Learning to read is a fun process. Mastering this important skill at the age of 5-6 years will greatly facilitate learning lessons at school, and will also make the adaptive period easier.

However, reading is also a very difficult step. This is why the child’s psychological readiness for learning is important. After all, we need not only to teach him to read, but also to instill a love of reading and literature. How to teach a child to read? The main thing is the desire of the parents and the readiness of the baby! And everything will work out!

Signs of a child’s readiness for the learning process

Of course, you can start studying with a three-year-old, trying to raise a child prodigy. Everything is individual! But still, psychologists recommend paying attention to some signs that will tell you that the baby is ready to learn the basics of science - reading. There are a lot of such signs, and here are just a few:

• The child has sufficiently developed, understandable speech;
• He has an extensive vocabulary; his speech must also contain complex sentences;
• The child must be able to retell what he was told in kindergarten at home. The story should be clear and structured;
• The child has spatial and temporal orientation. Also understanding the cardinal directions;
• No speech defects. That is, it is too early to start reading if the child cannot pronounce some sounds and letters. But, again, this requires a very individual approach!

If all these signs are observed in the baby, then parents can already think about the task of mastering reading. Today, teachers and scientists have developed many ways to teach this skill. Methods of teaching reading are varied and every parent and teacher will be able to choose the most suitable one for them. Today we will look at the most common and popular ones.

Zaitsev's cubes and why do children like them so much?

Zaitsev's technique on this moment, even a fair amount of time after its first appearance, still remains one of the most popular methods for teaching children to read.

Teacher N.A. Zaitsev from St. Petersburg. He came up with the idea of ​​placing frequently pronounced letter sequences in a table, and then divided them into cubes.

What is special about the method? All learning takes place in the form of a game, and in the game the child remembers better, as he gets carried away and is completely involved in the process. By the way, many teachers note that this method is very suitable for left-handed children. This is justified by the fact that such children remember and perceive the whole word better, rather than individual letters.

There is, however, a minus in the method, which defectologists believe is quite significant. Children who were taught according to the Zaitsev method, having learned letters and starting to read, often “swallow” the ending of a word or phrase, and then cannot begin to disassemble the word according to its composition, since they initially perceive the word as a whole, without being able to parse it into parts.

There are enough errors, or rather shortcomings, in the created methodology. So, for example, there are combinations of letters on the cubes, such as “BE”, “GE” and so on. The child gets used to such “combinations” of letters, although they are applicable in rather rare cases.

Yes, and there are other flaws - differences between reading and writing. If in a letter we use the combination “FE” in the words “coffee”, “cafe”, then we pronounce: “CAFE”, and so on. There are many examples of such inconsistencies.

What is remarkable today is that everyone can make a set of Zaitsev’s cubes on their own, and make them according to their needs and in any size. So the cubes will fit not only into roomy school backpacks for teenagers, but also into small funny backpacks for preschoolers.

We read syllable by syllable - easily and naturally. The most famous method is syllabic reading

Syllable reading is a technique used today in almost every preschool and primary school institution. By the age of five, a child can completely memorize the alphabet and even learn to read, if you help him with these difficult tasks consistently and slowly. By the way, the syllabic technique is ideal for this age.

First, the baby gets acquainted with the letters with his parents or educators, learns to name them correctly, pronounce them, and then connect these letters with others, combining them into syllables. Syllables, in turn, then form words. But each stage of this training is done gradually.

For classes you will need cards with letters, preferably large ones, on a white background. By the way, you can make such cards yourself.

Take thick cardboard, it's better white. Felt pen or red marker. And make markings for each card on cardboard. Let them be 5 by 5 centimeters, so it will be convenient for the baby to hold them, and then it will be easy for you to assemble them. On each card, write one large letter on one side and color it in. Be sure to write in printed font. Make a whole alphabet like this, or best of all, not one, but several sets of cards, so that later you can compose both syllables and words.

You can also buy an ABC book - it will obviously come in handy, and besides, it will come in handy later at school. The very first textbook for your baby should be chosen very carefully. Take everything into account - the font, the presence of illustrations, make sure that there are not too many of them on one page, since very bright and large drawings can distract the attention of a small student. The absence of pictures can also have a negative impact on the results of the study - the child will simply not be interested in studying.

It is best to start learning about letters with open vowels. These are A, E, U, Y. Then you can include several voiced consonants in the study. The first to be remembered are M and L. The letter “M” is remembered quickly, since the most frequently pronounced word, “mother,” begins with this letter. The baby begins to read just these syllables “ma-ma”, and then he also begins to write, and of course, the letters and syllables of his name.

After consonants and vowels, you can begin to study hissing ones: Ch, Sh, P, X and so on.

One more piece of advice, more psychological – don’t rush. Everything has its time. A child will definitely learn to read, but when at 4, 3 or even 6 years old is not important. After all, if we admit to ourselves, many simply want to boast about the achievements of their children, and that is why they work more and more diligently with them, trying to give them as much information as possible.

It is best to start each new lesson in learning letters by reviewing previous lessons. Let the child name the letters he knows, and together name words starting with these letters. Try your best new day call different words, so you will eventually get developed lexicon and a wonderful imagination, and memory.

Have you learned all the letters? Are you confused? Are you stuttering? Great! Well done, now is the time to start reading syllables. Name one letter, explain that they can be connected, and read the entire syllable together.

