How to prepare for an ultrasound of the internal genital organs. Gynecological ultrasound. Patient preparation and optimal diagnostic timing

Ultrasound has a wide range of applications in medicine, since it is a highly accurate and very informative source of diagnosis; it is used in obstetrics and gynecology. After all, this method provides an opportunity to observe the development intrauterine fetus, determine the sex of the unborn child and allows you to monitor the occurrence of possible disorders and deviations in the development of the fetus. So we can say that ultrasound of internal female organs contributes to improving the demographic situation in our country.

Every appointment with a gynecologist must be accompanied by an ultrasound examination. This especially applies to the diagnosis of teenage girls, which at this age makes it possible to quickly identify and, if necessary, influence malformations of the organs of the female reproductive system.

Ultrasound can be divided into two main types:

Transabdominal (through the anterior abdominal wall) - this type requires the patient to fill the bladder, for which she needs to take at least one liter of water one hour before the procedure;
Transvaginal (the sensor is inserted into the vagina) - this type is characterized by its accuracy and is more informative for the doctor.

An ultrasound of the female organs is necessary to examine the condition of the bladder, ovaries, cervix, and vagina. Ultrasound allows you to determine their size, identify the presence of pathologies, and determine the degree of functionality.

Gynecological ultrasound Ministry of Health Russian Federation recommends that all women undergo this on a regular basis annually. This will allow timely identification, if necessary. different kinds pelvic diseases, which may not have clearly defined symptoms.

If they are detected, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment, which helps avoid complications in the future. After all, we know very well that any disease of the genitourinary system that is not treated in a timely manner can lead to various kinds of complications and even infertility. And this despite the fact that modern medicine She practically knows no incurable diseases and has long made huge strides in the treatment of infertility. But, even despite this, you and I understand that prevention is always easier and cheaper than treatment.

Ultrasound is used to examine the internal and external genitalia. The procedure is performed on men and women to identify abnormalities. The examination technique depends on the expected diagnosis.

Ultrasound examination is a common diagnostic method that allows one to assess the condition of the internal or external reproductive system (RS). Ultrasound reflects from different tissues of the body at different speeds. In the picture, each organ is represented in gray with white and black inclusions.

Ultrasound of the PS in women and men is prescribed for suspicion of various diseases:

developmental anomalies;
inflammation;
tumors;
cysts;
dysfunction.

An ultrasound is performed if abnormalities are detected based on test results. The purpose of the study is to confirm the suspected diagnosis. Less commonly, the procedure is prescribed to control chronic diseases. Using an ultrasound of a pregnant woman, you can determine the sex of the fetus.

Preparation rules

No special preparation is required to examine the genitals. The rules for preparing for an ultrasound of the internal genital organs depend on how the study will be carried out.

For transvaginal ultrasound, it is enough to carry out hygienic treatment of the perineum and vagina. Before a transrectal examination, it is recommended to take an enema the night before the procedure.

Preparation before a transabdominal ultrasound takes three days. The patient is prescribed a diet and carminative medications. You must arrive for the procedure on an empty stomach.

When is it better to do an ultrasound of the reproductive system in a woman, it depends on the phase menstrual cycle. Most examinations are scheduled immediately after completion.

How is an ultrasound of the genitals and internal organs performed?

There are three main methods of performing ultrasound:

. A universal method, suitable for examining a child, woman, or man. The examination is carried out through the anterior abdominal wall.
. Prescribed to girls and women who live an intimate life. The examination is done with a sensor inserted into the vagina.
. Used in men. The examination is carried out through the rectum.

A rare method is transurethral. The sensor is inserted through urethra. Used infrequently due to pain.

A procedure such as ultrasound of the genitals, that is, the external genitalia, is performed only on men. They inspect and pass the sensor directly over them.

Read more about the female genital organs in the relevant articles:.

Watch a video about the study in men:

Possible results

Ultrasound reveals the presence or absence pathological changes. Based on how the genitals look on an ultrasound, the doctor determines the disease.

Norm

The health of the male reproductive system is determined by the following criteria:

testicles of the same size, rounded;
the epididymis is clearly visible; in boys it is represented by a thin strip;
the structure of the penis is represented by the corpora cavernosa;
has the shape of a chestnut, its size is determined by age.

There should be no white or black inclusions inside the testicles and prostate.

