphatic system is directly connected to.

Despite the rapid development of medicine, many.

HIV infection is one of the most dangerous diseases.

The information on the site is provided solely for popular informational purposes, does not claim to be reference or medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. Consult your healthcare provider.

Lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes): on the neck, in the groin, under the armpit - causes, symptoms, treatment

Very often, when visiting a doctor, patients, hearing the diagnosis, are frightened by incomprehensible terms, because they do not know what such a disease can mean, especially if they have not encountered it before. Behind the frightening word “lymphadenitis” actually lies a common inflammation of the nodes of the lymphatic system. Such a disease is not a death sentence, but in any case it should not be left to chance, since untimely treatment lymphadenitis can lead to unpleasant consequences. But before starting treatment, it is necessary to understand why lymphadenitis occurs, what its symptoms are and what form this disease can take.

What is lymphadenitis?

Lymphadenitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the nodes of the lymphatic system, that is, in the lymph nodes. These nodes are peripheral organs that contain very important cells responsible for protecting the body. These cells have a close relationship with the circulatory system. You can imagine the lymph nodes as a kind of filters that do not allow harmful substances and prevent them from spreading.

Lymph nodes become inflamed most often due to infection, i.e. infection of the body by microorganisms, causing disease. Bacteria are carried throughout the body by blood and lymph, and settle in the lymph nodes, causing their inflammation. Depending on the type of infection, lymph nodes in different parts of the body may become inflamed. Thus, lymphadenitis in most cases is a consequence of some infectious process occurring in the body.

Many people confuse the concepts of “lymphadenopathy” and “lymphadenitis” because these words sound similar. In fact, only the second is the name of the disease, since the first is only a symptom or a painless reaction of the body to a rather serious pathology (AIDS, syphilis, etc.). Of course, in such cases the diagnosis requires clarification. Only after examination and testing is the patient diagnosed with lymphadenitis.

Common causes and types of lymphadenitis

The most common reason due to which lymphadenitis occurs, as noted above, is some kind of disease in the body. Most often, lymph nodes become infected during inflammatory processes of an acute and chronic nature. These can be ulcers, ulcers, boils, fistulas. Less commonly, lymphadenitis occurs with common infectious diseases.

When an infection enters a lymph node, it becomes inflamed and increases in size. This occurs due to the accumulation of cells responding to an inflammatory response in the area where the bacteria has entered. Either one lymph node or several nearby can become inflamed. Such lymphadenitis will be called regional.

The most common localizations of lymphadenitis

Types of lymphadenitis, depending on what part of the body the inflamed nodes are located in, are called differently:

Lymphadenitis of the listed types is more common than others.

Symptoms of lymphadenitis

One symptom common to all possible types of lymphadenitis is an outwardly noticeable increase in inflamed lymph nodes in the area into which the infection has penetrated, causing the inflammatory process.

Cervical

Cervical lymphadenitis is expressed, as the name implies, by inflammation of the lymph nodes located in the neck. Pressing on the formed compaction of the lymph nodes causes pain. In addition to inflammation with cervical lymphadenitis, the general health of the patient worsens, he develops a headache and fever.

At acute form This type of disease causes severe suppuration to form in the area of ​​the lymph nodes. Both children and adults are equally susceptible to this disease, however, cervical lymphadenitis occurs faster in children, but with more unpleasant symptoms such as headaches, severe pain when pressing the lymph nodes, temperature (38⁰ and above), sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and also the formation of severe swelling of the neck.

Submandibular

Submandibular lymphadenitis begins with mild pain when pressing behind the ear or under the jaw. On initial stage the nodes move under the skin and do not interfere with chewing or smiling at all. On the third day, the patient develops a clearly visible painful swelling under the jaw, which gradually increases in size and begins to occupy the entire submandibular part of the face, sometimes even going down the neck to the collarbone. If left untreated, unpleasant symptoms may include swelling and redness of the mucous membrane on the side of the mouth where the inflammation is located.

If such lymphadenitis is not treated at this stage, subsequently everything will become even sadder, since the pain will turn into a pulling-shooting pain, the person’s temperature will rise, and the skin of his face will gradually turn from red to burgundy. When the pus starts to come out towards the skin, it will turn blue.

In the groin

A noticeable enlargement and thickening of the lymph nodes located in the groin is the first sign of inguinal lymphadenitis. These symptoms, as the disease progresses, are usually accompanied by an increase in temperature and pain in the lower abdomen, especially pronounced when moving. Also, with lymphadenitis in the groin, the skin at the site of inflammation often turns red, and the patient may feel a general loss of strength. If inflammation is not treated, it can spread not only to the nearest, but also to all lymph nodes of the body.

Axillary area

Axillary lymphadenitis has symptoms similar to all other types of this disease: inflammation leads to an increase in the size of the nodes, and when pressing on them, the patient experiences pain. Having developed into a purulent form (and this will happen if treatment is not taken in time), lymphadenitis in the armpits can unite all nodes of the lymphatic system with general inflammation, thereby spreading the disease throughout the body.

Forms of lymphadenitis

According to the duration of the disease, lymphadenitis can be, like many other diseases, acute and chronic, according to the type of infectious agent - specific and non-specific, according to its progression - purulent and non-purulent.

Acute lymphadenitis is characterized by a rapidly progressive course of the disease, when the symptoms gradually increase and, with appropriate treatment, gradually subside. All this happens in a relatively short period of time.

Chronic lymphadenitis drags on for a long time, can last up to several months or even years. Usually this form of the disease is associated with other chronic diseases of the body, which make themselves felt from time to time.

Nonspecific lymphadenitis is caused by various pyogenic microbes - staphylococci, streptococci and others, as well as the toxins they secrete and tissue breakdown products at the site of the purulent process.

Specific lymphadenitis occurs in diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, plague, etc.

With purulent lymphadenitis, inflammation spreads to the tissue adjacent to the infected node, causing redness and swelling of the tissue, as well as infiltration and suppuration in the node itself, which can burst; with non-purulent inflammation, it does not extend beyond the lymph node.

Reactive lymphadenitis is not a separate form of it, as many people think, but just the name of a rapid process of enlargement of inflamed nodes.

Video: purulent forms of infectious inflammation - why are they dangerous?

Causes of lymphadenitis, taking into account localization

Cervical

The most common type of lymphadenitis is cervical lymphadenitis. The cause of its appearance is the influenza virus, pneumonia, tonsillitis, purulent sore throat, acute respiratory infections and others infectious diseases. Also, the cause of lymphadenopathy of the cervical nodes can be some diseases of the oral cavity that occur sluggishly - gingivitis, periodontal disease, caries.

Submandibular

location of lymph nodes in the neck and head

If the focus of inflammation is in the mouth, submandibular lymphadenitis may occur. The cause may be diseases such as tonsillitis, caries (especially old ones) and various gum diseases.

Inguinal

Widespread inguinal lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes located in the groin) may result from concomitant disease accompanied by inflammation and a sign of venereal disease. There is an opinion that in children, groin lymphadenitis is much less common than in adults. Any injury with infection in the groin area can also cause this type of inflammation, but only in people with an overly weakened immune system.

Axillary

Do not be surprised if a doctor examining a patient calls the cause of axillary lymphadenitis inflammation of the tonsils or caries. Bacteria carried by lymph can enter the axillary lymph nodes from the chest, shoulder girdle, as well as from the neck or face, resulting in axillary lymphadenitis.

More rare localizations

A puncture of the ear that causes suppuration, squeezing out a blackhead with accidental introduction of dirt into the wound and other injuries leading to an inflammatory process can cause parotid lymphadenitis, which is considered the most dangerous because it can lead to meningitis.

The cause of lymphadenitis, most often found in children and called mesenteric (it is formed in the mesenteric nodes), is all common diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as inflammation in the tonsils. A disease such as tuberculosis also appears on the list of causes of this type of problem with the lymph nodes.

Treatment of lymphadenitis

Treatment of any type of lymphadenitis requires a mandatory examination by a doctor. Many patients, especially in the initial stage of the disease, think that inflammation of the lymph nodes can be dealt with on their own and delay a visit to a specialist, thereby only worsening their well-being and increasing the chances of the disease turning into a purulent form.

Lymphadenopathy of the cervical nodes, which manifested itself after suffering from influenza, acute respiratory infections and tonsillitis, usually goes away without medication, on its own, although in some cases the doctor may consider it necessary to prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs to the patient.

If lymphadenitis has progressed to a serious stage and suppuration has appeared in the lymph nodes, it is necessary to take antibiotics, but not chosen independently, but prescribed by the attending physician, since only a specialist can correctly select the right group of drugs.

In addition to following individual recommendations from your doctor, you can speed up the recovery process with the help of physiotherapy, and at home, patients are advised to use anti-inflammatory ointments, take multivitamins and medications that contain a large number of Vitamin C, which is necessary for the body during inflammatory processes.

The patient should drink plenty of water, stay warm and avoid hypothermia. Sometimes, when treatment does not bring results and the suppuration on the lymph nodes does not resolve, it is necessary to perform an operation, during which the suppuration is opened to remove the pus that has accumulated there.

How is submandibular lymphadenitis treated?

Treatment of submandibular lymphadenitis is usually carried out locally with Burov's fluid, and doctors use penicillin to suppress the infection. If suppuration has formed, heating with Sollux and warm lotions is prescribed to resolve it, after getting rid of the source of infection. If a whole group of lymph nodes is inflamed, surgical intervention, during which a drainage tube is inserted through a submandibular incision to drain pus.

Inguinal lymphadenitis in men and women is treated in the same way, usually with rest for the patient (limitation of walking and physical activity) and antibiotics wide range actions. To get rid of inflammation in the purulent form of lymphadenitis in the groin, opening and draining the source of suppuration is used.