A little later there will be a whole article on games in syllabic reading.

Learning by playing

Playful learning to read is perhaps the most enjoyable and accessible method for children. The name itself speaks for itself - the child actively masters knowledge, while doing what he loves to do.

Let's take, for example, this simple game. Here is a letter in front of the baby - it can be drawn, made from paper, sewn from fabric, even molded from plasticine (another plus is the development of fine motor skills), and here is the second one - and they catch up with each other.

My textbook for learning letters, “Bukvograd,” is built on this deeply playful and fairy-tale principle. If you are not familiar with her yet, then start getting acquainted with.

You can play “search for lost letters” for those who are lost and cannot find their way home. How can I help them? Name it correctly. The letter "A" will be read and "go home", and so on. Involve your child in this simple game - look for the necessary letters in television programs, picture books, on the street in store signs, and so on... There are a lot of options.

You can make a “Letter Maze” at home. Take cardboard and make cards of the same color and size, write letters on them. Let the vowels be red and the consonants blue. This will make it easier for the baby to remember them. And now make a hole in each card and stretch a thread through this hole at different distances. Place a string with letters strung on it around the apartment. And let the child find the beginning of this string and move forward along it, naming each letter he encounters. Both interesting and simple!

On the one hand, this method seems to have only one advantage - after all, it’s good for the child, it’s not boring, and it’s easy for mom and dad - the games are not complicated, and the skills gained with their help are very valuable. But there are still some disadvantages. Namely, any activity can become a game... That is, the child will get used to only playing, and when real serious activities begin, he will perceive them incorrectly. Therefore, you should immediately set priorities, because your goal is not only to play, but also to teach reading, the ability to focus attention, and be assiduous.

After you master the letters in the game, in the same way you can start learning syllables, and then reading simple words. More important point! No matter how interesting your game is, always pronounce the readable letters, syllables and words correctly. There is no need to distort the correct accent, watch yourself and your child. The game-based method of teaching reading by syllables involves a funny presentation of information, entertaining lessons, but not baby talk or inventing stupid diminutive words.

Glen Doman's method of teaching reading

The teaching method according to Glen Doman is popular among modern parents. According to it, you need to start working with the heir or heiress right from infancy. The method is based on showing cards with different images. These can be letters, numbers, animals, plants and much more. It depends on what you want to teach your little one.

As for reading specifically, Doman has his own guesses and statements: the child first needs to memorize the first few dozen words. Mom just shows the picture on the card for a few seconds. There may be many such cards, or there may be few. In general, the technique advises quickly changing pictures.

This technique also has a beneficial effect on the breadth of your horizons. Thanks to Doman, children literally from the cradle begin to master and “study” the surrounding objects and even what he has not yet seen at all.

Whatever method or method you choose, or even a separate manual, there are many of them now, remember one thing - do not rush your baby, let him enjoy a carefree childhood, start classes and serious training when he is completely ready for it! Feel each other...

Happy learning and playing!

With warmth,

Your baby has learned letters and is actively adding syllables and small words. It's time to move on to more complex but interesting tasks - reading texts. But here parents and teachers expect some difficulties. It is impossible to offer a preschooler text cards without taking into account the characteristics of age and the degree of development of syllable reading skills. We will tell you in our article how to choose texts for reading for preschoolers, where to find and how to correctly print out texts for reading by syllables for younger and older preschoolers.

Age characteristics of preschoolers

After 5 years of age, kindergarteners are very active, mobile, and inquisitive. They grow up rapidly, get smarter, develop physically and mentally.
When preparing for school, parents and teachers should pay attention to the following age characteristics of children 4-7 years old:

• The basic needs of kindergarteners are communication and games. Children ask many questions to adults, themselves, and peers. They learn by playing.
• The leading mental function is imagination, fantasy. This helps to show creativity.
• Emotions, impressions, positive experiences are important for further development, desire to continue activities. A 5-7 year old kindergartener needs praise, support, and no comparison with other children.
• Actively developing cognitive processes: attention, memory. At the age of 5-7, preschoolers can remember and analyze a large amount of information. But it needs to be given in doses, trying not to overload the child’s brain in one lesson.
• Speech becomes more developed. At 5 years old the child speaks complex sentences, can choose several synonyms for one word, knows many poems, riddles, and several fairy tales by heart.
• A kindergartener wants to experience new things and learn. The baby is spurred on by curiosity; he is interested in everything new and unknown.

Consider age and individual characteristics preschoolers choosing texts to read. In this case, training sessions will be more effective.

How to work with texts

Reading poems, short stories for preschoolers - the new kind work. The difficulty in completing the reading task is that the kindergartener does not always understand the meaning of the passage. To avoid this, you need to approach the choice of material and methods of its processing correctly. Organize your learning process as follows:

1. Select handouts based on the student's age. For children 4-5 years old, cards of 1-3 sentences, for older preschoolers - 4-5 sentences.
2. Pay attention to the number of words in the sentences. There should be few of them. Simple reading texts for preschoolers are easier to digest, but you cannot stay at the easy level for long.
3. Proceed to working with text cards after automating syllabic reading.
4. Read in sequence in a group or with adults when working individually.
5. Don't rush your child. At the learning stage, reading comprehension is important, not reading speed and the amount of time spent.