Female genital organs have the following normal criteria:

the uterus is pear-shaped, without partitions inside;
the thickness of the muscular wall of the uterus is uniform around the entire perimeter;
the uterine cavity looks like the letter T;
the ovaries are round, there may be 1-2 dark inclusions inside;
smooth, without constrictions.

The thickness of the endometrium and the structure of the ovaries change depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Diseases

Using ultrasound, the following diseases of the genital organs are detected:

or testicles - dark round spots;
prostate adenoma - a light spot with clear contours;
malignant tumors - dark or light uneven spots;
developmental anomalies of the uterus - bicornuate, saddle-shaped;
obstruction of the fallopian tubes - the appearance of dark or light formations inside them;
ectopic pregnancy - signs ovum in the fallopian tube;
prostatitis - an increase in the size of the prostate, in the picture it becomes darker;
endometritis;
tumors of the penis;
testicular underdevelopment.

The final diagnosis is made by the attending physician, taking into account other examination methods.

Additionally, we invite you to watch a video about the study in women:

Price

Ultrasound examination price in paid clinics differs in different regions. It also depends on the volume of the procedure.

Ultrasound of the genital organs reveals almost any disease. The procedure is painless and has no age or medical contraindications.

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The device is a rod with a handle, which is made of plastic, about 10-12 centimeters long and up to three centimeters in diameter. A special groove may be built into it to insert a needle to take biopsy material.

The examination allows you to determine the presence of pathologies, neoplasms or diseases in the following female genital organs:

Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
Cervix

It is considered the most effective for studying these parts of the reproductive system, as it allows you to identify various problems with the patient’s health in the early stages. A pelvic ultrasound with a sensor can show the presence of abnormalities even at a time when other studies do not show any problem areas.

How is the procedure done?

The study is organized as follows:

The patient should remove clothing from the lower part of the body (from the waist down)
She sits on a special couch in the same way as during a regular gynecological examination.
The doctor prepares the sensor: puts an individual condom on it, lubricates it with a special gel for the procedure
The physician then inserts the device shallowly into the patient’s vagina.
To get a complete picture of the state of the organs, he can move the sensor from side to side
All data is recorded and processed by a doctor

The gel is necessary to facilitate the penetration of the sensor (and thereby reduce the likelihood of negative sensations) and enhance the ultrasonic effect by increasing conductivity.

This type of examination lasts no more than 10 minutes. It is painless and gives the most complete picture even when abdominal ultrasound does not show anything or cannot be carried out.

When is a pelvic ultrasound with a sensor necessary?

There are symptoms in which the doctor must refer the patient for a transvaginal examination:

Pain in the lower abdomen (not related to the menstrual cycle)
Suspicion of the presence of neoplasms
Periods of menstrual bleeding that are too short, too long or absent
Impossibility of pregnancy
Bloody discharge that is not menstruation
Presence of fallopian tube obstruction
Nausea, vomiting and weakness during bloody discharge from the vagina

Doctors recommend using this type of examination for preventive purposes, since not every ailment may have symptoms. early stage, just as pregnancy in the first trimester may not manifest itself with classic symptoms (nausea, etc.).

In this case, vaginal ultrasound is used for:

Diagnosis of infertility
The need to determine the presence of changes in the size of the ovaries and uterus
Diagnosis of pregnancy
Pregnancy monitoring (first trimester only)
General monitoring of the condition of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

A pelvic ultrasound can be performed simultaneously with two sensors. In this case, an abdominal ultrasound examination is performed first, and then a transvaginal one. The use of two types of analysis at once is necessary to identify disorders in the high-lying pelvic organs.

What does a vaginal ultrasound show?

This examination allows you to evaluate the following parameters of the reproductive system organs:

Dimensions of the uterus. In normal condition, it should be about seven centimeters in length, six in width and 4.2 in diameter. If it is significantly less or more, then this indicates the presence of pathology
Echogenicity. The structure of the organs must be homogeneous, uniform, have clearly defined, clearly visible edges
The big picture internal organs. The uterus should be slightly tilted forward. And the fallopian tubes may be slightly visible, but should not be clearly visible without the use of a contrast agent

Diagnosed diseases

Transvaginal ultrasonography allows you to identify a number of diseases and problems in the reproductive system at an early stage. It allows you to detect:

Fluid and pus in the uterus and fallopian tubes. They may be caused by infections, viruses, mechanical damage
Endomentriosis is an excessive proliferation of cells in the inner layer of uterine tissue into other layers and organs. It may arise due to inflammatory processes, damage (surgery, abortion), the appearance of neoplasms, malfunctions endocrine system taking certain medications and substances too often
Myoma is a benign neoplasm in the tissues of the uterus or its cervix. May occur due to chronic diseases, frequent abortions, hormonal imbalances, constant stress, pathologies, excess weight, or with hereditary predisposition
Cysts and polycystic ovaries are tumors filled with fluid. Occurs due to endocrine disorders, chronic diseases genitourinary system
Various polyps on the walls of the uterus are benign formations in the endometrium of the organ. They can reach several centimeters in diameter. Their appearance may be associated with polycystic disease, chronic diseases, mastopathy, fibroma
Inflammation and enlargement of organs can occur due to both infection and injury.
Hydatidiform mole - appears instead of a full-fledged embryo during the process of conception, filled with fluid. Occurs due to duplication of male chromosomes with the loss of female chromosomes, sometimes due to fertilization of an egg that does not contain a nucleus. This disease is rare
Fetal development disorders during pregnancy
Defects and pathologies in the development of the fallopian tubes: obstruction, spiral-shaped or too long tubes, blind passages, duplication of organs
Ectopic pregnancy– occurs when the egg, after fertilization, attaches outside the uterine tissue. Occurs due to blockage of the fallopian tubes, congenital anomalies in them, as well as after the inflammatory process, abortion
Cancer - malignant tumor V different organs:

Uterus
Ovarian
Cervix

Chorionepithelioma is a malignant neoplasm that arises during or after pregnancy from chorion cells (the membrane of the embryo attached to the wall of the uterus)

Stages of preparation for the study

To conduct a pelvic ultrasound with a sensor, no special preparation is required, but there are several mandatory requirements:

Unlike an abdominal examination, with a transvaginal analysis the patient should not drink liquid one to two hours before the examination.
If she emptied her bladder more than an hour before the test, she needs to do it once immediately before the procedure
With increased flatulence, the patient needs a drug that will help normalize the processes of gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract. She can consult with her doctor about the choice of medication

In the case of a preventive examination, it should be done in the first days after the end of menstruation
If there is a suspicion of an increase in the endometrial layer in the uterus, then in the second half of the cycle
When it is necessary to monitor the development of a disease or the progress of treatment, the study can be carried out several times in one cycle, at different stages.
An ultrasound is performed urgently if there is bleeding that is not menstrual, regardless of the day of the cycle

It is important to remember to maintain personal hygiene before the examination, use wet and other wipes.

If you plan to conduct a pelvic ultrasound with two sensors, then you should pay attention to preparing for the abdominal examination.

This includes:

Follow a diet for at least three days before the test to reduce the likelihood of symptoms of flatulence and bloating
The last meal should be completed by six o'clock in the evening on the eve of the test.
It is recommended to do an enema after eating
If there is still a risk of flatulence, you should use special drugs, reducing gas formation
An hour before the test, drink at least 400 ml of water

The diet involves excluding a number of foods from the diet:

Sweets
Flour (bread, cookies, etc.)
Legumes
Cabbage
Milk and dairy products
Vegetables and fruits that have not undergone heat treatment
Coffee and strong tea
Carbonated drinks
Dishes instant cooking
Fatty foods(meat, fish, oils)

You can eat porridge cooked in water, low-fat boiled beef, poultry and fish, hard cheeses. It is recommended to drink lightly brewed, slightly sweetened tea.

It must be remembered that since you need to drink liquid before the abdominal examination, you must empty your bladder before the transvaginal analysis.

Contraindications

Vaginal ultrasound examination has a small number of contraindications:

It is never performed if the patient is a virgin, so as not to violate the integrity of the hymen. In this case, such a patient can undergo a transrectal examination, in which a sensor is inserted into the rectum
The study is prohibited from being carried out in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, because it may provoke premature contractions or uterine contractions before the expected due date.
This analysis do not use if the patient is allergic to latex
If the patient has epilepsy, since the examination requires that she lie still

Ultrasound of the internal female genital organs- affordable and informative method, used for diagnostics in gynecology, urology and reproductive medicine.

The genital ultrasound procedure can be performed in several ways. Transabdominal examination is carried out through the anterior wall of the abdomen. In a transrectal examination, an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum. With transvaginal ultrasound, a transducer is placed in the patient's vagina.