Relief of inflammation in the armpit area

For axillary lymphadenitis, the infection that caused the disease is initially eliminated (usually this is done with antibiotics), after which the patient is prescribed physiotherapy sessions, restorative exercises and cold compresses until complete recovery. Axillary lymphadenitis that has developed into a purulent form requires surgical intervention.

Among those suffering from lymphadenitis, there is a widespread belief about the effectiveness of folk remedies for the treatment of this disease, and there is indeed some truth in this, since traditional medicine can overcome some of the unpleasant symptoms caused by lymphadenopathy. But we should not forget about back side medals: an infection that has caused serious inflammation cannot be dealt with using folk remedies alone, and therefore, before testing the effectiveness of these methods on yourself, you should consult a doctor.

Video: specialist about lymphadenitis

Hello! My question is this: 2 weeks ago the lymph node on one side under the jaw became inflamed. He grew in size and was sick. After 1.5 weeks it stopped hurting, but did not decrease in size. I didn’t go to the doctors because I feel great, there is no fever or any other signs of deterioration. Should you go to the doctor? Maybe it will go away on its own in a week or two? And if so, which one? Thanks for the answer!

Hello! Most likely, you had lymphadenitis and everything will really go away on its own, but if you have any doubts or concerns about this, then you can consult a general practitioner.

Hello! You should first contact a therapist, since lymphadenitis is most often treated conservatively. Of course, you need to monitor the condition of the lymph nodes and periodically take blood tests. Avoid hypothermia. Don't sit under the air conditioner.

Hello! If the lymph nodes become enlarged when a sore throat appears, then it may well be the cause of your complaints. The therapist could also prescribe appropriate treatment, while there is no way to get to an ENT specialist. Sometimes frequent and recurrent sore throats are an indication for tonsil removal if conservative treatment does not produce an effect, but this should be discussed with an ENT specialist. Now you should:

1. Cure a sore throat.

2. Visit an ENT doctor, preferably during a sore throat, so that he can record the fact of the disease and take smears.

3. Do an ultrasound or biopsy of the lymph nodes.

It may be advisable to also consult an immunologist.

VesselInfo specialist, thank you very much for your answer and support. I'm on day 4 of taking antibiotics and compresses. The lymph node has shrunk very slightly, does not hurt at all, but has become hard to the touch. Tell me, this is the normal dynamics of lymphadenitis. A couple of days ago, tonsillitis began, as you expected! I drink Pharmacitron (a packet at night) and gargle every two hours (salt + soda + warm water). By the way, my throat has already returned to normal :)

Hello! The dynamics are positive, which means that the treatment is bringing results. Get better!

Good afternoon I would be very grateful for your advice. The left buccal lymph node was inflamed. I visited a private dentist, then a dental surgeon, who sent me for a consultation with a maxillofacial dental surgeon. In general, there is an ultrasound, which shows inflammation of the ear, a picture of the teeth, which is clean, that is, the teeth are in order. Can the inflammation of the buccal mucosa be affected by the diagnosis made by an endocrinologist - moderate thyrotoxicosis? The dental surgeon prescribed the antibiotic lincomycin and compresses with 30% dimexide. He said to see me in 5-6 days, if the lymph node does not subside, they will cut it. The lymph node hurts only when pressed, there are no wounds in the oral cavity! I don’t know what to do... Thanks in advance!

Hello! Firstly, do not panic, because lymphadenitis is a fairly common phenomenon. Secondly, you need to take an antibiotic and apply compresses. It is likely that the inflammation will go away after conservative treatment and you won't need to cut anything. As a last resort, if you still have to open the inflamed lymph node, then you shouldn’t panic either, this procedure does not take much time and is well tolerated by patients. The connection with thyrotoxicosis is doubtful; rather, the reason is different (hypothermia, tonsillitis). For now, take the prescribed medication, apply compresses and wait for improvement, it will certainly come.

Hello! On the third day, inflamed lymph nodes (mastoid, occipital) are bothering me. Throbbing and periodically shooting pain, a splitting headache, a feeling that these lumps will soon burst, a feeling of pressure from the inside. It hurts even to lie on the left side of the head. This morning, bumps appeared on the neck and at the angle of the lower jaw, it hurt to open the mouth, the throat and neck began to hurt (limited mobility). I saw a therapist, didn’t say anything specific, just prescribed ciprofloxacin. Please tell me what to do.

Hello! In addition to a therapist, it would be worth consulting an ENT specialist and a dentist to find out the cause of lymphadenitis. In any case, treatment consists of prescribing antibiotics, which the doctor prescribed. In addition to antibiotics, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids and be gentle.

Hello. About a year ago (a year and a half after giving birth), the lymph nodes in the armpit became inflamed. They didn’t hurt, didn’t turn red, just slightly enlarged. At that time I had not breastfed for about six months. The mammologist diagnosed diffuse mastopathy and prescribed Mastodinon. I drank it, it all went away and I forgot. But now, a year later, the same picture has been there for more than two months. Only this time the doctor said that the lymph nodes had nothing to do with the breast. I prescribed Mastodinon again. He did not order any further tests. I've been drinking for more than a month, there is no improvement. Before I discovered them, I was very cold, and before that I also had an acute respiratory infection. My question is: what tests can be done in this case? Do I need to do fluorography and cardiogram? And in general, what diseases can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpit? There is so much vague information or horror stories on the Internet that you don’t even want to live. Thank you very much in advance for your answer.

Hello! You should go to a surgeon, have an ultrasound of the lymph nodes and, if necessary, a biopsy (the doctor can tell you about this). There are quite a few reasons for enlarged lymph nodes, from simple inflammation to a tumor process, but you do not need to panic, a good doctor will help you find the cause of lymphadenopathy and prescribe the correct treatment.

Hello! I am 34 years old, about 17 years ago, probably after another “cold,” the submandibular, cervical, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes became painfully inflamed. He was treated unsuccessfully with antibiotics under the supervision of an ENT specialist. Infections such as HIV were not confirmed (including by recent tests). I went to oncologists - the histology of the puncture of the supraclavicular lymph node showed simply granularity, the radiological scan also did not reveal anything. As a result, I received a diagnosis of chronic lymphadenitis of unknown origin + “if it doesn’t get worse, then live like this.” Then all the lymph nodes returned to normal, but there was a constant swelling on the left side under the ear, in the cavity behind the jaw. As far as I understand, the salivary gland partially exits there. The swelling is painful, worsens during a cold, the lumen of the Eustachian tube is reduced (a clear sensation of the difference between the right and left ear). I did an ultrasound of these areas, but nothing special was found. The doctors don't believe I have anything in my cavity. They say there's a bone there. But I feel the difference very well. I don’t even know which doctor to contact, who would plan the diagnosis, because the problem is precisely with the diagnosis. Dentists did not detect any pathologies.

Hello! Try an MRI or CT scan of the area. If there is a pathology, it will definitely be visible. An ENT specialist, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and an oncologist can plan a diagnosis.

Hello! Please tell me, the child has a lump in the armpit area, but not in the armpit, but at the beginning of the arm (approximately where the biceps muscle begins, just a little lower to the inside of the arm). An ultrasound shows an anechoic avascular formation; a hematologist and a surgeon question lymphadenitis. They sent me home and told me to apply Vishnevsky ointment for a month. Before this, the child was sick (cough, fever), then, in addition to everything else, they discovered sinusitis, inflammation of the adenoids and everything related to this. In addition, the upper teeth are carious. I have a question: could there be a lymph node in this place? For three weeks now, in principle, it doesn’t seem to be growing, but it’s not decreasing either (maybe only a little), and it’s not bothering me.

Hello! There may be a lymph node in this place and it is very likely that the child has lymphadenitis, as the doctors told you. Follow their recommendations.

Thank you very much for the answer! Another question: how long can a lymph node pass in a child (a 3.5-year-old girl)? What other treatment can be applied to make it decrease?

It all depends on the reason for its increase and general condition child. There is no need to do anything other than what is prescribed.

Hello! For a month and a half, the lymph node in the neck was enlarged, not very mobile, but mobile. It started with a blow in my ear and a pain on the side of my neck. When I felt it, I went for an ultrasound. The doctor gave a conclusion: lymphadenitis. Consultation with ENT and dentist. Laura has no comments on the condition of his ear, but it hurts. She prescribed an x-ray of the sinuses because she had sinusitis. And at the dentist I’m treating my lower chewing tooth. He began to react slightly to hot and cold. They removed the nerve, but the pain in the jaw does not go away, it’s been a week now. There is a little inflammation under the ear and it hurts when pressed, the bottom of the jaw hurts, it hurts to chew (I don’t chew on this side), they took an x-ray, they say everything is ok. The pain radiates to the ear, a slight aching. The cervical lymph node is also enlarged, a month ago the blood was at rest, but a fresh analysis showed a 3-fold increase in leukocytes! I’m very scared, I have a small infant(((I’m now taking antibiotics for the second day. So far there’s no particular effect. It turned out that I donated blood 2 days before menstruation, I don’t know if this has an effect. And a month and a half ago I removed a mole on back, histology showed a nevus, I hope not because of it. Sorry for such an extensive text... What should I do next? What analysis should I take?

Hello! First of all, don't panic. Changes in the blood test may be associated with the presence of an inflammatory focus in your jaw area, and menstruation could also contribute to the worsening of leukocytosis. The removed nevus does not play any role at the moment; there is no need to think about it. Of course, you need to decide what exactly hurts under the ear - an x-ray, an ultrasound (an x-ray to monitor the condition of the bone, and an ultrasound will show changes in the soft tissues, if any). Try consulting a good dentist or (even better) an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, if possible. For now, continue the prescribed treatment and wish you a speedy recovery!

Hello! 3 days ago I fell ill with a sore throat, I take Flemoxin Solutab (prescribed by the doctor). Yesterday I noticed that my groin hurts, it’s not swollen, it hurts when you press. Could this be due to a sore throat?

Hello! It is not easy to connect pain in the groin and sore throat, and it is even more difficult to make a diagnosis on the Internet, so you need to see a doctor.

The other day I caught a cold, my throat was very sore, my temperature was 37.5. That same evening I felt pain and discomfort in the area of ​​the inguinal lymph nodes, went to the toilet and discovered a huge abscess purulent pimple, so painful that you can’t touch it. At night I applied aloe and covered it with a band-aid. The next day the pain went away, when touched, pus and blood came out, the lump under the skin remained, and it didn’t hurt when pressed. What to do? Help me please.

Hello! You need to go to the doctor for an examination, because it is impossible to make a diagnosis or determine what exactly you have developed on the Internet. It is better if it is a surgeon or gynecologist (if the formation is on the genitals).

Hello! I already wrote to you. Axillary lymphadenitis due to a scratch on the finger. I took antibiotics for 7 days; in general, about three weeks have passed since the onset of the disease. At first it felt better and the pain became less, but the day before yesterday the same lymph node started to hurt again. But there is no temperature like the first time. Tell me, what could it be? How long can they take to heal after antibiotic treatment? And is it possible to make such a diagnosis based only on an ultrasound; they didn’t ask for tests? Thank you!

Hello! It could be the same lymphadenitis, or perhaps the reason is something else. Lymphadenitis can be diagnosed based on ultrasound, and we have no reason to doubt the specialist’s conclusion. Changes can take a long time to regress, it all depends on the cause and the general condition of the body. You can visit your doctor again and discuss the possibility of additional tests if the doctor deems it appropriate.

Hello! Thanks for the answer! A blood test showed: hemoglobin 118 g/l and ESR 23 mm/h, the rest is normal. There is no temperature, my arm has stopped hurting and the lymph node in my armpit seems to have shrunk a little and almost doesn’t hurt, but for some reason a small area of ​​the muscle next to and behind my armpit hurts. Tell me, what could it be? How long does it take for an inflamed lymph node to heal?

I also had a cold in my throat on the same side, but it seems to be going away.

And please tell me, can I play sports?

Another “uzist”, when I looked at it last time, said, a conglomerate of lymph nodes like a bunch, what does that mean? We have scheduled a puncture, do you think it’s worth it? I'm just very afraid to travel far to another city.

Sorry for so many questions.

1. A blood test indicates possible anemia (decreased hemoglobin) and an inflammatory process (increased ESR). Anemia can be a consequence of poor nutrition, diets, blood loss during heavy menstruation, etc. Inflammatory process - colds, lymphadenitis.

2. The muscle area may hurt from inflammation (myositis), injury (including during sports), or sprain.

3. It can take a long time for a lymph node to “heal,” depending on the cause of its inflammation and the condition of the body.

4. It is better to hold off on sports until you have been completely examined and more serious changes than banal lymphadenitis have been ruled out.

5. Conglomerate of lymph nodes - a condition when several lymph nodes are enlarged and resemble a bunch of grapes.

6. It is worth doing the puncture; the possibility of its appointment has already been mentioned in previous answers.

Don't be afraid, it's better to go to another city and make sure that nothing bad happens than to live in ignorance.

Recently I was walking late in the evening without a scarf and hat (very smart), and I stretched my neck. The next day I discovered a submandibular lump on the right side, and my gums hurt. If you press a little, it hurts behind the ear. The condition is not very good, there seems to be no temperature, but general weakness is felt. I read it on the Internet and was completely confused. I’m studying in another city now, so I can’t go to the hospital yet. Tell me what should I do?

Hello! It is likely that you are experiencing an inflammatory process due to hypothermia, your throat may be sore, there may be signs of a cold, etc. Of course, it would be advisable to go to the doctor, because at your place of study you belong to some kind of clinic. Find out where you can go for medical help and consult a specialist, because the Internet will definitely not help you make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

Please help me with advice!

On the second day of menstruation, the lymph nodes in the groin enlarged. I went to the hospital and had tests - more or less normal, but they showed an inflammatory process. The gynecologist examined me and said that everything was fine. They can’t make an accurate diagnosis, they prescribed antibiotics, I’ve been taking it for 5 days now, but there’s no change. What to do?

Hello! If tests show an inflammatory process, then we can no longer talk about normality. You need to take the prescribed treatment and be examined for infections in the genital tract (an examination by a gynecologist may not be enough). If the lymph nodes do not return to normal, and tests do not help establish the exact cause of their enlargement, then doctors may resort to puncture. In any case, you should adhere to the recommendations of the doctors who are observing you.

Good evening! This is the problem: I treated ureaplasma, took a course of antibiotics, during this it blew heavily, the lymph node “jumped up” behind the ear, at first it hurt, a day after the compresses the pain disappeared, but the lump remained, hard, does not hurt and does not shrink, throat, ears are normal , I saw an ENT specialist, there was no temperature, the blood test was normal, the ESR was at the lower limit of normal, immunity had apparently decreased a lot... I’ve been taking the antibiotic ciprofloxacin for 4 days now, nothing is going away, the lump remains... What could it be? Lymphadenitis? I think I read that he acute pain and temperature, but I don’t have that...or is it something worse?

Hello! Yes, most likely you have lymphadenitis, the pain was there, but it went away, especially since you are taking antibiotics. Lymph nodes decrease in size after inflammatory processes more slowly than they “pop out,” so you just need to continue treatment and wait for improvements. If nothing changes after the course of treatment, consult a doctor.

Hello! An ultrasound showed lymphadenitis, antibiotics were prescribed, but she did not undergo any tests. Is it correct?

I have lymphadenitis in my armpit, it hurts a lot, and the scratch on my finger that caused it is not healing, or rather, the wound is healing, but my finger is still red. Tell me, do I need to deal with the finger separately or will antibiotics cure everything? And how long does it take to get relief from armpit pain? It hurts a lot. I use the antibiotic for the first day. Thank you!

Hello! It is likely that lymphadenitis is associated with a finger injury, in which case the finger may heal, but the lymph node will still be felt for some time. Antibiotics should help, of course, not from the first day of use. Wait until you have been treated for the entire prescribed period, then wait for improvement or go to the doctor again.

Hello! I need your help. A week ago I pierced my tongue, the submandibular lymph nodes ached and the lymph nodes on my neck were very inflamed. I took broad-spectrum antibiotics, but they didn’t help, what should I do? There is also pain under the jaw.

Hello! You should contact your surgeon to examine the puncture site and prescribe appropriate medications. Do not self-medicate, it can be dangerous.

Hello! Please tell me, after eating something sour I get a lump under my jaw. This started recently. She appears, then disappears. The lump can be quite large. What could be causing this?

Hello! You need to show what is forming under the jaw to the doctor, then it will become clearer what exactly is bothering you, but it is impossible to say anything concrete on the Internet.

Hello, please advise a solution. I'm flying now complex tooth 3 channels, a temporary filling was placed, the channels are cleaned one by one. The tooth hurts when pressed. Now I don’t know why, the parotid lymph node became inflamed, then the submandibular lymph node. And today herpes appeared on the lower eyelid and, it seems to me, inflammation of the trigeminal facial nerve because half of my face hurts. All this is on the side of the face where the tooth is being treated, except for the parotid node. No temperature.

Hello! It is most likely that inflammation of the lymph nodes is associated with dental problems, but neuritis of the facial nerve may be associated with an exacerbation herpetic infection. In any case, you should consult a neurologist or therapist about facial pain, and notify your dentist about enlarged lymph nodes; perhaps he will offer additional drug treatment.

The dentist said it was not herpes, but a nerve and lymph node that were swollen. I rinsed it with salt and soda + Acyclovir with vitamins, everything disappeared. Thanks for the answer.

Hello, my child is 2 years old. 10 months, three days ago the posterior cervical lymph nodes enlarged, the left one is stronger. I suspect it's from hypothermia. They took tests, urine was normal, blood - stab 22%, other indicators were normal. The doctor advised me to take another blood test, the child feels fine, there is no fever, and the lymph nodes have shrunk today. I ask for your advice, thank you!

Hello! The doctor is right, it’s worth retaking the tests and monitoring the child. After receiving the results, take your child to the pediatrician again.

Hello. Two weeks ago I had a sore throat, there was a slight white coating. I think it's a sore throat. But I had no fever, although usually my sore throat is very severe. I took a course of Amoxiclav. On the third day everything went away, but the plaque remained. The cervical lymph nodes on the right were also enlarged. After 4 days, my throat hurt again, and the plaque remained in the same places. On the third day everything went away again. And now, after 5 days, my throat hurts again, the plaque there and the lymph node are still enlarged. There is no fever or general weakness. What is this? This has never happened before, plaque that does not go away and an enlarged lymph node.

Hello! You need to see an ENT doctor, because without an examination, in absentia, no conclusions can be drawn. It could be a sore throat or other changes in the tonsils. If it is not possible to get to an ENT specialist, then a therapist will be able to help you.

A slight inflammation of the lymph nodes behind the ear and immediately below one became inflamed on the neck, just below the jaw on the side. In general, I have terrible caries and this is 100% of it. The question is, can these lymph nodes cause my blood pressure to jump, or rather increase my blood pressure? I don’t have a fever, these nodes don’t hurt. The lymph nodes in the neck are relatively large, behind the ear in the area of ​​1 cm or even less and seem to be decreasing. The fact is that my nerves are not in order and my blood pressure and so on can be caused by them, I already had a terrible condition once, a rapid pulse and so on. I think my blood pressure was also high, in the end I went to a bunch of doctors and was sent to a psychotherapist, where they diagnosed me with a nervous breakdown or something like that. I took a course of antidepressants and so on, and eventually all the physical symptoms went away. In general, I think that my condition is due to nerves (there are reasons now, I’ve been very nervous for the last year, problems at work, in the family). Or this could be due to lymph nodes and teeth. And maybe it’s worth taking something from the medicine?

Hello! Lymphadenitis does not cause increased blood pressure. The most likely reason is stress and neurosis, so it is better to go to a psychotherapist again for the right treatment.

To shrink lymph nodes, you need to visit a dentist and treat caries, since the consequences can be quite unfavorable, including the development of a systemic inflammatory reaction and even sepsis. Only sanitation of the oral cavity and careful dental care will help get rid of the problem caused by caries.

Good afternoon The cervical lymph nodes have been bothering me since May after a cold, I saw an ENT specialist, he rinsed my throat, there were plugs and plaque, I went to the therapist, he sent me to a hematologist, he prescribed Cycloferon, I was pricked and had a detailed blood test. The doctors said everything was fine, but the nodes did not go away completely, they pulled and tingled, I still had cervical osteochondrosis and the occipital and facial nerves became inflamed. I injected Artrosan and Kombilipen, sent me for fluorography - normal, to a gynecologist - also normal and no atypical cells were detected, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity - normal, only the pancreas is uneven, apparently after treatment of ulcers and gastritis. Ultrasound in gynecology - the ovaries are normal, but I have uterine fibroids, which I have had since 2004! What could it be? And they also felt a lump on the back of my neck. Thank you!

Hello! Most likely, this is cervical lymphadenitis due to infections of the ENT organs or problems with the oral cavity. To exclude other pathologies, take periodic blood tests. It would also be advisable to consult an immunologist. It is impossible to say anything concrete about the “bump” on the neck, since it is not known what kind of formation it is. You can go to a surgeon who will prescribe additional tests (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI).

Good afternoon After hypothermia on the left side of the neck, the cervical lymph node became inflamed. Also, before this, the gums of the eight on the bottom right were inflamed. The gum had to be trimmed, the wound took quite a long time to heal. The lymph node under the jaw was also inflamed, but now it is normal. Regarding inflammation of the cervical node, I visited a surgeon who prescribed antibiotics. After taking a five-day course, the node decreased, but did not disappear completely. Another surgeon also prescribed an anti-inflammatory drug and ointment. I didn’t consider it necessary to do a blood test, since I saw tests from about a year ago that were normal. A couple of weeks ago I also had a thyroid ultrasound, abdominal ultrasound and chest x-ray. The doctors examined the neck and everything was normal. And now the node is inflamed. When palpated, it is quite painful, but after taking Nemulex and Voltaren, the pain subsided. The node is getting smaller, but slowly. It is now the seventh day since it increased. Could this be the case and how soon will it resolve? I need to take Nimesulide for another five days. Thank you!

Hello! Continue treatment, lymphadenitis will definitely go away, it’s hard to say how soon, but you shouldn’t worry too much. Take the prescribed medications, and it would still be good to have at least a general blood test.

Hello. My son had cervical lymphadenitis. The pediatrician prescribed Amoxicillin and Cytovir-3 and took it for 7 days. The lymph nodes are barely visible and do not bother us, but the temperature does not go away, it constantly jumps from 36.8 to 37.2, and today we went outside for 20 minutes and rose to 37.4. The pediatrician didn't find anything. Please tell me why there might be such a temperature? The child is 4 years old and feels well. Thank you.

Hello! The temperature usually rises during inflammatory processes, infectious diseases, and problems with the immune system. If the pediatrician examined the child and found nothing, then we will certainly not be able to clarify the reason. Get blood and urine tests and monitor your child.

I took a blood and urine test, everything was normal, HIV negative, the doctor advised me to take two courses of Immunal in a row, which I did, now the lymph node in the chin area has become dense again. The lymph nodes are not inflamed, they do not cause much pain, they do not cause pain mainly in the jaw area, the teeth do not bother the sore throat and other diseases of the oral cavity do not bother me, I noticed a trend - once every week and a half they become denser and after 3-6 days they return to their original position. Tell me what this could be and what to do about it? Thanks in advance!

Hello! It could be anything, but you should consult an ENT specialist, dentist and immunologist to clarify the reasons.

Hello. I have enlarged lymph nodes in my armpit. two weeks before, a mole in the other armpit (benign) was removed. The lymph nodes have been there for two weeks now. I took antibiotics for 10 days. during this time they did not decrease. but if at first it hurt, now it doesn’t hurt at all. no temperature. I feel fine. Is 10 days of treatment not enough? Approximately how long does it take to treat? is there any reason to worry? I also take echinacea tincture.

Hello! The lymph nodes will return to normal over time, since there is no pain or fever and you feel normal, then the treatment has an effect. There is no need to worry too much, but it would be right to monitor your condition and visit a doctor to monitor the dynamics of lymphadenitis.

Lymphadenitis is inflammatory processes lymph nodes, specific and nonspecific. Occurs when staphylococcal and streptococcal infections are introduced into the patient’s body. The disease is observed in both adults, children and adolescents.

Pathology can be divided into two main groups:

• nonspecific;
• specific.

The causative agents of the nonspecific form of the disease are, as a rule, all kinds of pyogenic microbes that enter the lymph nodes from foci of inflammation, accompanied by purulent processes, along with the bloodstream or through close contact.

This disease is divided into purulent and non-purulent, and according to the form of its course it is divided into acute and chronic. Purulent lymphadenitis forms a focus of suppuration called adenophlegmon.

A specific form of lymphadenitis is caused by pathogens of such well-known diseases as: tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, actinomycosis, plague, anthrax, tularemia and other similar infections.

Lymphadenitis in children is caused by diseases of the throat, nose and ears, common childhood infections and skin diseases.

Lymphadenitis in children is especially common in autumn and winter, when chronic diseases worsen and respiratory infections are present.

The main symptoms indicating this disease may be swelling and painful sensitivity near the inflamed lymph nodes.

Acute lymphadenitis manifests itself quite quickly, initially the lymph node enlarges, followed by painful sensations, and the mobility of the place where the lymphadenitis formed is often limited.

Symptoms of this type of disease are continuous headache, the patient develops weakness, malaise, and increased body temperature.

Chronic lymphadenitis begins with an enlarged lymph node; it is easily palpable and does not cause pain. The increase in the size of the node does not affect a person’s well-being; body temperature also remains unchanged.

Regional lymphadenitis is manifested by an inflammatory reaction that collects lymph from this area, usually observed in the presence of small wounds in a certain area.

Purulent lymphadenitis is characterized by intense and throbbing pain. Lymph nodes connect to surrounding tissues and then become immobile.

Mesenteric lymphadenitis or mesadenitis causes inflammation in the mesenteric lymph nodes, especially often observed in children and adolescents. It manifests itself as abdominal pain localized in the navel area, accompanied by nausea and, in rare cases, vomiting.

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is a disease caused by tuberculous inflammation of the lymph nodes and is considered a type of tuberculosis. Tuberculous lymphadenitis can develop as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis; often the disease affects the cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes, which increase in size, but do not hurt.

Reactive lymphadenitis can occur due to local disorders. Reactive lymphadenitis, after eliminating the causes that caused it, is quickly treatable.

Symptoms of the disease: mild, no fever or headache.

Acute serous lymphadenitis is manifested by an increase in the size of the lymph node, which remains mobile, has a round and oval shape, and body temperature rises.

Submandibular lymphadenitis is the most common form of inflammatory processes of the lymph nodes located under the jaw. This pathology can occur due to chronic tonsillitis, gum inflammation or advanced caries.

This disease is characterized by a gradual increase in symptoms, therefore, it is so important to establish a diagnosis at the very beginning of the disease in order to quickly cure submandibular lymphadenitis.

Axillary lymphadenitis characterizes inflammation of the lymph nodes and involves the collection of lymph from the face, neck, clavicle area, shoulder girdle and chest. Metastases of the breast tumor spread to the lymph nodes of the base of the neck.

Granulomatous lymphadenitis is distinguished by the presence of granulomas or groups of histiocytes. Granulomatous inflammation occurs if the patient’s body contains mycobacteria, spirochetes, chlamydia, and micrococci.

Node enlargement dimensions and degree pain depend on the course of inflammation and the causes of its occurrence.

Diagnosis of the disease involves an initial examination of the lymph nodes using palpation. If the patient is healthy, the nodes are quite soft, do not hurt and are not enlarged.

Then, depending on the results of the examination, a decision is made on the use of other tests:

• a general blood test indicating a change in its composition;
• ultrasound examination of lymph nodes and abdominal organs;
• computed tomography;
• examination by an ENT doctor;
• opening and draining purulent wounds;
• carry out tests to exclude the diagnosis of Quincke's edema in children;
• When diagnosed with specific lymphadenitis: the following are carried out: skin allergy tests, microscopic examination of sputum, blood test, X-ray examination, contact with tuberculosis patients is checked.

Depending on the reasons contributing to the development of lymphadenitis, the treatment method is selected. The disease should be treated immediately after diagnosis.

Therapy for lymphadenitis is dictated by the reasons contributing to its development. Treatment of the pathology should begin immediately, when its first signs appear.

Typically, if lymphadenitis is caused by respiratory infections, the viral infection is treated first, followed by the underlying disease.

To establish a diagnosis and accordingly prescribe the correct treatment, you need to know which doctor to see?

As a rule, the patient initially turns to a general practitioner, and if necessary, he refers to specialized specialists - a surgeon, oncologist, endocrinologist.

At initial signs of lymphadenitis, conservative treatment is used.

• rest conditions are created for the diseased area;
• physiotherapeutic treatment is carried out;
• medications and ointments are used to relieve inflammation;

When the infectious cause of lymphadenitis is confirmed, it is treated with antibiotics, to which the causative agent of the disease that caused the lymphadenitis is sensitive.

If a tuberculosis infection is diagnosed, treatment is carried out in a hospital using anti-tuberculosis therapy.

If a diagnosis of purulent lymphadenitis is made, the festered cavity is opened and drained. After this, the patient is recommended to systematically treat the wound surface and bandage it.

Various types of drugs can be prescribed to treat lymphadenitis:

• antibiotics that clear up the infection;
• analgesic drugs that reduce painful manifestations;
• anti-inflammatory drugs that relieve swelling and inflammation.

If you are diagnosed with purulent or acute lymphadenitis, you should not self-medicate, this can lead to disastrous results, the most the right decision in this situation, go to a medical institution where you will be prescribed effective treatment that will contribute to a speedy recovery.

Traditional medicine in combination with medications will also help in the treatment of lymphadenitis. The following folk remedies can provide the best results in treating the disease at home:

Aloe decoction

• a decoction prepared from aloe leaves is mixed with crushed walnuts and honey;
• We drink the decoction 3 times a day, 1 tbsp. spoon immediately before eating.

• soak gauze with celandine infused with alcohol;
• at night apply to the knot on the neck;
• Cover the celandine compress with a warm scarf.

When treating the disease, echinacea has a positive result, which can be taken orally and made into compresses.

Treatment of lymphadenitis with medications and folk remedies gives a positive effect, the symptoms of the disease decrease, and a long-awaited recovery occurs.

After recovery, treat any wounds seriously and avoid getting infected. If the infection has entered the body, it must be treated. To do this, you need to see a doctor - a surgeon, here the abscesses will be opened and treated. Do not forget about maintaining personal hygiene, which will protect against infection from entering the body. Limit contact with infected patients, and if this happens, take antiviral drugs.

> > > Lymphadenitis - causes and treatment

Regarding the reactive node in the armpit, this means that the lymph node has enlarged as a result of a reaction to any intervention or infection. In any case, you need to rely on the opinion of your doctor.

Copyright © D.A. Krasnozhon. Copying of materials is permitted only with indication of authorship

Reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph glands) is not an independent disease. This pathological process is a concomitant symptom of various diseases, both bacterial and viral etiology.

Reactive lymphadenitis characterizes the initial phase (reactive) of disorders, in the form of a primary reaction to the source of infection in the human body.

Treatment of lymphadenitis itself will not be effective without determining the exact cause that caused the pathological condition.

What is reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis is part of a general chain of painful changes that are practically asymptomatic. Accordingly, a reactive change in the lymph nodes is the initial manifestation of the disease, the first sign of the body’s fight against infection.

For example, with a latent form of tuberculosis (latent), the pathogen (Koch bacillus) can remain in an inactive phase for a long time. It can be completely neutralized by the body's defenses without causing any harm to a person.

However, as a result, often, of a number of negative influences, a dormant infection can become active. Then, with a high probability, the lymph nodes, as an integral part of the immune system, will be the first to take the hit.

The following factors can provoke the appearance of reactive lymphadenitis:

• Chronic inflammation.
• Low immunity.
• Frequent colds.
• Hypothermia.
• Long stay in a stuffy, unventilated room.
• Lack of sunlight.
• Chronic emotional overstrain, severe stress, can trigger the mechanisms of a dormant infection, for example, Koch bacilli in tuberculosis.
• Poor nutrition, mono-diets.
• Frequent overwork.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking).
• Avitaminosis.
• Often, reactive lymphadenitis appears in children under 6 years of age due to immature immunity, as a reaction to any source of inflammation in the child’s body. This may be rhinitis, otitis and acute respiratory viral infections.

Clinical manifestations of reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive inflammation in the lymph nodes is a concomitant symptom of a particular disease.

Often the area of ​​inflamed lymph nodes indicates a local pathological process in the same area, that is, it is located nearby, near the source of inflammation.

The initial sign of reactive lymphadenitis is reactive lymphadenopathy, as the body’s very first reaction in response to infection.

It can manifest itself as an increase in a different number of lymph nodes and their mild soreness.

Left unattended, this pathological process is aggravated by lymphadenitis, which can be recognized by the following signs:

• Enlargement and swelling of the lymph nodes.
• The lymph glands are painful when palpated and pressed on them.
• Swelling and redness of the skin over the affected lymph nodes.
• The glands are not fused to the skin or to each other, they are dense to the touch.

Depending on the factors that trigger the development of reactive lymphadenitis, it may be accompanied by the following manifestations:

• General weakness.
• Elevated or low-grade (37°C) body temperature.
• Headache.
• Sleep disturbance.
• Cough.
• Rhinitis.

Important! If you experience severe pain in the area of ​​one lymph node or a whole group of them, an increase in body temperature of more than 38.5 ° C, rapid breathing and heartbeat (signs of purulent lymphadenitis), you must urgently consult a doctor

The fact is that with reactive lymphadenopathy after treatment of the underlying disease, the lymph nodes almost always return to normal on their own.

However, if the primary pathology is left without appropriate therapy or treatment is insufficient, the process may be complicated by painful changes in the lymph glands themselves.

In this case, there may be a proliferation of lymphoid tissue, with the development of reactive hyperplasia in the lymph nodes, with disruption of their function.

This can cause them to fester or spread the infection to nearby tissues and the entire human body.

What diseases and conditions can be accompanied by reactive inflammation of the lymph glands

Reactive lymphadenitis can accompany diseases such as:

• Tuberculosis. The parotid and axillary nodes often become inflamed. Lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes may also occur.
• Angina.
• Tonsillitis.
• Pathological process in the oral cavity (caries, stomatitis).
• Acute mastitis caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria.
• AIDS.
• Syphilis.
• Diseases of the female and male genitourinary system. For example, hyperplastic (tissue proliferation). Abnormal changes in the uterine mucosa (polyps, endometrial hyperplasia). Women often experience enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
• Enterocolitis.
• Flu.
• Otitis.
• Sinusitis.
• Teething in infants.
• Adenoiditis in children.
• Bubonic plague.

Which specialist should you contact if your lymph nodes are enlarged or inflamed for no apparent reason?

Reactive lymph node hyperplasia is dangerous because it can go unnoticed by the patient.

In case of general weakness, increased fatigue, low-grade body temperature, sweating, as well as any malaise, it is necessary to pay attention to the lymph nodes.

If they increase or become painful during palpation, you should first consult a general practitioner.

After the examination, the doctor may give a referral to specialists such as:

What tests can the doctor prescribe?

If reactive lymphadenitis is detected, in order to understand the cause of the disease and determine the condition of the lymph glands themselves, the doctor may prescribe the following tests:

• General analysis of urine and blood (with formula).
• Blood for syphilis, HIV, viral hepatitis.
• Bacteriological examination of blood and urine. To identify pathogens and sensitivity to antibiotics.
• Tumor markers.
• Blood for hormone levels.
• Biochemistry.
• Cytological and bacteriological analysis of vaginal and urethral discharge.
• Bacteriological culture of sputum.
• Puncture of the lymph node followed by cytological examination.

Also, a patient with reactive lymphadenitis may be recommended by the doctor to undergo instrumental diagnostics such as:

• X-ray (fluorography, mammography, urography).
• Computed tomogram (CT).
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Gastroduodenoscopy.
• Sigmoidoscopy.
• Bronchoscopy.

Treatment

Reactive lymphadenitis can be the initial symptom of many diseases. Accordingly, its treatment will be based on eliminating the source of infection itself.

If the infectious agent of the pathological process is bacterial flora, then antibiotic therapy is used first.

A fungal infection is treated, for example, with drugs such as:

To combat a viral infection, the following antiviral agents will be effective:

Important! You cannot self-medicate reactive lymphadenitis. This pathology can be a manifestation of various diseases, which only a doctor can determine. All of the above medications are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

Prevention

Preventive measures for reactive lymphadenitis include the following:

• For any symptoms of illness (low-grade fever, sweating, chills, fatigue) that last more than 5 days, consult a doctor.
• Women should visit a mammologist and gynecologist once a year. After forty years, undergo a mammogram every 12 months, visit a gynecologist every six months.
• Men undergo preventive examinations with a urologist once a year.
• In case of prolonged weakness or prolonged cough, consult a doctor.
• In damp, slushy weather, during epidemics, to increase immunity, you need to take decoctions and tinctures of herbs that strengthen the body's defenses. For example, such as:
  • Tinctures of Echinacea and Eleutherococcus can be purchased at the pharmacy. Take after consultation with your doctor in accordance with the attached instructions.
  • Rose hip decoction. This drink can be prepared using a thermos in the following way:

1. Rinse a liter thermos with boiling water.
2. Place 2 tablespoons of rose hips, washed under running water.
3. Pour in a liter of just boiled water.
4. Leave for 8 hours.
5. Then strain through 4 layers of gauze into a liter glass container.
6. Replenish the missing volume with boiled water.

There is no need to throw away the berries remaining in the thermos. They can be poured with boiling water a second time and used according to the above scheme.

Also, for the normal functioning of the immune system and the prevention of various diseases, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to avoid physical and emotional stress, engage in physical exercise as much as possible, eat well, do not neglect rest, sleep, and be in the fresh air as often as possible.

Snoring is always an unpleasant, irritating sound.

Features of inflammatory diseases in children.

The human lymphatic system is directly connected to.

Despite the rapid development of medicine, many.

HIV infection is one of the most dangerous diseases.

The information on the site is provided solely for popular informational purposes, does not claim to be reference or medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. Consult your healthcare provider.

Ultrasound of lymph nodes. Reactive lymphadenitis

Very often, lymph nodes become enlarged due to a nonspecific inflammatory process - reactive lymphadenitis occurs (of a non-tumor nature), and in this case, ultrasound data of the lymph nodes are very important as a differential diagnosis.

For ease of diagnosis, all nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis is divided as follows:

1. According to the course of the disease: 1) acute; 2) subacute; 3) chronic lymphadenitis.
2. According to the localization of the process: 1) isolated; 2) regional; 3) common; 4) generalized lymphadenitis.

Those reactive changes that occur in response to various pathological processes in the body (such as an inflammatory process or vaccination) contribute to the appearance of such ultrasound signs as: an increase in the size of the lymph node, tension in its capsule, increased vascular pattern of the lymph node, expansion its cortical and pericortical zones, swelling and disintegration of the capsule, dilatation of the sinuses are determined, and single anechoic structures of a “cystic” nature may be found in the lymph node; in the future, abscess formation may occur. It is also necessary to take into account that changes in the lymph nodes that are located next to the tumor, with ultrasound of the lymph nodes, can also manifest themselves in the form of a nonspecific inflammatory reaction.

Hyperplastic nodes, according to ultrasound of the lymph nodes, are often oval in shape, their echostructure is hyperechoic, with a thin hypoechoic rim, which occupies about 1/3 of the node; If we talk about the size of the affected lymph nodes, then the size of the lymph nodes in groin areas, as a rule, no more than 3.5x1.5 cm, in other anatomical areas - 2.5x1 cm. The ratio of the thickness to the length of the lymph nodes in cases of hyperplasia does not exceed 1:2. The contours of such lymph nodes are clear and even. With the development of reactive lymphadenitis, the anatomical architecture of the node is preserved. If you encounter hypoechoic nodes of an oval or round shape, with smooth, clear contours, small in size, sometimes with a hyperechoic center that occupies less than 2/3 of the node, such lymph nodes can be either hyperplastic or metastatic.

The vessels in the inflamed lymph node are more dilated compared to the vessels of the metastatic lymph node, which, on the contrary, are usually compressed by tumor cells.

In both normal and reactively changed lymph nodes during the inflamed process, visible vessels are more often located in the area of ​​the hilum of the lymph node or are not detected at all. In a hyperplastic lymph node big size the vascular pattern in its peripheral parts is always ordered, blood vessels are identified along the capsule, and are also located radially from the hilum to the periphery.

With node hyperplasia, if adequate treatment of the lymph nodes has been carried out with a positive effect, they become less contrasting, and a decrease in their size is also noted. In chronic lymphadenitis, thickening of the capsule of the lymph nodes and signs of adhesion to the tissues surrounding the node are often observed.

Lymph node hyperplasia

Lymph node hyperplasia is a serious problem in clinical medicine.

In fact, hyperplasia (Greek - super formation) is a pathological process associated with an increase in the intensity of reproduction (proliferation) of tissue cells of any type and location. This process can begin anywhere, and its result is an increase in tissue volume. And, in fact, such hypertrophied cell division leads to the formation of tumors.

However, it should be noted that lymph node hyperplasia is not a disease, but clinical symptom. And many experts attribute it to lymphadenopathy - increased formation of lymphoid tissue, which causes their increase. And lymph nodes are known to enlarge in response to any infection and inflammation.

ICD-10 code

Causes of lymph node hyperplasia

When characterizing the causes of lymph node hyperplasia, it is necessary to clarify that lymphoid or lymphatic tissue (consisting of reticuloendothelial cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, lymphatic follicles, macrophages, dendrites, lymphoblasts, mast cells, etc.) is located not only in the parenchyma of the organs of the lymphatic system : regional lymph nodes, spleen, thymus glands, pharyngeal tonsils. This tissue is also present in the bone marrow, in the mucous membranes of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract. And if there is a focus of chronic inflammation in any organ, accumulations of lymphoid tissue cells appear there too - to protect the body from the infection attacking it.

But we are interested in the regional lymph nodes, which ensure the production of lymphocytes and antibodies, filtering lymph and regulating its flow from organs. Today, the causes of lymph node hyperplasia are considered as the reasons for their enlargement, which is an immune response to any pathological process that makes changes both in the dynamics of tissue metabolism of the lymph node and in the ratio of certain cells. For example, in response to genetically distinct cells (antigens) in a lymph node, the production of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages) increases; When bacteria and microbes enter the lymph nodes, their waste products and neutralized toxins accumulate. And in the case of oncology, hyperplasia of the lymph nodes can involve any of their cells in the pathological process of proliferation. This causes an increase in size, change in shape and structure fibrous capsule lymph node. Moreover, the tissues of the lymph nodes can grow beyond the capsule, and in the case of metastases from other organs, they can be replaced by their malignant cells.

Based on this, lymph node hyperplasia can be of infectious, reactive or malignant origin.

Hyperplasia of lymph nodes of infectious etiology

Hyperplasia of the lymph nodes (in the sense of an increase in their size) is a response to infection in diseases such as lymphadenitis caused by strepto- or staphylococci, rubella, chicken pox, infectious hepatitis, felinosis (cat scratch disease); tuberculosis, HIV, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegaly, tularemia, brucellosis, chlamydia, syphilis, actinomycosis, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis.

With nonspecific lymphadenitis, depending on the location, hyperplasia of the lymph nodes in the neck, lower jaw or axillary lymph nodes is observed. Enlargement of the axillary lymph nodes has been noted with mastitis, inflammation of the joints and muscle tissues upper limbs, brucellosis, felinosis, etc.

Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and nasopharynx (with actinomycosis, caries, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, etc.) are characterized by hyperplasia submandibular lymph nodes, postauricular, preglottic and retropharyngeal. And when infectious mononucleosis Only the cervical lymph nodes become enlarged.

In the case of rubella, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, as well as syphilis, doctors note hyperplasia of the cervical lymph nodes. In addition, the symptoms of tuberculosis include hyperplasia of the intrathoracic and mediastinal lymph nodes. At the same time, healthy cells of lymphoid tissue are gradually displaced in the lymph nodes by necrotic masses of a caseous nature.

Hyperplasia of the mesenteric lymph nodes is also characteristic of tuberculosis. In addition, a significant increase in the lymph nodes of the mesenteric section of the small intestine occurs due to damage by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, an acute infectious disease transmitted by rodents and arthropods.

Hyperplasia of the inguinal lymph nodes is noted by doctors in infectious mononucleosis, toxoplasmosis, brucellosis and actinomycosis, as well as in all genital infections and HIV.

Symptoms of lymph node hyperplasia

Lymph node hyperplasia, as mentioned above, is a symptom of a wide range of diseases. The most important task is to identify symptoms of lymph node hyperplasia that confirm or refute the malignant pathogenesis of increased cell division.

If the lymph node enlarges quickly (up to 2 cm and a little more), if painful sensations arise when palpating, and the consistency of the node is quite soft and elastic, then there is every reason to say: this lymph node hyperplasia arose as a result of an infectious lesion or an inflammatory process. This is confirmed by redness of the skin in the lymph node area.

When the lymph node enlarges slowly, there is no pain during palpation, and the node itself is very dense - there is a high probability that the process is malignant. And with metastases, the enlarged lymph node literally grows into the surrounding tissue and can form “colonies.”

The location of the hypertrophied lymph node is also important. Hyperplasia of the submandibular, cervical and axillary lymph nodes speaks in favor of its benignity. The same cannot be said about hyperplasia of the supraclavicular, mediastinal, retroperitoneal and lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity.

Where does it hurt?

What's troubling?

Reactive lymph node hyperplasia

Reactive lymph node hyperplasia occurs as a response of the immune system to pathologies of an immune nature. Such pathologies include:

• autoimmune collagenoses (rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis, periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Hamman-Rich syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis); - Wagner's disease or dermatomyositis (systemic disease of skeletal and smooth muscles and skin)
• storage diseases (eosinophilic granuloma, Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Letherer-Sieve disease, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease).

In addition, the reactive form may accompany serum sickness (allergies to the use of immune serum preparations of animal origin), hemolytic anemia(hereditary or acquired), megaloblastic anemia or Addison-Birmer disease (which occurs when there is a deficiency of vitamins B9 and B12) and chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer.

Among autoimmune diseases of the endocrine system, lymph node hyperplasia is characteristic of hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease), the cause of which lies in the increased production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. With this pathology, hyperplasia of the lymph nodes is generalized with increased mitosis of lymphatic follicles.

Experts emphasize that reactive lymph node hyperplasia is characterized by significant proliferative activity and, as a rule, affects the lymph nodes in the neck and lower jaw.

From the point of view of cytomorphology, the reactive form has three types, the most common of which is the follicular form.

Follicular lymph node hyperplasia

Histological studies have shown that a feature of follicular hyperplasia of the lymph nodes is the size and number of secondary follicles that form antibodies, significantly exceeding the norm of lymphoproliferation, as well as the expansion of their reproduction centers (the so-called light centers). These processes occur in the cortex of the lymph nodes. At the same time, secondary follicles behave quite aggressively, displacing other cells, including lymphocytes.

Follicular hyperplasia of the lymph nodes in the neck is diagnosed as characteristic symptom angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia or Castleman's disease. In the localized form of this disease, only one lymph node is enlarged, but this is manifested by periodic pain in the chest or in the abdominal area, weakness, weight loss, attacks of fever. Researchers associate the cause of Castleman's disease with the presence of the herpes virus HHV-8 in the body.

Malignant lymph node hyperplasia

Lymph node hyperplasia of malignant etiology can affect regional nodes throughout the body. Primary ones include lymphomas.

Long-term enlargement of the supraclavicular lymph nodes may indicate cancer of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, intestines, kidneys, ovaries, testicles.

Hyperplasia of the cervical lymph nodes is observed with tumors of the maxillofacial localization, with melanoma in the head and neck area. In patients with tumors of the lungs or mammary glands, oncopathology will certainly manifest itself as hyperplasia axillary lymph nodes. In addition, it occurs with blood cancer.

Hyperplasia of the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes is characteristic of sarcoidosis (with the formation of epithelioid cell granulomas and their subsequent fibrosis).

With leukemia, with malignant neoplasms in the pelvic organs, metastases of prostate, uterine, ovarian, and rectal cancer, both hyperplasia of the lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity and inguinal lymph nodes are usually observed.

With Hodgkin's lymphoma, as a rule, there is a persistent enlargement of the cervical and supraclavicular nodes, as well as hyperplasia of the retroperitoneal and lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity. The significant size of the latter causes dysfunction of the intestines and pelvic organs. In the case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, against the background of anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphopenia, hyperplasia of the cervical and intrathoracic lymph nodes (in the area of ​​the diaphragm), as well as nodes in the elbow and popliteal folds, is detected.

Diagnosis of lymph node hyperplasia

Diagnosis of lymph node hyperplasia must take into account and correctly evaluate all the factors that led to the occurrence of this syndrome. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is necessary, which includes:

• general blood analysis,
• biochemical blood test (including for toxoplasmosis and antibodies),
• blood immunogram,
• analysis for tumor markers,
• general urine analysis,
• throat swab for the presence of pathogenic flora,
• serological tests for syphilis and HIV,
• Pirquet and Mantoux test for tuberculosis,
• Kveim test for sarcoidosis,
• X-ray (or fluorography) of the chest,
• ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of lymph nodes,
• lymphoscintigraphy;
• biopsy (puncture) of the lymph node and histological examination of the biopsy.

In half of the cases, accurate diagnosis is possible only with the help of histological examination after taking a tissue sample from the lymph node.

What needs to be examined?

How to examine?

Who to contact?

Treatment of lymph node hyperplasia

Treatment of lymph node hyperplasia depends on the cause of its occurrence, and therefore there is not and cannot be a single therapeutic regimen. But, according to doctors, complex therapy is necessary in any case.

If an enlarged lymph node is caused by an inflammatory process, it is necessary to fight the infection that led to the inflammation. For example, in the treatment of acute lymphadenitis, compresses are used in the first stages of the disease, but in case of purulent inflammation they are strictly prohibited. Doctors prescribe antibiotics to such patients, taking into account the resistance of specific pathogenic microorganisms to them. Thus, most staphylococci are resistant to penicillin drugs, neutralizing the effect of the drug using the enzyme beta-lactamase. It is also recommended to take vitamins and undergo a course of UHF therapy.

When treating tuberculosis or another specific infection, treatment is prescribed according to regimens developed for each specific disease.

In the case of a diagnosed autoimmune disease that has resulted in lymph node hyperplasia, or the malignant nature of the proliferation of lymph node cells, no compresses or antibiotics will help. Keep in mind that in the case of lymph nodes and pathological proliferation of their tissues, self-medication is absolutely unacceptable!

Prevention of lymph node hyperplasia - timely examination and treatment, and in case of incurable pathologies - implementation of all recommendations of experienced and knowledgeable doctors. Then it is possible not to take the disease to extremes, when hypertrophied tissues turn into a malignant neoplasm.

Prognosis of lymph node hyperplasia

Any prognosis of lymph node hyperplasia - with such a diverse “assortment” of its pathogenesis - rests on the root cause. With a nonspecific infection, the prognosis is most positive. However, there are also some nuances here: any “elementary” enlargement and inflammation of the lymph nodes - in the absence of correct diagnosis and adequate treatment - has every chance of leading either to sepsis or to an appointment with an oncologist with lymphoma...

Medical Expert Editor

Portnov Alexey Alexandrovich

Education: Kyiv National Medical University named after. A.A. Bogomolets, specialty - “General Medicine”

Share on social networks

Portal about a man and his healthy life iLive.

ATTENTION! SELF-MEDICATION CAN BE HARMFUL FOR YOUR HEALTH!

Be sure to consult with a qualified specialist so as not to harm your health!

Reactive lymphadenitis – inflammatory reaction

Reactive lymphadenitis is inflammation of the lymph nodes, which is a reaction to any infectious disease. Lymph nodes are a very important part of the immune system; they are among the first to take the hit when any pathogens enter the body.

As a rule, inflammation of the lymph nodes begins in the area that was affected by the infection, for example, with respiratory diseases, the cervical lymph nodes usually become inflamed. Sometimes the symptoms of reactive lymphadenitis are mistaken for signs of lymphoma, although this disease is much less common than reactive lymphadenitis.

What are the symptoms of reactive lymphadenitis?

The main symptom of reactive lymphadenitis (which, strictly speaking, is itself a sign of certain diseases) is an enlargement of a lymph node or several lymph nodes. Enlarged lymph node Lymph nodes - on which our immunity rests, as a rule, can be felt by palpation, and touching it or pressing on it can cause pain. In some cases, however, inflammation of the lymph nodes. Inflammation of the lymph nodes - when the infection occurs, it is not accompanied by painful sensations. Sometimes there is redness and increased sensitivity of the skin over the inflamed lymph node.

Depending on what caused reactive lymphadenitis, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as fever, chills, general malaise, headaches, weakness, drowsiness, runny nose, cough. In rare cases, when symptoms such as strong pain in an enlarged lymph node Enlarged lymph nodes are a reason to see a doctor, difficulty or rapid breathing, high fever (body temperature above 38.5C), increased heart rate, you should immediately seek medical help.

Causes of reactive lymphadenitis

By the way, one of the most bright examples reactive lymphadenitis was observed in patients with bubonic plague. Bubonic plague is the least contagious - they had a very strong increase in lymph nodes in the area elbow joints. Large swellings on the skin of patients are called buboes, which give the name to this disease.

Often, based on where exactly the signs of reactive lymphadenitis appeared, its cause can be determined - usually inflammation begins at the source of the infection. For example, with infections affecting the scalp, the lymph nodes located on the back of the neck may become inflamed and enlarged, and with infections of the oral cavity and teeth, the lymph nodes located in the jaw area may become inflamed, and so on.

If signs of reactive lymphadenitis appear simultaneously with symptoms characteristic of acute respiratory infections or flu, the doctor may limit himself to a simple examination and not prescribe additional diagnostic procedures. In such cases, the symptoms of infection become less pronounced after a few days, and one or two weeks later the patient recovers and the symptoms of reactive lymphadenitis disappear. If a bacterial infection or certain other diseases are suspected, a blood test may be required. Finally, in rare cases when doctors have reason to believe that inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes may be due to tumor formation, testing may be done using the following methods:

• Ultrasonography;
• CT scan;
• Magnetic resonance imaging;
• Lymph node biopsy. This diagnostic method involves the doctor using a special instrument to take a sample of lymph node tissue, which is then examined in the laboratory. A biopsy for reactive lymphadenitis is performed very rarely.

Since reactive lymphadenitis is not an independent disease, in order to cure inflammation of the lymph nodes, its cause must be eliminated. For this, various home remedies can be used (for example, for influenza and other viral infections), as well as antiviral drugs, antibiotics, antifungal drugs, and so on. If signs of reactive lymphadenitis persist one day after the start of treatment, or if inflammation intensifies, consult a doctor - perhaps an incorrect diagnosis was made and inappropriate treatment was prescribed.

Reactive lymphadenitis is one of the components of a general chain of pathological changes that are practically asymptomatic. A reactive disorder in the lymph nodes is considered the initial manifestation of a particular disease, the first symptom of the body’s fight against the infectious process.

For example, with a latent latent form of tuberculosis, the pathogen can remain in an inactive stage for quite a long time. It can be neutralized by its own protective forces without causing any harm to the person.

However, due to a number of negative influences, a latent infection can suddenly become active. Then, with a high probability, the lymph nodes are the first to take the blow as part of the immune system.

Reasons for the development of this pathology

The following factors can provoke the occurrence of reactive lymphadenitis:

• Chronic inflammatory process.
• Decreased immunity.
• Frequent colds.
• Hypothermia.
• Prolonged stay in a poorly ventilated area.
• Lack of sunlight.
• Chronic emotional tension, severe stress.
• Poor nutrition, mono-diet.
• Excessive fatigue.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Avitaminosis.
• Bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse).

Often reactive lymphadenitis develops in children under five years of age due to immature immunity, as a reaction to any inflammatory focus in the child’s body, which can be rhinitis, otitis media and respiratory viral pathologies.

Clinical manifestations of the disease

Reactive inflammation of the lymph nodes is a concomitant symptom of a particular pathological process. Its occurrence is provoked by the following pathogenic agents:

Often the localization of inflammation indicates a specific pathological process in the same area, that is, they are located near the inflammatory focus.

Signs and symptoms of this pathological condition

The initial sign of the development of reactive lymphadenitis is which can manifest itself as an increase in a variable number of lymph nodes and their slight soreness. Left unattended, such a pathological process begins to be aggravated by lymphadenitis, and it can be recognized by the following clinical signs:

• their increase in size;
• soreness of the lymph glands with pressure and palpation;
• swelling and redness of the skin over the affected lymph nodes;
• the nodes are not connected to the skin or to each other; they feel hard and dense to the touch.

Depending on the factors that provoked the development of nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis, it may be accompanied by the following manifestations:

• excessive weakness;
• low-grade fever or fever;
• cephalgia;
• sleep disturbance;
• rhinitis;
• cough.

When a strong pain syndrome in the area of ​​one lymph node or a group of them, hyperthermia of more than 38.5 ° C, rapid heartbeat and breathing (symptoms of purulent lymphadenitis), it is necessary to urgently consult a specialist.

With reactive lymphadenopathy after treatment of the underlying disease, the condition of the lymph nodes always normalizes on its own. However, if primary cause development of the pathological phenomenon will remain without appropriate treatment, the process may be complicated by inflammation of the lymph glands themselves. In this case, growth may occur with the appearance of reactive hyperplasia in the nodes and a pronounced disruption of their functionality, which can provoke their suppuration or the spread of infection to neighboring tissues and the entire body.

Diseases that may be accompanied by inflammation of the lymph nodes:

• tuberculosis;
• angina;
• caries, stomatitis;
• mastitis;
• AIDS;
• enterocolitis;
• syphilis;
• pathologies of the genitourinary system;
• flu;
• sinusitis;
• otitis;
• adenoiditis in a child;
• Bubonic plague;
• teething in babies.

Varieties of this pathology

According to the duration and severity of the course, acute and chronic types of the disease are distinguished. The first develops as a reaction to any infection entering the body. The chronic form of lymphadenitis occurs most often in the case of chronic pathologies. In this case, the lymph nodes are only slightly enlarged, and their pain may be absent.

Depending on the cause that provoked the development of the inflammatory process in the lymph nodes, reactive lymphadenitis (according to ICD-10, this disease is coded R59 until an accurate diagnosis is established) can be nonspecific and specific. The latter is the most dangerous and much more difficult to treat, since it is caused by serious infectious agents (tuberculosis, syphilis, plague). Nonspecific occurs most often with colds and acute respiratory viral infections and is easily treated with the elimination of the underlying pathology.

Depending on the cellular structure the inflamed lymph node produces purulent, serous and simple lymphadenitis. Serous develops with a viral course of the disease or with cancer, purulent - with a bacterial nature of the development of inflammation. Purulent form lymphadenitis is especially dangerous, since an abscess or phlegmon can develop.

Depending on the location, reactive cervical lymphadenitis, axillary, inguinal and other types of pathology differ.

Lymphadenitis in children

Reactive lymphadenitis in a child is a disease in which inflammatory damage to the lymph nodes occurs, regardless of their location. This pathology always appears in the form of a secondary disease, which is the response of the immune system to other pathological processes occurring in it.

In children, this type of disease develops much more often than in adults. This is due to the fact that the child’s immunity is not yet developed enough to actively fight certain diseases. And often the lymph nodes react even to a common cold. The most common location of reactive lymphadenitis in children is the neck, armpits, back of the head and groin.

Cervical lymphadenitis

Clinical manifestations of inflammation in the body may vary depending on the factors that provoked it. As a rule, the inflammatory process develops due to the penetration of pathological bacteria into the body. In most cases, cervical lymphadenitis is caused by the proliferation of streptococcus and staphylococcus. Enlargement and pain in the lymph nodes of the neck are observed in the following diseases:

• ARVI, influenza;
• tonsillitis, tonsillitis, glossitis;
• advanced caries, periodontitis with the addition of pulpitis.

Axillary lymphadenitis

This localization of lymphadenitis is observed during infection with streptococcus, Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pneumococcus or diplococcus. In this case, there are several routes of transmission of infection: hematogenous, lymphogenous and contact.

Diseases that contribute to the development of axillary reactive lymphadenitis:

• tuberculosis;
• brucellosis;
• syphilis;
• tularemia;
• actinomycosis;
• inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes and skin;
• furunculosis, eczema;
• blood diseases;
• oncological pathologies;
• HIV infection, AIDS.

Diagnostic measures for the development of this pathology

If the lymph nodes are enlarged and painful, it is recommended to consult a physician. This doctor can refer the patient to more specialized specialists: a urologist, gynecologist, dentist, gastroenterologist, infectious disease specialist, mammologist or surgeon.

In case of reactive lymphadenitis, the following are necessary to determine the cause of the disease: laboratory research:

• general tests urine and blood;
• blood test for syphilis, viral hepatitis, HIV;
• bacteriological examination of urine and blood;
• tumor markers;
• blood for hormones;
• blood biochemistry;
• cytological analysis of discharge from the urethra and vagina;
• puncture of the lymph node with cytological examination.

The list of instrumental diagnostic methods includes:

• X-ray;
• computed tomogram;
• gastroduodenoscopy;
• bronchoscopy;
• sigmoidoscopy.

Treatment of the disease in children and adults

How to treat reactive lymphadenitis? This is a common question. Let's look at it in more detail.

Reactive inflammation of the lymph nodes is the initial sign of many diseases. Accordingly, therapy will have to be based on eliminating the underlying pathology and source of infection.

A qualified specialist should select a treatment regimen.

If the infectious agent of the inflammatory process is bacterial flora, antibiotic therapy is used. Fungal infections are also treated with appropriate antimycotic drugs, for example, Fluconazole, Orungal, etc.

Reactive lymphadenitis is the body’s reaction to the occurrence of severe pathological processes, and this condition is initial stage proceeds without the manifestation of any symptoms.

Reactive changes in the lymph nodes are the first “bell” that marks the beginning of the inflammatory process. For example, with a latent form of pulmonary tuberculosis, the lymph nodes react first, although the pathogen may not manifest itself differently for a long time.

Under favorable circumstances, the immune system independently recognizes and eliminates the penetration of the pathogen. If external factors will contribute to the development of pathology, the process of spreading the source of the disease will increase.

This type of reaction in the lymph nodes can be provoked by various factors that must arise in combination. If one reason appears, then chronic inflammatory processes are unlikely.

Reactive lymphadenitis can occur due to the following reasons:

• decreased efficiency of the immune system;
• frequent ARVI;
• constant stress and severe chronic fatigue;
• lack of physical activity;
• alcoholism and nicotine addiction;
• hypothermia, like constant load on the body.

In children under five years of age, reactive lymphadenitis occurs due to living in unfavorable environmental conditions, lack of a varied diet, a sedentary lifestyle, or as a consequence of the immaturity of the immune system.

Symptoms

The inflammatory process may first manifest itself in places where the disturbed microflora is localized. Often, pathogenic agents are activated either near the affected area or directly at the site of infection.

Initially, symptoms manifest themselves in enlarged lymph nodes, as well as discomfort during palpation.

Additional signs of reactive lymphadenitis are:

• redness of the skin under reactive lymph nodes;
• swelling near the nodes;
• disturbance of night sleep and general weakness;
• increased body temperature;
• rhinitis and cough of unrecognized etiology.

In any case, visual enlargement of the lymph nodes, difficulty breathing, interruptions in heart function and increased temperature are reasons to urgently consult a doctor.

Types of disease

Reactive lymphadenitis has two types and several subtypes. First, specialists determine possible factors of occurrence, namely the reason for the lymph nodes becoming reactive. This may be a reaction to an infiltrated infection or other pathogenic flora, an exacerbation of a chronic and latent disease.

• nonspecific is provoked by the occurrence of ARVI, influenza. Self-limited after the underlying disease is cured;
• specific occurs in dangerous diseases such as plague, syphilis, tuberculosis.

Depending on the structure (contents) of the affected lymph node, three types are distinguished:

• serous;
• purulent;
• simple lymphadenitis.

The following groups are determined based on the location of the pathology:

• cervical;
• axillary;
• inguinal.

Diagnosis of pathology

If the above symptoms occur, the initial consultation should be with a therapist. Next, the doctor determines which specialized medical specialist needs to be contacted. The following laboratory tests are also carried out:

• blood is donated to increase/decrease hormonal levels;
• tests for tumor markers;
• smears are taken for HIV and other pathologies;
• bacteriological examination of urine and blood tests;
• cytology.

Often carried out instrumental examination and taking a puncture. The patient also undergoes X-rays and MRI. Sometimes scrapings are taken from organs in which pathology is believed to be developing, for example, bronchoscopy (if the cause is identified as infection of the lungs).

Taken from the medical site www.myshared.ru

Treatment

Reactive lymph nodes are the body’s signal about the occurrence of pathology. Therefore, the treatment plan first prescribes the eradication of the underlying disease after detection, and then the consequence is removed.

Depending on the initial etiology of the pathology, the line of treatment is built. For example, if the preauricular lymph nodes are enlarged, the cause must be sought in the facial part, in the brain or in the hearing aid. Next, experts determine which drugs can suppress the pathogen or whether it will have to be removed surgically. Therapy is carried out to relieve the consequences.

After complex treatment reactive lymphadenitis, the lymphatic system calms down, the “bumps” subside, the nodes become normal size.

Consequences

After a powerful attack by pathogens, the lymphatic system becomes more vulnerable and requires not only treatment, but also preventive therapy and compliance with the rules healthy image life.

Experts recommend that patients undergo bed rest and limit movements to avoid complications during treatment and recovery of the body after illness. The following preventive measures must also be observed:

• exclude fast food and alcohol from your diet;
• be sure to do exercises, choose the load in accordance with age;
• drink plenty of fluids;
• drink vitamins.

At the first symptoms of a new inflammation, you should immediately contact a specialist, since active pathogen activity may occur.

Reactive lymphadenitis cannot be cured unless the cause is determined. If a person experiences any changes, he should consult a doctor and eliminate the pathogenic agent that provokes inflammation.