Texts for children 4-5 years old

For preschoolers early age We need special offer cards. Reading by syllables for children under 5 years of age is best accompanied by text with pictures. For example, coloring pages with comments. Coloring will be an additional task.

If we are reading syllables for the first time, the reading texts should consist of 1-2 sentences. Use small words, 1-2 syllables. You can prepare the cards yourself, find them online and print them.

For young students, it is important that there is a hyphen or other separator between syllables. For printing out reading material for syllables at 4 years old, choose a large, bold font.

• Learning to read syllables through working with text does not have to begin after learning the entire alphabet. Find reading books for children aged 5 and up and print out individual sentences of words that consist of the letters you have learned. There are many of them in Zhukova's alphabet.
• At the age of 4 to 5 years, there is no need to offer children the entire fairy tale or book. Large volumes frighten children and distract them with colorful drawings on other pages. Print only the part you need.
• Play with a passage, a poem. You can read a word separately, then a phrase, then a whole syntactic unit.
• Work according to the following algorithm. First we read, then we discuss, draw, and fantasize.

Tasks

After reading the texts, be sure to study the material further. This is necessary for a strong assimilation of information and the formation of meaningful reading skills. Offer preschoolers the following types of tasks for the passage:

1. A short retelling.
   The kindergartener must tell what he learned, what information was main in the text. It is advisable to use the words you read, name the characters and their actions.
2. Answer the questions.
   Speech therapist, parent ask 1-3 simple questions based on the material you read.
   If the child does not answer them, you need to read the passage together, with comments from an adult.
3. Draw a picture.
   Let's play illustrators. Children come up with a plot picture based on the information received from a passage or poem. This could be homework.
4. What happened next?
   Invite them to fantasize and come up with what could happen to the characters next.

Reading texts with pictures and tasks:

Texts for children 6-7 years old

If you are preparing reading texts for children 6-7 years old, you can print out entire paragraphs. For work, choose excerpts from fairy tales and short stories. Large works can be worked on in 2-3 lessons. Don't forget about short stories from the alphabet or primer.

• Work through the sentences in a chain, try to involve each student.
• After reading a short passage for the first time, discuss the content. If you find any misunderstandings, read the passage again.
• If we read syllables in individually, different texts for reading to children 7 years old need to be printed on separate sheets.

Texts with tails:

Among the huge selection of methods, teaching reading using Nadezhda Zhukova’s method is very popular. Her method is adapted for self-study by parents and children at home. N. Zhukova’s textbooks are affordable and can be purchased in almost all bookstores. Let's try to figure out what's special about this technique and why it's so popular.

From the biography

Nadezhda Zhukova is a well-known domestic teacher, a candidate of pedagogical sciences, and has extensive speech therapy experience. She is the creator of a whole series of educational literature for children, which is published in multi-million copies. Lots of it scientific works published not only in Russian, but also in specialized publications in other countries.

Nadezhda Zhukova conducted a lot of research with preschool children, carefully studying the progressive processes of their speech development. She created a unique technique with which children can quickly learn to read and easily move from it to writing. In her method, N. Zhukova teaches children to correctly add syllables, which she uses as a single part in reading and writing in the future.

Sales of her modern “Primer” exceeded 3 million copies. From these figures, according to statistics, we can conclude that every fourth child learns to read using it. In 2005, it was awarded the title of “Classical Textbook”.

In the 1960s, Nadezhda Zhukova was an active worker in an initiative group that dealt with the creation of specialized groups for children with problems and disorders of speech activity. Now they are like this speech therapy groups and entire kindergartens with this bias are widespread not only in our country, but also in the CIS countries.

Features of the technique

In creating her own special method, N. Zhukova took advantage of her 30 years of speech therapy work experience. She was able to build a successful combination of teaching literacy with the ability to prevent mistakes children make when writing. The textbook is based on a traditional approach to teaching reading, which is supplemented with unique features.

In speech activity, it is psychologically easier for a child to isolate a syllable than a separate sound in a spoken word. This principle is used in N. Zhukova’s technique. Reading syllables is offered already in the third lesson. Due to the fact that at the very beginning of learning to read, this process for children is a mechanism for reproducing the letter model of a word into a sound one, the child should already be familiar with letters by the time he learns to read.

It is not worth teaching your child all the letters of the alphabet at once. The baby's first acquaintance should be with vowels. Explain to your child that vowels are singing letters and can be sung. Start by studying the so-called hard vowels (A, U, O). After the baby has become familiar with them, you need to start adding up: AU, AO, OU, UA, OU, OA, OU. Of course, these are not syllables, but it is with this combination of vowels that it is easiest to explain to the baby the principle of adding syllables. Let the child himself, helping himself with his finger, draw paths from letter to letter, singing them. This way he can read the combination of two vowels. Next, you can start memorizing consonants.

Then, when you start teaching your baby to read, explain to him how to determine by hearing how many sounds or letters you have pronounced, which sound in a word sounds first, last, second. Here N. Zhukova’s “Magnetic ABC” can help you in learning. With its help, you can ask your baby to lay out the syllables you pronounce.

You can also feel the letters and trace them with your finger, which will contribute to their tactile memorization. When the baby learns to merge syllables, you can invite him to read words with three letters or words with two syllables. (O-SA, MA-MA).