The examination has no contraindications and can be performed on patients of any age. If necessary, an ultrasound of the internal female genital organs can be performed on a child at any age. For young girls, before sexual activity begins, ultrasound is prescribed transabdominally or transrectally.

Indications

Indications for use this survey there may be suspicions of the presence of inflammatory processes, neoplasms of various nature, menstrual irregularities, pain and spasms in this area. Ultrasound is also used to establish the fact of pregnancy in the early stages, identify the causes of infertility, as well as in a number of other situations. Ultrasound examination helps to identify the following diseases: endometriosis, salpingitis, endometrial polyps, uterine fibroids, cysts and ovarian tumors.

Preparation

Before the examination, the doctor will recommend which day of the menstrual cycle it is best to conduct it. Each type of examination requires its own preparation, and the doctor will warn you about this in advance. General recommendations for all types of ultrasound of the internal female genital organs: refuse gas-forming products 2-3 days before the examination to reduce bowel activity, refrain from eating 6-8 hours before the procedure. As a rule, it is recommended to drink a liter of water before an ultrasound scan, since a full bladder promotes better visualization of the internal genital organs.

More details

Price

The cost of ultrasound of the internal female genital organs in Moscow ranges from 600 to 6600 rubles. The average price is 1920 rubles.

Where can I get an ultrasound of the internal female genital organs?

Our portal contains all the clinics where you can get an ultrasound of the internal female genital organs in Moscow. Choose a clinic that suits your price and location and make an appointment on our website or by phone.

Ultrasound for women is one of the main examinations necessary to diagnose the disease. If there are suspicions of problems in the pelvis, timely diagnosis Diseases are successfully cured.

Examination of the female reproductive system requires a special approach

In this article you will learn:

The essence of the procedure

Such diagnostics are also called gynecological. The main goal is to assess the condition of the pelvic organs, the periuterine space and the ligaments that support the uterus in female representatives.

The need for the procedure

Ultrasound of the internal female organs is prescribed to:

detect diseases of the female reproductive system at the initial stage;
estimate anatomical structure uterus;
assess the condition of the cervix;
monitor the therapy being carried out;
accurately diagnose a disease when it is difficult to define.

A doctor using an ultrasound scan checks the anatomical structure of the uterus

How to prepare for the procedure

It is worth noting that gynecological ultrasound for women can be performed in two ways: usually (through the peritoneal wall) and transvaginally. To conduct the study in the first way, a woman should prepare. Firstly, you must come to the procedure with a filled bladder. To do this, it is recommended to drink approximately a liter of still water. Thanks to the full bladder the uterus and ovaries are visualized more clearly, which simplifies the examination.

If the bladder is not filled enough, the image will not be as informative, which is why the diagnosis may be carried out a second time.

For a transvaginal examination, filling the bladder will not be necessary - the image will still be clear. Diagnosis is carried out if a detailed examination of the uterus and ovaries is necessary, or if there is interference with examination through the peritoneum. Often such a hindrance is excessive body fat. In this case, the sensor is inserted through the vagina and the image on the monitor is formed from the middle. Transvaginal diagnosis is often used for early carrying a child, including suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy.

Using the device, the doctor can check the condition of organs

Diagnostic methods

Such diagnostics are carried out by three methods:

Transvaginal. Used to more accurately diagnose pathologies of the genital organs. It is carried out by introducing a specialized device into the patient’s vagina.
Transabdominal. This method is used to examine a virgin or to detect gross pathology in the pelvic organs. The examination is carried out through the abdominal wall.
Transrectal. The examination is carried out by inserting a sensor into the anus. The method is as informative as transvaginal examination. Rarely used, only for virgins.

Carrying out the procedure

Transabdominal diagnosis is carried out as follows:

The woman lies face up on the couch.
The doctor applies a special gel product to the skin.
Then the doctor leads abdominal wall device.

For different types Ultrasound uses different sensors

Transvaginal examination is carried out as follows:

the patient is positioned on the couch with his legs slightly spread;
the doctor places a condom on the examination device;
the sensor is inserted into the woman's vagina.

To carry out such diagnostics, you can purchase a special sterile condom.

Transrectal examination is carried out by analogy with transvaginal examination. The only difference is that the examination device is inserted into the woman’s anus. In this case, the patient should lie on the couch on her side.

During the diagnostic process, the nurse keeps a protocol, which records all the information voiced by the doctor.

