WHO statistics on diseases of disabled children. World report on disability. Central Federal District

Since 1998, there has been a steady trend in Russia towards a reduction in the number of disabled people, which is largely due to changes in legislation on the procedure for recognizing a person as disabled. Since 2010, negative dynamics of disability have been observed only in the first two disability groups, while the number of group III disabled people and disabled children has been increasing.

Figure 1. Total number of disabled people in Russian Federation as of January 1, 2016, thousand people

Figure 2. Total number of disabled people by disability group as of January 1 of the year, thousand people

Below is the general distribution by gender and age. As of January 1, 2015, 65% of all Russian disabled people registered with the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation belong to the category of citizens over working age. 30% are people of working age, among whom the largest group is citizens aged from 31 to 59 years for men and from 31 to 54 years for women.

Figure 3. Distribution of disabled people by gender and age as of January 1, 2015, thousand people

More detailed information about the number of people with disabilities in each age group can be found in the figure below. At the time of writing the report, the latest statistics on this indicator date back to 2014. Data are given as percentages; the study is based on a sample, the size of which is not specified. The largest proportion of disabled people (a third of all those surveyed) represent the older age group - 60–72 years. It also has the highest percentage of economically inactive disabled people. Among economically active citizens with disabilities, the peak of disability occurs at 50–54 years of age.

Figure 4. Structure of persons with disabilities by age group in 2014 (according to a sample survey of the population on employment issues), %

1. Data on persons recognized as disabled for the first time

According to the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, as of 2015, 695 thousand people were recognized as disabled for the first time, of which 125 thousand were disabled people of group I, 262 thousand - group II, 308 thousand - group III.

325 thousand citizens recognized as disabled for the first time are of working age (up to 60 years for men, up to 55 years for women), which is 47% of total number persons who were certified as disabled for the first time in 2015.

Figure 5. Number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time in 2015, people.

Among the most common causes of disability, according to data for 2015, are diseases of the circulatory system (221 thousand people) and diseases accompanied by malignant neoplasms(213 thousand people)

Visual disability was recorded in 22 thousand people who received the status of disabled person in 2015. Since 2008, the proportion of people with diseases of the visual organs has changed quite slightly, therefore, it can be assumed that in Russia there are currently approximately 400 thousand people registered who have received the status of a disabled person for this reason. However, a caveat is necessary: ​​the calculations made do not take into account other cases of illness or injury accompanied by partial or complete loss of vision. Consequently, the actual number of visually impaired people is much higher. This conclusion also applies to other priority categories for us: people with hearing impairments, hearing and vision impairments, mental functions, musculoskeletal disorders, etc.

According to the results of the Russian census of deaf-blind people, conducted with the support of the Connection Foundation, for every 7,500 disabled people with visual impairments, there is one deaf-blind person.

Direct impairment of the functioning of the hearing organs was recorded in 12 thousand disabled people registered in 2015, which is approximately 2% of the total number of disabled people. However, according to statements by the All-Russian Society of the Deaf (VOG), approximately eight to nine million people throughout Russia have various hearing impairments. Among them are approximately 1.5 million people with severe hearing impairment and 250–300 thousand who are completely deaf. According to our calculations, people who received disability status due to ear diseases and mastoid process, about 255 thousand people.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2020 the number of people suffering from hearing loss will increase by 30%.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2020 the number of people suffering from hearing loss will increase by 30%. According to selected statistics and WHO data, in Russia there are currently about a million children and adolescents with hearing loss. IN last years In our country there has been an increase in the number of children suffering from various forms of hearing impairment.

In addition, about a million Russian disabled people have a certified disability due to illness nervous system and mental and behavioral disorders.

Figure 6. Distribution of the number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time, by reasons of disability (data from the Ministry of Labor of Russia, calculations by Rosstat)

2. Financial situation, structure of cash payments

For disabled people, monthly cash payments (MCB) are provided. For different categories of citizens, the size of the EDV is different.

Also, a disabled person is entitled to social payments, part of which is provided by the Pension Fund of Russia, and the other part by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Information about regional payments can be obtained from the authorized executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation at the place of residence.

Citizens who are duly recognized as disabled have the right to one of the types of disability pension:

• disability insurance pension;
• state disability pension;
• social disability pension.

If a disabled person is cared for by a non-working able-bodied citizen, then he has the right to apply for a monthly or compensation payment. The type and amount of payment depends on the category of the disabled person being cared for, as well as on the status of the caring citizen.

The total number of disabled people registered in the system of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in 2016 is 12.4 million people.

The statistics also include persons registered and receiving a disability pension in the system of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Russian FSB. Since January 1, 2008, the statistics include persons registered and receiving a pension with the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. The data provided by the Federal Statistical Service on the average amount of assigned disability pensions indicates the figure of 11,972.9 rubles.

The average size assigned disability pensions is 11,972.9 rubles.

This indicator is an average, and it includes various types of pensions, the sizes of which vary significantly: for example, a state disability pension in some cases can range from 14,900 to 24,800 rubles, while the amount of a social pension ranges from 4,215 to 9,919 rubles, depending from the disability group.

The amount of EDV (monthly cash payments) remains fixed and does not depend on the regional coefficient established by the Government of the Russian Federation depending on the region (locality) of residence. However, certain categories of disabled people (for example, disabled war veterans or disabled people who are dependent on two or more people) may receive an increased monthly cash payment due to increased pensions and benefits.

Figure 8. Average monthly cash payments per person from the federal budget of the Russian Federation, as of January 1, 2016, rubles.

The total number of disabled people receiving EDV is 12,163,029 people - this is approximately 97% of the number of all disabled people registered in the RF Pension Fund system.

Figure 9. Number of disabled people by disability group receiving monthly cash payments (MCB) and the amount of payments

Survey data on the subjective assessment of their financial situation by households that include people with disabilities indicate that about half of them experience difficulties: 44% - when buying clothes and paying for housing and communal services, and another 43% cannot afford to purchase durable goods .

The picture below shows general indicators assessments of the financial situation of the population as a whole. Households containing disabled people were noticeably more likely to indicate difficulties with purchasing clothing and paying for housing and communal services. Regarding the purchase of durable goods, the proportions of answers among the population and among people with disabilities are similar.

From the data presented it follows that families with disabled children generally assess their financial situation better than households consisting of disabled people of older age groups (over 18 years old).

Figure 10. Assessment of their financial situation by households that include disabled people (according to the Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population in 2014), %

Figure 11 shows the income structure of households consisting of disabled people. The largest share of household income is assigned to social payments (88%), of which 66% comes from pensions and 22% from benefits and compensation of various kinds.

Figure 11. Structure of cash income of households consisting of disabled people (according to sample observations of population income and participation in social programs for 2014), %

3. Social life, Internet

According to a survey of citizens with an established disability group and/or receiving a disability pension, in 87% of cases respondents subjectively assessed their own inability to lead an “active lifestyle on an equal basis with everyone else” (the wording is not specified). This situation is probably explained by the fact that, as we have seen, more than eight million Russian disabled people are elderly; on the other hand, the social environment and lack of necessary infrastructure may serve as an obstacle.

Figure 12. The ability to lead an active lifestyle for disabled people aged 15 years or more in 2014 (according to the Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population), %

According to the Comprehensive Monitoring of Living Conditions of the Population, only about 3% of all registered disabled people are active members of voluntary non-profit organizations.

Figure 13. Number of disabled people aged 15 years and over who are members of voluntary non-profit organizations in 2014 (according to the Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population), %

15% of respondents stated that they could access the Internet; in the vast majority of cases, respondents do not have access to the Internet. Of course, respondents aged 15 to 29 stand out against this background - 54% have the opportunity to use the Internet. However, the statistics presented do not allow us to speak with confidence about the prevalence of Internet use among disabled people.

Figure 14. Availability of access to the Internet for disabled people aged 15 years and over in 2011 (according to the Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population), %

4. State registration of disabled people

Intelligence state statistics on disability issues, including full list citizens with certified disabilities are kept under the jurisdiction of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation (some information about disability may also be contained in the documents of law enforcement agencies if we are talking about injuries received as a result of combat actions and performance of official duties).

The overwhelming majority of citizens recognized as disabled are registered with the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, which determines the procedure for social benefits for disability. Payment of pensions and other social benefits is possible only if the person is examined and the disability status is recognized.

Disability examination is carried out by decision of the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise (BMSE): as of 2015, 1,728 departments were registered in the Russian Federation. Reception and examination (including repeated examination) of citizens is carried out at the regional branches of the BMSE.

All subsequent documentation is under the jurisdiction of the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise. A comprehensive list of examination results can be contained in the automated database of the scientific and methodological center of the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise.

Isolation of the corresponding segment from the total mass of bank clients can be carried out, among other things, by calculating and recording the average amount of cash payments for disability. For example, the size of the social disability pension is established by the state and is subject to change only on the basis of relevant acts or indexation (recall that in 2016 for group III - 4215.90 rubles, for group II - 4959.85 rubles, for group I - 9919.73 rubles, for disabled children - 11903.51 rubles).

When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the same person can receive more than one type of social benefits, as well as the fact that the amounts of other pensions are not fixed and are calculated individually.

When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the same person can receive more than one type of social benefits, as well as the fact that the amounts of other pensions are not fixed and are calculated individually. For example, an insurance (labor) pension is calculated by summing base size(depending on the degree of disability) with the volume of personal accumulated pension funds divided by the duration of probable survival (standards set at 228 months). The calculation is influenced by regional coefficients, the presence of dependents (child care), living in the Far North and length of service (20 years of experience gives the right to receive a pension at a higher rate). The state pension is calculated from the size of the social pension (that is, ultimately also fixed), multiplied by a value from 100% to 300%, but the circle of its recipients is noticeably narrower. The coefficient is influenced by the disability group and the basis for receiving a state pension.

Segmentation by EDV enrollment is possible, but taking into account the category of disability, the presence of a social package and other circumstances (for example, for a group I disabled person, the payment amount from February 1, 2016 is 3,357 rubles 23 kopecks (with a social package).

Our country has adopted a classification that includes three disability groups.

Group I is assigned to persons with complete permanent or long-term disability who require constant outside care, supervision or assistance.

Disability group II is established for those who have significant functional impairments and almost complete disability, but who do not need outside care and assistance, that is, who are able to care for themselves independently.

The establishment of disability group III provides for the possibility of extending work activity.

The total number of disabled people includes persons registered and receiving a pension in the system of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. Rosstat calculation.

According to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, from the Federal Register of persons entitled to receive state social assistance.

More than one billion people (15% of the population) suffer from various forms disability. According to a WHO study, 785 million people aged 15 years and older live with a disability, of which 110 million suffer from severe forms of the disorder. Among children aged 0 to 14 years, these figures are 95 million and 13 million, respectively.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this figure is increasing due to the aging of the population and the increasing number of people suffering from chronic diseases directly related to disability: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, etc.

In countries where life expectancy exceeds 70 years, the disability years account for an average of about 8 years, representing 11.5% of a person's total life expectancy.

The years associated with disability account for an average of about 8 years, which is 11.5% of a person's total life expectancy

According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), groups with lower levels of education have higher rates of disability. The average for OECD countries is 19%, compared with 11% among people with more than high level education. According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 80% of people with disabilities live in developing countries.

1. International documents on the status and rights of persons with disabilities

Comparative studies of disability laws indicate that only 45 countries have anti-discrimination and other disability laws. At the same time, there are a number international provisions and standards that are informational or advisory in nature.

2. International classification

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) - developed by WHO and adopted by the World Health Assembly on May 22, 2001. The document describes the concept of “disability” in relation to physical health(the state of the body), the individual and society as a whole. The structure of the ICF is based on an assessment of the functions and condition of the human body, the level of social activity and participation in public life.

Features of the ICF approach to the concepts of “health” and “disability” are a shift in focus from the cause of the disease and its consequences to the assessment of all components of health, including the social aspects of disability and “contextual” factors ( environment and personal characteristics). The main idea set out in the document is that every person can experience deterioration in health, and the limitations in opportunities that arise in connection with this are not a characteristic phenomenon only for a certain social group.

Every person can experience deterioration in health, and the resulting limitations in opportunities are not a characteristic phenomenon only for a certain social group.

According to the ICF, a disorder is the loss or abnormality of a specific physiological function or part of the body. The term "disability" is used to refer to individual characteristics functioning associated with physiological, sensory, mental, and perceptual impairments, as well as various types chronic diseases. Disability is considered in relation to three main aspects: organs and associated functions and dysfunctions: paralysis, blindness, etc.; activity and activity limitations: inability to stand or sit, etc.; social activity and its limitations: discrimination in hiring, difficulties when moving around the city, etc.

Types (categories) of disability include various physiological and mental impairments that make it difficult or impossible for a person to carry out everyday activities, as well as complicate communication with others.

Mobility and physiological disorders

• disorders of the structure of the upper limbs;
• disorders of the structure of the lower extremities;
• violations of fine motor skills of the hands;
• coordination problems various organs bodies.

Mobility impairments can be congenital or acquired with age. They can also be the consequences of illness or injury. For example, people who have suffered a broken limb also fall into this category.

Disorders of the spinal cord structures

Injuries spinal cord often lead to lifelong health problems. As a rule, damage occurs as a result of serious accidents. Damage may be complete or incomplete. In case of incomplete damage, the conductive capacity of the nerve fibers of the spinal cord is partially preserved. In some cases, the damage may be the result of a birth injury.

Head injuries are disorders of the brain. Damage to the brain leads to disruptions in its functioning. The two main types of injuries are acquired and traumatic, and the degree of injury varies from mild to severe. The first type of damage is not congenital, but occurs after birth. The second type of damage is mainly caused by the influence of external influences: road traffic and domestic accidents, sports injuries, criminal incidents, recreational injuries, etc. Traumatic injuries can lead to emotional dysfunction and behavioral disorders.

Visual impairment

Hundreds of thousands of people suffer from vision problems ranging from minor to severe. Some disorders can lead to blindness over time. Most often, visual impairment is caused by damage to the cornea of ​​the eye, damage to the white membrane of the eye, diseases caused by diabetes, dry eyes, and corneal transplants.

Hearing impairment

Hearing loss can be partial or complete. Deafness can be congenital or develop with age due to illness. For example, meningitis can cause damage to the auditory nerve or cochlea.

Perceptual impairments and learning disabilities

Perceptual disorders include dyslexia, various difficulties in acquiring knowledge, and speech disorders.

Mental disorders

Affective disorders- short-term or long-term mood or well-being disorders.

Mental disorders is a term used to describe the condition of people suffering from psychological problems or diseases, such as: personality disorders - inadequate patterns of behavior, in such severe forms that they do not allow a person to lead everyday life, socialize and, in general, maintain a normal lifestyle.

Schizophrenia- a mental disorder associated with the breakdown of thinking processes and emotional reactions.

Invisible violations differ in that they cannot be instantly recognized by others. As a rule, they have a neurological etiology. For example, not all people with visual impairments wear glasses, some experience chronic back pain when sitting or constant fatigue, suffer from sleep disorders, depression or agoraphobia, etc. According to statistics, 10% of US residents suffer from this type of impairment.

3. Accounting for disability

Geographically

Global Burden of Disease (GBD) is a group of indicators characterizing mortality and disability from major diseases, injuries and their risk factors. These indicators were identified as a result of comprehensive regional and/or global health statistical research World Health Organization.

WHO measures the global burden of disease (GBD) in years of life lost due to disability (DALYs). This time measure combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and years of life lost due to health conditions that do not meet criteria for full health. DALYs were developed during the original 1990 GBD study to provide a consistent estimate of the burden of disease by disease, risk factor and region.

Table 1. Global population with moderate and severe disabilities by region, gender and age. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2004 estimates

High income countries- these are countries whose Gross National Income (GNI) in 2004 was $10,066 or more (according to World Bank estimates).

Low income countries- these are countries whose Gross National Income (GNI) in 2004 was less than $10,066 (according to World Bank estimates).

The classification of diseases by form is given in Table 2. We propose hereinafter to consider severe form disability - an analogue of disability group I according to the classification adopted in the Russian Federation, average - disability group II.

The severity coefficient is calculated for both sexes and all age categories for the entire world population. In some cases, pathologies may occur in one person different degrees heaviness; in this case, he is assigned up to seven classes of disability. Severe disability corresponds to classes VI and VII, moderate - from III and above.

Table 2. Classification of disability groups in the Global Burden of Disease Study, showing chronic diseases and complications for each class

Due to disability

The most common causes of disability worldwide are adult-onset hearing loss and refractive hearing loss. Mental disorders such as depression, alcohol use disorders, mental disorders (eg bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) are also among the 20 leading causes of disability. The picture between high- and low-income countries differs. In low-income countries, much more people have disabilities due to preventable causes, such as unintentional injuries and infertility resulting from unsafe abortions and maternal sepsis. Also, in low-income countries, disability due to unintentional injuries among young people and cataracts among older people are much more common.

Table 3. Prevalence of moderate and severe disability (millions) for key disabling diseases by age for high-, middle-, and low-income countries, Global Burden of Disease, 2004 estimates.

According to the age

Global aging has a significant impact on the development of disability. Higher levels of disability among older people reflect the fulfillment of accumulated health risks through injuries and chronic diseases.

Table 4. Age-specific prevalence of disability by level of gross national product

Table 5. Age prevalence of disability by gender

The prevalence of disability is higher among people 45 years of age and older in low-income countries than in high-income countries, and higher among women than among men.

Table 7. Distribution of the number of people with disabilities by age using the example of Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, Sri Lanka, USA (%)

4. Financial situation and payment structure

In Europe, social spending aimed at helping older people is designed to mitigate the risks that arise with old age - lower income levels, insufficient income, loss of independence in carrying out daily activities, decreased participation in social life, etc. At the same time, spending on medical care the elderly should be assigned to another expense item - in connection with illness and the need for treatment. However, it is not always easy to strictly distinguish between them. In most EU countries, social spending in three areas - old age, death of a family member and disability - is highly interdependent. In order to ensure better comparability, the costs of assistance in connection with old age and in the event of the death of a family member are often combined, considering them together.

In 2007, social payments and benefits amounted to 25.2% of GDP in the EU-27

In 2007, social payments and benefits (excluding administrative costs and other expenses) amounted to 25.2% of GDP in the EU-27. The largest number of payments and benefits were allocated to assistance in connection with old age and the death of a family member - 46.2% of all social benefits and payments, or 11.7% of GDP, as well as in case of illness and the need for treatment - 29.1 % of total social payments and benefits in the EU-27, or 7.4% of GDP. 6.1% of GDP was spent on all payments in other areas of social protection.

Figure 1. Social benefits and payments provided in the EU-27 in 2007, by purpose,%

Table 6. Amount and terms of disability payments per person per month,,

Disability of society is the scourge of our time!

As of 01/01/2018 The number of disabled people in Russia is 11,750,000.0 per population of 146,800,000.0 people. Just think about these numbers, this is about 8% of the population.

1,083,000.0 are citizens who received their disability from childhood, their number is 9.21% of the total number of disabled people in Russia. The statistics for children are also sad, as of 01/01/2018. disabled children under 18 years of age in the Russian Federation - 655,000.0, which is 5.6% of the total number of disabled people.

If you look at the statistics, the percentage of disabled children is growing, despite the demographic decline. The population is practically unchanged, only due to migration growth. Natural increase has been in a huge minus since 1992.

Number of disabled children registered in the Russian Federation Pension Fund system

Results of initial examinations of children under the age of 18 and recognized as disabled in the category “disabled child”

Results of re-examination of disabled children under the age of 18 and recognized as disabled again in the category “disabled child”

If we take into account children recognized as disabled for the first time due to diseases of the nervous system, as well as children with mental disorders and behavioral disorders, the picture does not look rosy at all.

Also pay attention to the statistics by region. There are regions where there are many times more disabled children than the average throughout Russia.

All data was obtained from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service. And taking into account the fact that there has been no natural population growth in Russia since 1993, the statistics are not entirely accurate, because in the population, migration growth is taken into account, which is very high - 250/300 thousand annually. According to statistics, an average of 700 thousand people since 1992. declined every year.

From 2007 to 2017, government support programs managed to reduce population decline to 118 thousand on average per year. But even here there are some excesses. Since Russia began to fight infant mortality and care for non-viable children born at short terms, the number of disabled children has increased. Almost every premature baby is at risk for cerebral palsy.

Let's hope that our State has its finger on the pulse and will continue to take steps aimed at the health of the nation and at increasing natural growth. And it would be great to give the parents of sick children the opportunity to go to work and benefit the State and give birth to healthy children. Through the creation of kindergartens with medical services for disabled children, where they accept not only walking children, but also those who do not care for themselves. Thus, it would be possible to save many families from disintegration, to give the mothers of such children the opportunity to realize themselves in professional field, give birth to a healthy child in the future, thanks to government support measures.

As of November 1, 2017, there were 12.12 million disabled people in the Russian Federation, including 643.1 thousand disabled children.

Federal Register of Disabled Persons

On January 1, 2017, the federal state Information system- Federal Register of Disabled Persons.

In the register, each disabled person has access to a “personal account”, which reflects information about all cash payments and other measures of social support for the disabled person, about the progress of the implementation of his individual rehabilitation or habilitation program.

Through " Personal Area» you can receive government services in electronic form, leave feedback on their quality and, if necessary, file a complaint.

The register makes it possible to eliminate multiple appeals of disabled people to various authorities, improve the quality of state and municipal services provided to disabled people, more fully inform disabled people about their rights and opportunities, and also ensures the creation of a database that takes into account the needs of disabled people, their demographic composition and socio-economic status.

The data obtained is used to develop state policy regarding people with disabilities and develop documents strategic planning both at the federal level and at the level of the subjects of the Federation and municipalities.

State program of the Russian Federation “Accessible environment”

Within the framework of the State Program “Accessible Environment” for 2011-2020, with state support and the active participation of public organizations of people with disabilities, adaptation of the objects most in demand by disabled people and low-mobility groups of the population in priority areas of life is provided - healthcare, social protection, sports and physical education, information and communications, culture, transport infrastructure, education.

The measures taken to create accessibility conditions allow for an integrated approach.

During the implementation of the state program, methods and approaches were developed to identify and eliminate barriers that hinder people with disabilities in various life situations, as well as mechanisms for involving people with disabilities not only at the stage of implementing activities, but also to take active participation at the stage of developing activities.

Thus, in the field of transport and transport infrastructure, it is planned to achieve an indicator of ground transport equipped for disabled people of 11.1% by the end of 2017. At the beginning of the implementation of the state program, it was 8.3%.

In the field of information and communications, an event is being implemented to subtitling television channels. This work is financed by the state program, and by the end of 2017, the number of produced and broadcast subtitles for subtitling television programs of all-Russian mandatory public channels will be 15,000 hours (at the beginning of the implementation of the State program there were only 3,000 hours).

In the healthcare sector, by the end of 2017, the share of priority facilities accessible to people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups will be 50.9%, in the cultural sector - 41.4%, in the sports sector - 54.4%.

In the field of education, 21.5% of schools are adapted, while at the beginning of the implementation of the state program there were just over 2% of such schools.

On January 1, 2016, the implementation of a new subprogram of the state program began, which is aimed at improving the comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of people with disabilities and disabled children. It is planned that the result will be the creation of a modern system of comprehensive rehabilitation.

The relevance of the implementation of this subprogram lies in the fact that now in the country there are no uniform methodological and regulatory documents on the organization of the rehabilitation process for people with disabilities, and there are no uniform methods for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.

In this regard, at the first stage, during 2016, the development of such documents was carried out, and in 2017-2018 a pilot project is being carried out to create a system of comprehensive rehabilitation of people with disabilities and disabled children. Since the beginning of 2017, the pilot project has been implemented in the Sverdlovsk region and Perm region. The federal budget allocates about 300 million rubles annually for the implementation of the pilot project. The results of the pilot project will form the basis of a bill that will allow organizing an effective rehabilitation process outside the scope of the state program.

By decision of Russian President Vladimir Putin Government program The "accessible environment" should be extended until 2025. This will allow us to further consolidate the efforts of the federal center and regions on the issue of integration of people with disabilities into society.

When developing the state program “Accessible Environment” until 2025, it is proposed to highlight three main areas:

• increasing the level of accessibility of the most significant facilities and services for people with disabilities, including creating conditions for visiting such facilities;
• formation of a modern system of comprehensive rehabilitation of disabled people, including the development of technologies for accompanying disabled people in various life situations, as well as the development of “early assistance” for disabled children;
• modernization of the state system of medical and social examination.

Bill on assisted employment of disabled people

On November 21, 2017, the State Duma of Russia approved in the third reading a draft federal law amending the Law of the Russian Federation “On Employment in the Russian Federation.”

The bill is aimed at bringing the current employment law in accordance with the provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which was ratified by Russia in 2012.

Its development is associated with the insufficient efficiency of employment of disabled people of working age. The share of working disabled people of working age in our country is about 31.8% (about 1.1 million people) of the total number of disabled people of working age (about 3.7 million people). Of these, only 25% are stably employed; in European countries this figure reaches 40%.

Employment service agencies work with people with disabilities without taking into account the fact that they have significant disabilities.

The draft federal law defines the mechanism of interaction between medical and social examination institutions and employment service bodies when assisting in the employment of a disabled person.

Institutions of medical and social expertise in extracts from individual programs rehabilitation of disabled people referred to the employment service, since June 2017, indicate information about the consent of the disabled person to the proactive approach of employment service specialists to him directly.

It is planned to assign the following functions to the employment service bodies:

• conducting an initial consultation with a disabled person;
• analysis of the vacancy database;
• organizing interaction between a disabled person and an employer;
• providing advisory and methodological assistance to the employer;
• determining the need for support when promoting employment of a disabled person.

Accompaniment in promoting the employment of disabled people means the provision of individual assistance to those disabled people who, due to limited health capabilities, experience difficulties and cannot independently find a job or return to the labor process.

Improving medical and social expertise

In May 2017, a road map for improving the medical and social examination system was approved. It sets out key areas of action for the period until 2020.

The first direction involves improving the scientific, methodological and legal support for medical and social examination. Separate classifications and criteria for determining disability for children have been developed and tested; new criteria are being developed to determine the degree of loss professional ability to work as a result of industrial accidents.

The second direction is to increase the accessibility and quality of medical and social examination services. It includes measures to train specialists from ITU institutions, equip ITU institutions with special diagnostic equipment, form public councils at the main ITU bureaus, and conduct an independent assessment of the quality of the conditions for providing ITU services.

Law on monitoring the accessibility of the environment for people with disabilities

On January 1, 2018, a law will come into force granting authorities the right to control the accessibility of the environment for people with disabilities.

In accordance with the law, authorized federal and regional executive authorities will be assigned separate functions to monitor the provision of accessibility conditions.

The adoption of the law regulates the issue of the powers of the bodies that should exercise state control and supervision over the implementation mandatory conditions availability. This makes it possible to solve problems related to the accessibility of the environment within the framework of pre-trial procedures, including the use of administrative liability mechanisms.

According to the law, control functions are assigned to:

• The Government of the Russian Federation - to the authorities exercising federal control and supervision;
• regional governments – to the authorities exercising regional control and supervision.

In particular, at the federal level:

• on Rostransnadzor - functions of control and supervision over ensuring the accessibility of transportation (including facilities and Vehicle) by air, rail, inland waterway, road transport;
• for Roskomnadzor - monitoring the availability of facilities and services in the field of communications and information;
• for Roszdravnadzor - control of ensuring the special needs of people with disabilities in terms of the quality and safety of medical activities and in the field of drug provision;
• at Rostrud - monitoring the availability of facilities and services in the field of labor and social protection.

At the regional level, bodies are similarly defined that exercise control over the availability of services and facilities in those areas where it is generally already established by law.

Providing disabled people with technical means of rehabilitation

In 2017, 32.84 billion rubles were allocated to provide disabled people with technical means of rehabilitation (TSR), which is 3.54 billion rubles more than in 2016 (29.3 billion rubles). This measure makes it possible to provide the necessary TSR to about 1.6 million people.

In 2018, 30.5 billion rubles are provided.

Considering that the provision of TSR and services is carried out on an application basis and requires the mandatory presence of appropriate recommendations in individual rehabilitation or habilitation programs, the issue of allocating additional funding will be resolved in 2018 as funds are disbursed, taking into account incoming applications.

Annual monetary compensation to disabled persons for the costs of maintenance and veterinary care of guide dogs

In 2017, the annual amount monetary compensation for disabled people, expenses for the maintenance and veterinary care of guide dogs increased by 5.39% compared to 2016 and amounted to 22,959.7 rubles.

In 2018, the amount of annual monetary compensation for disabled people for the costs of maintaining and veterinary care of guide dogs is subject to indexation from February 1 based on the consumer price growth index for the previous year.

Disabled people are a population group that includes people with disabilities life activity due to health conditions. Today there are quite a lot of such people. Previously, disability statistics Did not have of great importance. Now it is being carried out very carefully. Statistics allow not only to count the number of people with disabilities, but also provide information about their lives, difficulties, and needs.

This data is important for national policy. They allow us to assess how high-quality and effective programs for people with disabilities are implemented in the country.

World situation

The statistics of people with disabilities in the world is 23% of the total population of the planet. This is approximately more than 1 billion. According to WHO, the number of disabled people increases every year. Reasons for the increase in the number of people with disabilities:

• increase in the population of the planet;
• significant progress in medicine;
• increase in people.

In countries where people live 70 years or more, many people become incapacitated in old age. Among children and middle-aged people, 80% of people with disabilities live in developing countries, where the population has low levels of and. The picture shows the percentage of disabled people out of the total number of inhabitants in European countries.

Disability among children is a huge problem. Not only medical and social, but also economic. There are more and more people with disabilities in the world. This is a worrying trend. According to scientists, the numbers will continue to rise.

Employment of people with disabilities

The International Labor Organization reports that among the working-age population, almost 400 million are disabled. Many of them don't work anywhere. Most employers consider them incompetent. According to statistics, only 20% of the total number of working people are disabled. The remaining 80% are .

For example, in India, there are 70 million people with disabilities and only 0.1 million of them managed to get a job. In the United States, only 35% of employed citizens are in this category.

Many people with disabilities claim that they would like to work and receive a decent salary for it, but they are hardly accepted anywhere.

How is it going in Russia?

The statistics of disabled people in Russia in 2015 numbered more than 12 million people. Almost half of them are men and women of working age. That is, for every 10 thousand people there are approximately 59 citizens of the incapacitated category. Among them, the majority belong to the third group. There are fewer representatives of the first group.

An analysis of the statistics of disabled people across the country shows that we have much fewer of them than in European countries. Domestic indicators are among the lowest in the world. But this is not a reason to be proud. The reason lies not in the fact that our fellow citizens have excellent health. In Russia, in order to receive and then annually confirm their disability, people with disabilities often have to fight an imperfect system. Many patients are simply denied incapacity. Doctors often demand for disability registration.

The diagram shows the statistics of disabled people in the Russian Federation. It shows how the number of people with disabilities living in Russia changed from 1995 to 2005.

So, statistics on the number of disabled people in Russia and the world indicate that the number of disabled inhabitants of the planet is steadily increasing. This is a global problem for all humanity. Government officials should think about improving the situation.