In Zhukova's "Bukvara" parents will be able to find mini-studies on learning each letter and recommendations for learning to add syllables. Everything is written accessible language. In order to use them, parents do not need to have a pedagogical education. Absolutely any adult can conduct the lesson.

A preschooler is able to perceive information only in game form. For him, playing is a calm environment where no one will scold or criticize him. Do not try to force your child to quickly and immediately read syllables. For him, reading is not easy work. Be patient, show affection and love to your baby during training. This is important to him now more than ever. Showing calm and confidence, learn to add syllables, simple words, and sentences. The child must master the technique of reading. This process is not fast and difficult for him. The game will diversify learning, relieve you from the boring task of studying, and help instill a love of reading.

Your patience and calmness will help your child master reading faster.

Starting age

You shouldn't rush things. It is quite normal that a 3-4 year old child is not yet capable of learning. During this age period, classes can only begin if the child shows great interest in reading activities and shows a desire to learn to read.

A 5-6 year old child will have a completely different attitude towards this. In preschool institutions, educational programs are designed to teach children to read syllables. However, children are not always able to assimilate information received in a large group. Many guys need individual sessions, so that they understand the principles of adding syllables and words. Therefore, do not miss the opportunity to work with your child at home. By coming to school well prepared, it will be easier for your child to endure the adaptation period.

It is important to take into account psychological readiness for learning to read. Children are ready to start reading only if they already speak well. correctly form sentences in their speech, phonemic hearing is developed at the proper level. Children should not have hearing or vision problems or speech therapy problems.

Learning to read should begin at the age when you see the baby's interest and feel that he is ready

Sounds or letters?

Getting to know letters should not begin with memorizing their names. Instead, the child must know the sound that is written with a particular letter. No EM, ER, TE, LE, etc. there shouldn't be. Instead of EM, we learn the sound “m”, instead of BE, we learn the sound “b”. This is done to facilitate the child’s understanding of the principle of adding syllables. If you learn the names of the letters, the child will not understand how the word DAD is obtained from PE-A-PE-A, and the word MOM from ME-A-ME-A. He will not add the sounds that are indicated by the letters, but the names of the letters as he has learned, and accordingly he will read PEAPEA, MEAMEA.

Learn vowels and consonants correctly

Don't start learning letters in alphabetical order A, B, C, D... Follow the sequence given in the Primer.

First of all, learn the vowels (A, O, U, Y, E). Next, you should introduce the student to the hard voiced consonants M, L.

Then we get acquainted with dull and hissing sounds (K, P, T, Sh, Ch, etc.)

In the “Primer” by N. Zhukova, the following order of studying letters is proposed: A, U, O, M, S, X, R, W, Y, L, N, K, T, I, P, Z, J, G, V , D, B, F, E, L, I, Yu, E, Ch, E, C, F, Shch, J.

The sequence of learning letters presented in Zhukova’s primer will help you easily adapt to school curriculum training

Reinforcing the material we have learned

Repetition of previously learned letters at each lesson will contribute to the faster development of the mechanism of competent reading in children.

Reading by syllables

Once you and your child have learned a few letters, it's time to learn how to form syllables. A cheerful boy helps with this in the “Bukvar”. It runs from one letter to another, forming a syllable. The first letter of the syllable must be pulled out until the baby traces the path along which the boy is running with his finger. For example, the syllable MA. The first letter is M. Place your finger at the beginning of the path near it. We make the sound M while we move our finger along the path, without stopping: M-M-M-M-M-A-A-A-A-A-A. The child must learn that the first letter stretches until the boy runs to the second, as a result they are pronounced together, without breaking away from each other.

Let's start with simple syllables

The child must understand the algorithm for adding syllables from sounds. To do this, he needs training first on simple syllables, such as MA, PA, MO, PO, LA, LO. Only after the child understands this mechanism and learns to read simple syllables can he begin to work on more complex syllables - with hissing and voiceless consonants (ZHA, ZHU, SHU, HA).

Stage of learning to read closed syllables

When does a child learn to add? open syllables, it is necessary to begin learning to read closed syllables, i.e. those in which the vowel comes first. AB, US, UM, OM, AN. It is much more difficult for a child to read such syllables; do not forget about regular training.

Reading simple words

When the child understands the mechanism of adding syllables and begins to read them with ease, the time comes to read simple words: MA-MA, PA-PA, SA-MA, KO-RO-VA.

Watch your pronunciation and pauses

In the process of learning to read, it is necessary to carefully monitor the child’s pronunciation. Pay attention to the correct reading of the endings of words; the child should not guess what is written, but read the word to the end.

If on initial stage In teaching, you taught your child to sing syllables, now the time comes to do without it. Make sure your child pauses between words. Explain to him what punctuation marks mean: commas, periods, exclamation and question marks. Let the pauses between words and sentences that the baby makes be quite long at first. Over time, he will understand and shorten them.

By following these simple rules, you can teach your child to read quite quickly.

Popular books for children by N. Zhukova

In order for parents to be able to teach their child to read and write using her methods, Nadezhda Zhukova offers a whole series of books and manuals for children and parents.

This includes:

"Primer" and "Copybook" for children 6-7 years old in 3 parts

The copybooks are a practical application to the Primer. The syllabic principle of graphics is adopted as the basis. A syllable acts as a separate unit of not only reading, but also writing. The recording of the vowel and consonant letters acts as a single graphic element.

"Magnetic ABC"

Suitable for both home use and for classes in child care institutions. A large set of letters allows you to compose not only individual words, but also sentences. Attached to the "ABC" guidelines for work, they are supplemented with exercises for teaching children.

"I write correctly - from the Primer to the ability to write beautifully and competently"

The textbook is suitable for children who have already learned to read syllables together. It is also necessary that children can identify the first and last sounds in a word, can name words based on the sound that was named to them, and indicate the location of a given sound in a word - at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. The book is designed to demonstrate the creativity of the teacher who studies it. The proposed sections can be expanded or narrowed; the number of oral and written exercises is varied by the teacher. At the bottom of some pages you can see guidelines for conducting classes. A bunch of story pictures, offered as illustrations for the textbook, will help the child not only easily learn the basic principles of grammar, but also develop oral speech.

"Lessons on correct speech and correct thinking"

The book is suitable for children who already read well. Here you can read texts of the classical genre. For parents, there is a detailed methodological description of classes based on the book. A system for working on the text is attached to each work for its analysis. With its help, children learn to think, understand hidden subtext, explain, and discuss. You can also see the meaning of words unknown to the child that are in the children's dictionary. Also the author introduces kids to famous poets and writers, teaches how to read this or that work correctly.

"Lessons in penmanship and literacy" (educational copybooks)

A manual that complements the other elements of N. Zhukova’s system. With its help, the child will be able to learn to navigate the sheet, work according to a model, trace and independently write various elements of letters and their connections. Tasks are offered for sound-letter analysis of words, adding missing letters in a word, writing uppercase and lowercase letters, etc.

"Speech therapist lessons"

For this textbook It is characterized by a system of activities that is understandable not only by teachers and speech therapists, but also by parents, with the help of which it is possible to achieve clear speech in children. The proposed exercises focus on developing only one specific sound. Thanks to this, classes are held with great effect. The level of speech development of the child with whom they begin to study is not so important. For all children, classes will have positive result. Perfect for activities with children of any age.

"The first book to read after the Primer"

For children who have completed studying the Primer, it is recommended as the first book - “The first book to read after the Primer.” It will soften the transition from the Primer to ordinary literature. The main goal of this teaching aid is to develop curiosity in children, the desire to learn new things, develop intelligence and perseverance.

1 part- These are fables and stories. They continue the texts given in the Primer, only a more complex version is proposed.

part 2- information for the young naturalist. It offers information from encyclopedias about the main characters of stories or fables.

Part 3 represents fragments of poems by great poets. In each passage there is a relationship with any fragment of part 1 of the book. This could be a poem about the seasons of one of the stories, about the animals of one of the fables, the weather, etc.

Thus, with the help of Nadezhda Zhukova’s teaching methods, parents themselves will be able to perfectly prepare their child for school. Using its methodological and teaching aids You can not only teach a child to read well and correctly, but also teach him to write, introduce him to the basics of competent written speech, and avoid many speech therapy problems.

For a review of Nadezhda Zhukova's primer, watch the following video.

Teaching reading to preschoolers in a playful way is a fun and unusual way to conduct classes. In entertaining lessons, children do not just memorize letters and put them into syllables. They are completely immersed in the process, trying to accomplish as much as possible. interesting tasks, acquire reading skills without pressure from parents and teachers. We will tell you in our article which games to teach reading for older preschoolers to choose.

Age characteristics of preschoolers

Future first-graders aged 5-7 years - interesting creatures. They are curious about everything new, they absorb information well, but this period has its own characteristics. They should be taken into account before planning the workload and drawing up a work plan for a reading lesson:

• Kindergarten children speak well and constantly expand their vocabulary.
• Attention becomes voluntary.
• Kids love to reason and delve into the essence of a matter or question.
• Self-esteem and awareness of oneself as an individual grows.
• Play remains the main form of acquiring knowledge.

The following will help you succeed in learning to read: simple recommendations teachers and experienced parents:

1. Make classes interesting, but full of new information. If a child gets bored, then attention will quickly switch to extraneous matters, conversations, objects. But this does not mean that a preschooler only needs to be entertained. Alternate games and serious tasks every 5-7 minutes.
2. A variety of lesson forms will ensure high-quality knowledge acquisition. Don't use the same games. Little ones get bored with the same type of coloring books, puzzles, walkers, so make a rich library of games.
3. It is better to exercise every day for 15 minutes than 2 times a week for an hour. Short daily lessons are more effective than long ones educational process occasionally. Learning to read requires regular practice.
4. Don't put pressure on children. Swearing, screaming, explanations bordering on hysteria and misunderstanding of the reasons for mistakes and difficulties in assimilating information lead to rejection. The child will hate school and books even before he gets to know them thoroughly.
5. Take breaks for exercise. Switching attention is necessary to relax the brain and eyes.
6. Use different forms of presenting something new. Presentations, interactive games, online testers.
7. Play in class not for fun, but for the sake of an accessible form of presenting information. The choice of tasks should be approached taking into account the children’s progress in reading, the speed of grasping new things, and the level of general development.

Game-based learning: pros and cons

Teaching a child to read at the age of 5-6, built in a playful form, has a lot of positive aspects. The effectiveness of the lessons can be explained age characteristics older preschool children, increased level curiosity for everything new and bright.

Advantages of the method:

• The child does not get tired or lose interest in the process of receiving new information.
• Each lesson can be built according to an individual plan, choosing diverse tasks from a rich card index.
• The preschooler is directly involved in the creation of handouts and demonstration materials for the lesson. For example, draws letters, sculpts or cuts out of paper for applique.
• Reading is not brought to the forefront of the lesson. Letters, syllables, and words are learned gradually by the child.
• During game lessons, a child develops intellectually, creatively, and psychologically.
• The children's team unites.
• If the lesson is taught in a group, you can focus on the competitive aspect of the games. Children have a desire to do well, read and learn better than others.

Disadvantages of the method:

• The teacher may have problems with discipline. Excited children often play around and do not listen to the instructions of the teacher or parent.
• Games and puzzles take up a lot of time.
• Transition to traditional ways presenting information necessary for learning to read is difficult for preschoolers to perceive; it takes time to switch attention.

This is interesting! In America and Israel, the game moment is necessarily included in every lesson with kindergarteners and younger schoolchildren. Teachers even take a special exam for the “ability” to teach while playing.

Before starting a reading course, draw up a rough work plan, a program for 6 months or a year:

1. Start by learning and memorizing letters. Use Zaitsev's cube technique as an assistant.
2. Automate their search and naming. Make crafts from plasticine, decorate letter symbols, choose words that have the same sound.
3. Gradually combine the sounds into syllables, invite the child to compose simple words independently, look for them in pictures, write. Play, search for letters, associations. This helps the sounds blend together.
4. Read the words separately and in small sentences. At this stage, use tasks that involve finding names for pictures, solving puzzles, and crosswords.
5. Try reading short texts. At the initial stage, select stories from the card index to read with your mother together, with pictures instead of words. Make the task more difficult gradually. Take Zhukova's ABC book to help.

Important! At 5-6 years old, do not demand reading speed from your child. The main task of teaching in the preschool period is skill automation. Tempo and technique will come on your own or with the help of special lessons later.

Games

There are many interesting games for teaching reading to children 6-7 years old. We have collected the most exciting ones, those that preschoolers are sure to enjoy. Download the assignments from the website, print them on your home printer and study.

Learning letters

The preschooler's task: find pictures with a specific letter.

You need to select the images correctly: simple, understandable and familiar to the kindergartener.

You can start with these:

Kids can play individually or in pairs. In lesson 2-3, after learning a few letters, you can organize a competition.

Read by first letter

The game is unusual, but very effective for developing the speed of thinking and reading in the future. The child needs to remember the name of the objects, highlight the first letter in the word and pronounce only it, placing a card with the letter on the picture.

For example, take the first line on the form. Fox - Christmas tree - Sun. The preschooler should get a FOREST.

For variety, print out pictures for each pair of students rather than per class. Gradually make the game more difficult. Give children words of 4-5 letters.

Find the letter

The child is offered educational cards where the letters are mixed and printed in different fonts and formats. The preschooler's task is to find the right sign and trace it with a pencil.

As an additional exercise: you can come up with a couple more words in given letter, find objects in the room whose names begin with them. Use these fun cards for your lesson.

Collect words from letters

Purpose of the game: put the letters in the right order, sign the picture.
The child names the correct word, then listens to himself and selects letters to write in the boxes.

You need to create handouts together with the children. You will need pictures of animals, a couple of sheets of blank paper, and pencils. There is a “surprise” hidden under every syllable.

During the game, the child focuses on associations with animal sounds, learns letters and syllable reading. The game is suitable for children from 4 years old.

Board games

These can be walkers, lotto, homemade cards for folding in a certain order. It is the tabletop adventures that children perceive best. The game is fun, to complete the steps you need to be able to read syllables or learn letters in the process.

Print out the following walkers for the lesson:

To determine the sequence of moves and the number of steps, children will need dice and knowledge of counting. Adults will have to help the kids a little so that they don’t get confused and play according to the rules.

Let's read together

An exciting game that will appeal to adults and children. There is text printed on the sheet, some words are encrypted with pictures. When reading, you need to insert them in words so that the thread of the story is not lost. While playing, the baby develops attention, reading skills, and vocabulary.

Tasks

Coloring books, puzzles, puzzles, and creative workshops increase a preschooler’s interest in the learning process and help create an atmosphere of friendship and understanding. Reading assignments have one important feature- they are multifunctional. Kids not only learn to read, but also develop motor skills, imagination, fantasy, thinking, and speech. Do without interesting ideas for exercises and games to teach children to read preschool age It's simply impossible.

Find the letters and color them

Choose themed coloring pages. They may Additional tasks, for example, color only those objects that begin with the letter “B”, color small images of letters, do not touch capital characters, etc.

Find the letters in the picture

Look at the picture and read

This task is suitable for children learning letters and reading syllables. Pictures with familiar objects can be shown in large quantities. Kids remember words well and use associations when reading without images.

After studying the words and relating them to objects, invite your preschooler to read the words without pictures. Familiar syllables form faster.

Reading syllable by syllable

For children who have mastered syllables well, short fairy tale texts are suitable. They can be read with parents or one at a time in class. After reading, be sure to ask your child what he understood and whether he can retell the text.

It is very important not to take boring, serious works for the lesson. It will be interesting for your child to learn the entire story of the characters from beginning to end in 3-4 sentences. In the process of reading such fairy tales, the teacher develops an interest in books in young students, a love for self-study literature.

Video

Children like play forms of learning much more than tedious sitting in front of the alphabet and writing out Russian letters in a notebook. If you want to teach your child to read quickly and get maximum positive emotions and benefits from the lessons, do not neglect this method of working at home or in additional classes to prepare for school.

Anna Rovenskaya

Teacher of Russian language and literature, employee Educational Center early development.

Today I would like to talk about the very first games for teaching reading. They are suitable primarily for children who still cannot read at all ( you can play now from 1.5-2 years ), but, of course, they will also be useful for those who have already learned a little continuous reading.

I want to say right away that there will be no games here like coloring and modeling all the letters of the alphabet in turn from plasticine. In mine, I already wrote that a child who has memorized individual letters using the alphabet or in any other way subsequently experiences many difficulties in combining them into syllables. Therefore, I want to invite you to play not with letters, but immediately with warehouses (MI, BUT, TU...) and in short words. With this approach the child constantly sees ready-made letter combinations before his eyes, plays with them, rearranges them, and, as a result, quickly remembers . At first, only visually, then he tries to reproduce it himself. As a result, the child does not experience problems with merging letters; he immediately reads the letter. But, interestingly, during such games the child remembers all the letters.

What do you need for games?

So we will play:

1. with warehouses (not to be confused with syllables)

The concept of a warehouse was introduced by Nikolai Zaitsev (creator of the well-known Zaitsev cubes). Unlike a syllable, which can consist of either 4 or 5 letters, a warehouse is considered a minimally pronounceable unit. The warehouse can be:

• fusion of consonant and vowel (YES, MI, BE...);
• separate vowel as a syllable ( I-MA; KA- YU-TA);
• separate consonant in a closed syllable (KO- Sh-KA; MA-I- TO);
• consonant with a soft or hard sign (Мь, Дъ, Сь...).

In the game you can use both Zaitsev's cubes and cards with warehouses written on them. I’m not going to try to persuade you to buy expensive Zaitsev cubes now. Yes, this is an interesting and useful manual, but if you do not have the opportunity to purchase them, do not worry, you can make a huge number of manuals at home with only cardboard and markers.

1. with words written according to the warehouse principle.

You can either write words by hand with a felt-tip pen or print them on a printer. So that the child sees not only the whole word, but also learns to analyze its composition, we will highlight warehouses in it. It is not advisable to separate warehouses using additional symbols (separate them with dashes, circle them), it is best to highlight them different colors. You don’t need to use all the colors of the rainbow; take two colors that are similar in shade, for example, blue and cyan or dark green and light green. You will also need black. We write the first warehouse in one color, the second in another, the next one in the first color again, etc. But! The shock warehouse is always highlighted in black, as it is heard “brighter”.

What words should I write on the cards?

The main essence of this approach to teaching reading is to show the child that letters and words are not meaningless squiggles, they represent very specific objects, and you can play with them just like with familiar toys.

​Basic principles of games

There is one very the right way To discourage a child from reading is to constantly test him: “Tell me, what letter is this?”, “Read what is written here!” Having shown a letter to a child a couple of times, we expect that by the third time he will already name it, or even better, read the word with its participation. If you want to really interest your child in reading, then put off at least for a while trying to examine your child and just read with him!

It is natural that a child just beginning to become familiar with the world of letters cannot read a word. Therefore, when showing your child words, do not require him to read them, but at first read for it yourself! You can also trace the letters with your baby’s finger. After some time, the child will definitely begin to recognize words and phrases and will repeat them after you.

Sometimes a word needs to be read slowly, highlighting each word in it, sometimes it is necessary to name the entire word so that the baby learns to perceive the words as a single whole.

While reading, you can name individual letters (for example, if you don’t like the warehouse approach), but in this case it is advisable to pronounce not the name of the letter (“el”, “ka”), but the sound that corresponds to this letter (“l”, "To").

Games for learning to read

1. Opening windows

There is probably no child who doesn’t love books with opening doors. Children love surprises, they love to open and find something, so they are happy to return to this game again and again.

The game manual is easy to make at home. To do this, you will need two sheets, on one of them draw or stick pictures, on the other (preferably cardboard), cut windows in the appropriate places and sign the words. Glue the sheets together. Here you can DOWNLOAD our template with pictures.

For the first tutorial, it is enough to write the simplest words like BE-BE and MU-MU, but later you can make a tutorial with more difficult words.

How to play? First, together with the baby, we read the inscription, then the baby looks under the flap and, looking at the picture, makes sure that he read the word correctly.

2. “Big wash”

First you need to prepare a “clothesline”, securing it, for example, between the legs of two chairs, as well as a small box or basket for “dirty laundry”.

When everything is ready, we inform the baby that Mishka / Cheburashka / Bunny has decided to erase the words. Now you need to help him dry them by securing the words on a rope with clothespins. After this, we begin to take words out of our “dirty laundry basket” one at a time, read them together, running our fingers along the folds, and fasten the words on a rope.

Fascinated by clothespins and the process of drying clothes, the baby will unnoticeably get acquainted with letters and folds. Tasya has this game for a long time was one of my favorites.

3. Who says what?

Surely you already have a lot of soft and non-soft toys at home, among which there will definitely be one representative of the fauna. They will be needed for this game.

Write on the cards “KRYA”, “MU” and other onomatopoeic words that correspond to the animals you have. Then invite your child to read the words on the cards together and give them to the animals so they can sing their song. Each of our toys, when receiving their card, merrily sang something like “OONK-OCK-OCK, I live in the village.”

Another option: you can offer your child a choice of 2-3 cards and ask him to show where, for example, the word “WOOF” is written. Usually, after some time of regular practice, children quickly begin to recognize the word cards.

4. Postmen

Imagining ourselves as postmen, words can be delivered in a basket, in a box, in a purse, or delivered by car. Hand over your words-letters to the toys living in different corners of the room: “For you, bear, “HOME,” and for you, Masha, “YULA.” And, of course, before handing out the letters to the recipients, do not forget to read them carefully with your child.

5. Zaitsev’s songs

Songs can be sung according to Zaitsev’s tables or by rotating the cube like this:

Before singing a song with your baby, it is better to practice rotating this ingenious cube in advance. After all, you need to turn it quickly and, moreover, in a certain direction: NU-NO-NA-NE-NY-N or DU-DE-DE-DE-DI-DE (vowels always go in this order).

The secret of the singing songs is that they are all similar to each other both in appearance and in hearing. If a child recognizes at least one consonant on a cube or at least one word, he can quickly reconstruct the entire chant from memory, and, accordingly, sing the entire cube.

As an alternative to Zaitsev's manuals, you can use video of singing from Mizyaki Dizyaki. The sequence of warehouses in the popevka is somewhat different from that of Zaitsev, but I think this does not fundamentally affect the result.

6. Various games with warehouses

WITH Zaitsev's cubes or with handwritten warehouses you can also come up with a lot of games. For example:

• We place the animals in house cubes, while paying attention to the name of the house. “The bear will live in our house SO”...etc. After settling in, you can arrange a small role-playing game with going to visit each other.

• The same game, only in a flat version, without Zaitsev’s cubes:

• We hide a cube or a card with a warehouse under a blanket / under a table / around the corner and are sincerely curious, “Who will come to us now?”, “The SO cube has come to us!”
• We transfer the cubes/cards from one container to another, while calling the written warehouse. The game is suitable for little ones.

• We write the warehouses in large letters and lay them out around the room. Then we give tasks like the following: “Now let’s run to the house BEFORE!”, “Who will find KA faster, Tasya or Teddy Bear?”

7. Ticklers

We put together Zaitsev's cubes or write on a card some simple two-syllable word - MOTHER, GOAT, GRANDFATHER - and, saying, “Someone here has come to tickle you, I think it’s a GOAT!” tickle the baby. Before the baby is tickled, try to make sure that he still sees the word.

If you and your child like to glue, you can try making a homemade alphabet with him from an ordinary notebook. It is not necessary to include all the letters of the alphabet in such an alphabet; you can make only the most used letters or, conversely, those that the baby cannot remember. It would be good if each letter had a separate spread, but this is not important.

In our alphabet, next to each letter we pasted 3-4 pictures, which we always signed. Naturally, it is better to make such an alphabet when the child already recognizes the warehouses. Then, before labeling the warehouse, he will be able to choose the one he needs from several offered. It must be said that Tasya learned to recognize the necessary warehouses very soon after the start of classes, but to read them independently much later.

9. Words in a bag

We write a few words on cards and put them in an opaque bag (you can also use a pillowcase, a hat, or even an oven mitt). Then, together with the baby, we take out one word at a time, and, running our finger over it, we read it. Then, also one by one, we put the words back together. A child, as a rule, is very interested to see what is in the bag, so he starts looking for new words with pleasure.

10. Words in boxes

Similar to the previous game, you can play with boxes. In front of the baby, we put the word in the box, close it, shake it, knock on it, saying “Knock-knock!” Who's there?" and then we open the box and read the word. Words can also be hidden under a pillow, bucket, scarf. It is very interesting to hide words with your child, for example, from a bear, who will then look with interest to see what is there.

We sit in a circle, inviting a couple of toys or family members with us. We give everyone one word and read who got what. “I have a CAT, what about you?” and, if the baby doesn’t know how to read yet, we answer for him ourselves: “And Tasya has “PORRIDGE.” Make sure your child sees all the words. Then we suggest exchanging cards “Here’s a “CAT” for you, Mishka! And you give me the word “MOM”.

Thus, only a few words will be involved in your game, they will constantly be in front of the child’s eyes, and he will quickly learn to recognize them.

12. Playing with photo holders

An interesting version of the game can be created with photo holders, made in the form of animals or other interesting figures. At the back or top of these stands there are small clothespins into which it is convenient to place words.

A figurine holder (be it a bear or a frog) can carry words, showing it to its toy friends, and if you have several of these holders, it is very interesting to arrange an exchange of words between them. We often organized something like a dinner: we attached cards with “edible” words to our holders, they “read” them, and then, taking turns, they treated each other, including Tasya.

Well, that's just small part games that can help your child start reading. Later I will try to continue the topic and publish other reading games, including for older children. Do not miss: In contact with, Facebook, Instagram, Email.

Have fun playing!