Standard indicators on ultrasound

To begin with, the transcript of the ultrasound of the female genital organs indicates the size of the uterus. The standard distance between the fundus of the uterus and the internal os of the cervix is 5-8 cm. On average, this distance in a healthy nulliparous woman is 60-71 mm. In female representatives who have given birth, the uterus enlarges slightly; in this case, its size is determined by the number of births.

After studying the ultrasound readings, the doctor can draw a conclusion about the woman’s health

The thickness of the uterus should be 30-40 mm, and the width - 45-60 mm. A few years after reproductive function fades away, the uterus may decrease in size to 40-50 mm. When assessing the health of a woman’s genital organs, it is important to take into account the location of the uterus.

The normal location is in the center of the pelvis with a slight deviation towards the peritoneum. Such a position in the act of research is designated as “anteflexio”. “Retroflexio” is a physiological anomaly in the location of the uterus (the uterus deviates backwards), namely “bending”. The term “lateroflexio” refers to the deviation of the body of the uterus in relation to the center of the body.

When assessing the location of the uterine body, it is necessary to take into account that due to a full bladder, it may deviate slightly from the norm.

Condition of the appendages

The cervix on the echogram is determined as a formation of 2-3 cm, in the shape of a cylinder, the echogenicity is similar to the uterus. Normally, the width of the cervical canal should be 0.3-0.4 cm. The ovaries on an ultrasound image are visualized as an oval-shaped formation located on both sides near the uterus. The ovaries should be 27-37 mm in length, 21-29 mm in width, and 17-21 mm in thickness.

During an ultrasound, the doctor examines the ovaries very carefully

The ovaries can vary in size, since when the follicles grow, the ovaries also enlarge. When stands out dominant follicle, determined during the first phase of the cycle and continues to increase vigorously, until 12-14 days of the cycle, others become smaller again, and the ovaries return to normal size.

By the time of ovulation, follicles can grow to 15-29 mm, so they can be easily identified by ultrasound examination. When visually assessed by size, one ovary should be no more than 1/2 the size of the uterus in width. It is impossible to determine normal sized fallopian tubes using ultrasound. After ovulation ends, it begins to form corpus luteum, a temporary hormone-producing gland, the main purpose of which is to ensure implantation of the embryo and maintain pregnancy.

The corpus luteum is visualized as a small formation with a heterogeneous thick wall and fluid inside.

The endometrium in the uterus during the first days of the cycle is determined in the form of a heterogeneous structure with different thicknesses (3-8 mm). By the end of menstruation (4-5 days of the cycle), the endometrium is 2-4 mm thick, so it is almost invisible on ultrasound. During the early stage of proliferation (6-7 days of the cycle), a slight increase in the size of the endometrial layer is determined up to 6-9 mm, and in parallel the echogenicity decreases.

The doctor pays special attention to the condition of the endometrium

At the same time, it is easy to determine the emerging thin echo-negative contour up to 0.1 cm in thickness. By day 10, the endometrium increases in thickness to 10 mm. During the secretory phase (15-27 days), and during menstruation, the endometrial layer thickens significantly (in some cases up to 15 mm), this is visualized on an ultrasound image as a thickened reflective surface inside the uterus.

It should be noted that the detected corpus luteum and thickened endometrial layer in the first days of menstruation, if there is no embryonic egg in the uterus, may indirectly indicate an ongoing ectopic pregnancy.

Diseases detected by ultrasound

Ultrasound of the genital organs determines the presence of:

pregnancy – uterine, tubal, abdominal;
deviations in the formation of the uterus and appendages;
inflammatory processes in the uterus and appendages;
endometriosis;

This method helps diagnose the presence of cysts in the ovaries

hemo-, hydro- and pyosalpinx (accumulation of inflammatory or purulent fluids, blood in the fallopian tubes), and there is no precise differentiation of the form of abnormal fluids;
complications after the birth of a child and abortion (for example, when parts of the fetus or its membranes remain in the uterus);
neoplasms in the pelvic organs;
polyps in the endometrial layer;
fibroids in the uterus, its stages, what condition the myomatous nodes are in, how they affect uterine patency;
cysts in the ovaries;
torsion of the cyst stalk in the ovary;
pathological fluid in the pelvic organs.

When using IVF, such diagnostics are used for dynamic monitoring of the condition of the uterus and ovaries, and during pregnancy it helps to monitor the formation of the child and the health of the mother’s organs.

In this video you will be told about the features of gynecological ultrasound: