Erysipelas on the face: treatment methods. Erysipelas on the leg: causes and treatment with folk remedies, prevention Treatment of erysipelas after the acute phase

Erysipelas is considered one of the most unpleasant and dangerous diseases that is caused by infection; inflammation of the skin during erysipelas can have varying intensity and symptoms.

Erysipelas: basic concepts

Among all pathologies caused by infection, in terms of prevalence, erysipelas is immediately after acute respiratory infections, infections gastrointestinal tract and hepatitis.

Of particular interest is the age profile of patients. Thus, at the age of 20-40 years old, mainly males suffer from erysipelas, which experts associate with work activity (microtraumas, skin contamination, temperature changes). In adulthood, the majority of patients are women, which is associated with greater physical activity.

In the vast majority of cases, erysipelas develops on the arms and legs (feet, legs); Inflammation occurs much less frequently on the head and face, while the rarest are considered to be inflammatory processes in the groin (perineum, genitals) and on the torso (abdomen, sides). The mucous membranes may also be affected.

An unpleasant feature of erysipelas is precisely the psychological discomfort, since the fairly bright color of the area affected by erysipelas invariably attracts the attention of others.

Erysipelas, unlike many infectious diseases, is equally widespread throughout the world, without a single focus of localization.

You can become infected with hemolytic strepococcus directly from a patient (erysipelas, scarlet fever, tonsillitis) or from a carrier of the infection. At the slightest damage to the skin, it is better to limit contact with carriers of streptococcal infection, since the disease is transmitted by contact. However, infection can also occur through microcracks, injections and insect bites that are scratched.

Individual characteristics of the body and adaptation mechanisms lead to the fact that all people have different susceptibility to the disease; this affects the course of the disease, the intensity of its symptoms and the clinical picture as a whole. It is worth noting that medical statistics indicate an increase in cases of erysipelas in late summer and the first half of autumn.

Erysipelas should be treated immediately after the disease is identified, since some consequences and concomitant diseases can cause much more problems than erysipelas itself.

Causes of the disease and provoking factors

Among the factors that can lead to the development of erysipelas, stress and constant overload, both emotional and physical, occupy an important place. The remaining determining factors are:

• Sudden temperature changes (temperature decreases and increases);
• Damage to the skin (scratches, bites, injections, microcracks, diaper rash, etc.);
• Excessive tanning;
• Various bruises and other injuries.

The following reasons or their combination can be an indirect cause of erysipelas of the skin:

1. Decreased immunity;
2. Somatic chronic diseases;
3. Diabetes;
4. Alcoholism, unhealthy diet;
5. Streptococcus infections.

Features of inflammation in different parts of the body

The severity of the consequences of erysipelas and the intensity of symptoms do not depend on the location of the disease, but in a number of situations the disease can become significantly more complicated.

Legs

Erysipelas of the leg is most often observed in women; in men this phenomenon is quite rare; Most often diagnosed in spring and autumn.

Very often, an erysipelas on the leg is not perceived as a danger, since redness, swelling and general malaise are attributed to allergies, insect bites and other reasons. Meanwhile, the disease requires consultation with a specialist and immediate initiation of treatment. It is also not worth starting self-treatment and taking antibiotics.

Erysipelas of the lower leg is the most common, and can be identified by severe itching in the calf area, the appearance of obvious swelling in the first hours, as well as the rapid spread of erythema, accompanied by pain.

It is the erysipelas of the lower leg that leads to elephantiasis, as it causes. Complications of inflammation in the calves and legs can include purulent abscesses and abscesses, as a result of which gangrene can even develop.

A characteristic feature of erysipelas on the legs is the possibility of relapses and the severe course of the disease in general. It is worth remembering that the means alternative medicine are unable to effectively fight streptococcal infection, and no decoctions, compresses or infusions will lead to recovery.

Face and head

Erysipelas of the face is also characterized by impaired lymph flow, since the infection primarily affects large and small lymphatic vessels. Acute inflammation can be complicated by the presence of cracks and other damage to the skin. In some cases, erysipelas on the face can be repeated; relapses occur quite often.

Inflammatory processes can affect the cheeks, nose, outer areas of the ear and mouth, but often redness is observed on the cheeks, and the erythema resembles a butterfly in its shape. Much less often, inflammatory processes are observed under the hair.

The particular pain of erysipelas on the face deserves special mention, so you should not touch the affected areas again.

Hands

Erysipelas of the hand is considered one of the most unpleasant cases, as it greatly complicates life, making it difficult to do even ordinary household activities. In addition, when the hands are red and swollen, the possibility of developing erysipelas is the last thing people think about, so the diagnosis is usually made after the body temperature rises significantly.

Complications with erysipelas of the hands occur due to the entry of pathogenic microbes. Concomitant diseases significantly complicate the course of the disease, so you should take special care of your hands when the inflammatory process begins.

Characteristic symptoms and signs of erysipelas

Symptoms of erysipelas depend on the form and severity of the disease. The frequency of development is also important, since some relapses and repeated cases can be much more difficult to tolerate. The localization of areas of inflammation is only partly the determining factor, but the overall prevalence of erysipelas usually leads to an increase in the intensity of symptoms.

Most often, the disease begins with a feeling of slight chills, which intensifies very quickly, and later lethargy, weakness and drowsiness appear. In some cases, a severe throbbing headache, muscle spasms, nausea with vomiting may appear in the first hours. The heart rate may increase significantly, and the temperature may rise sharply to 39 – 40ºC.

Sometimes the symptoms are much more unpleasant, and at the slightest suspicion of a severe form of the course, you should immediately seek help. medical assistance. The first signs of such a situation are periodic convulsions and speech disturbances, as well as delirium. If measures are not taken in time, the membranes of the brain may also suffer from irritation.

Signs of erysipelas intensify during the day, and after 24 hours, symptoms of local inflammation make themselves known. These include pain, swelling, severe burning and itching, as well as a feeling of tension in the affected area of ​​the skin.

Most often encountered in medical practice erythematous and erythematous-bullous varieties of the disease.

In the first form of development the area affected by erysipelas acquires a rich, bright red color (erythema), any touch to which is quite painful. The edges of the area may appear jagged, and the area itself is usually swollen, causing it to rise slightly above the overall surface of the skin. Subsequently, the upper layer of the epithelium may begin to peel off.

Combined erythematous-bullous type of erysipelas characterized by the symptoms described above, which are supplemented by some others. Usually, after a couple of days, the top layer of skin peels off at the site of redness, in place of which bubbles appear with an opaque liquid inside. After they burst, a rather hard crust of a dirty brown color forms in their place. In rare cases, erosive processes occur on the skin.

Hemorrhagic processes in erysipelas are accompanied by hemorrhages and rupture of small blood vessels.

Among the main complications after erysipelas, nephritis should be highlighted due to disruption of the kidneys and circulatory system. In addition, ulceration of the affected areas is considered a common consequence, and the likelihood of necrosis also increases. Elephantiasis is one of the most unpleasant complications, and occurs due to impaired lymph outflow.

Video: doctor about the symptoms of erysipelas

Therapeutic methods in the treatment of erysipelas

The therapeutic course for the treatment of erysipelas usually lasts from a week to ten days, and patients are recommended to be hospitalized in order to avoid consequences of varying severity and significant deterioration in well-being.

Isolation of patients is considered necessary even when mild form illnesses. For erysipelas, single or double injections of penicillin per day are highly discouraged, even if we are talking about relatively large doses.

Treatment is based on rational antibiotic therapy, and detoxification drugs are used as additional means.

Treatment with antibiotics begins immediately after the patient’s body responds positively to the antibiotic therapy. In such a case, within a day, chills and fever disappear, inflammatory processes subside, and the intensity of pain decreases.

A review of the diagnosis or determination of the severity of the disease should be carried out only after there is no improvement after 72 hours after the administration of antibiotics.

• In 80% of cases, benzylpenicillin has a positive effect, if we are not talking about the presence of sepsis or other infections;
• If you are allergic to standard penicillin drugs, it is recommended to use macrolides;
• Antimycotics are used for erysipelas of the leg, complicated by the development of fungus;
• Ulcerative lesions require treatment only with systemic antibiotics;
• The use of any antibiotics for erysipelas does not exclude the possibility of relapses.

Unlike other consequences, the likelihood of blood clots from erysipelas is small, so anticoagulants are not usually used. In cases where erysipelas is complicated by obesity, prevention with heparin injections is recommended.

Recurrences of erysipelas may occur if the root cause of the disease (provoking factors) has not been eliminated. It is interesting that the re-development of inflammatory processes can be localized in another area, sometimes quite far from the first.

If you do not carry out regular prevention with medications and do not change the hygienic conditions of work and life, then a relapse can be observed within six months.

Treating even minor skin lesions with antiseptics is very effective. preventative measure against the occurrence of erysipelas, for this you can use special gels, among other things.

It is worth remembering that traditional medicines - ointments, herbs and infusions will not help in the fight against the disease, and can only be used as aid after consultation with your doctor.

Video: program about erysipelas

Erysipelas or erysipelas of the skin is one of the manifestations of acute general streptococcal infection. This disease manifests itself as a predominant focal lesion of the dermis and underlying subcutaneous fat and occurs against the background of intoxication syndrome. Erysipelas is common mainly in countries with temperate and cold climates; most often, an increase in incidence is observed in the off-season.

Etiology

Erysipelas is a skin infectious disease caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. It is also called pyogenic. Moreover, any strain (serovar) of this bacterium is pathogenic for humans and can, under certain conditions, lead to erysipelas.

β-hemolytic streptococcus is a non-motile, spherical gram-negative bacterium that produces a fairly large amount of substances that are toxic to humans. They belong to exotoxins, because their release does not require the death of the pathogen. It is these substances that form the basis of the aggressiveness and pathogenicity of streptococcus and determine the characteristics of the human body’s reaction to the introduction of this pathogen. They have pyrogenic, cyto- and histotoxic, hemolytic, immunosuppressive effects.

β-hemolytic streptococcus is quite resistant to many external physical factors. It withstands freezing and drying well. But an increase in temperature negatively affects his life. This explains the lower prevalence of all forms of streptococcal infection in countries with hot climates.

How the infection is transmitted

Penetration of the pathogen occurs by airborne droplets. Less common is contact and household transmission of infection. Entry gates can be microdamages of the mucous membrane and skin, scratches, abrasions, insect bites, opened calluses, wound and postoperative surfaces.

β-hemolytic streptococcus is also the cause of not only erysipelas, but also many other septic conditions. The causative agent of any serovar can lead to the development of various. And this does not depend on the route of entry and the clinical form of streptococcal infection in the patient who became the source of infection. Therefore, erysipelas can develop after contact with a person who suffers from any form of streptococcal infection or is even an asymptomatic carrier.

β-hemolytic streptococcus causes sore throat, sinusitis, rheumatism, acute rheumatic fever, scarlet fever (including in the form of ecthyma). Streptococcus is often detected in patients with sepsis, pneumonia, non-epidemic meningitis, myositis, osteomylitis, necrotizing fasciitis, food toxic infection, acute glomerulonephritis, nonspecific urethritis and cystitis. In women, it is the most common cause of postpartum and post-abortion endometritis, and in newborns - omphalitis.

Streptococcus is a fairly common and aggressive pathogen. This leads to a logical question: is erysipelas contagious or not?

A significant number of people in contact with the patient do not become ill. But since erysipelas is one of the possible manifestations of a common streptococcal infection, transmission of the pathogen from a sick person to a healthy person cannot be ruled out. This does not mean that he will definitely develop erysipelas. Other forms of streptococcal infection or transient asymptomatic carriage may occur.

In most cases, clinically significant pathology and especially erysipelas developed when a person had a number of certain predisposing factors. In general, patients with erysipelas are considered less infectious.

Erysipelas of the leg

What contributes to the development of the disease

Predisposing factors are:

• Immunodeficiency conditions of any origin. Insufficient reactivity of the immune system can be caused by HIV, hypercytokinemia, radiation and chemotherapy, taking immunosuppressive drugs after transplantation, certain blood diseases, and glucocorticosteroid therapy. Relative immunodeficiency is also observed after recent or current protracted infectious and inflammatory diseases.
• Presence of chronic venous insufficiency lower extremities with varicose veins. Erysipelas of the leg often occurs against the background of blood stagnation and accompanying trophic disorders of the soft tissues of the legs and feet.
• Tendency to lymphostasis and so-called elephantiasis. This also includes disturbances in lymphatic drainage due to the removal of packages of regional lymph nodes during surgical treatment of malignant tumors.
• Violation of skin integrity due to dermatitis of any etiology, mycoses, diaper rash, chafing, injuries, excessive tanning. Some occupational hazards can also lead to microdamage to the epidermis (working in an excessively dry, dusty, chemically contaminated room, prolonged wearing of tight, poorly ventilated work clothes and individual funds protection). Particular importance is given to injections narcotic substances. They are usually produced under aseptic conditions and promote the development of phlebitis.
• The presence of foci of chronic streptococcal infection. Most often these are carious teeth and accompanying gingivitis, chronic tonsillitis and rhinosinusitis.
• Diabetes.
• Chronic deficiency of essential nutrients and vitamins, which is possible when following irrational diets and fasting, diseases of the digestive tract with predominant damage to the intestines.

Pathogenesis

Erysipelas can occur both in the zone of primary penetration of streptococcus and at a distance from the entrance gate of the infection. In the second case, the key role is played by hematogenous and lymphogenous pathway spread of the pathogen from the primary inflammatory focus. Activation of a pathogen that persists for a long time in the thickness of the dermis is also possible, and erysipelas often acquires a recurrent course.

Penetration and subsequent reproduction of β-hemolytic streptococcus leads to a complex of local and general changes. They are caused by direct cell damage, the action of bacterial exotoxins and the inclusion of an immunopathological mechanism. All organs are involved in the process to one degree or another, with the kidneys and the cardiovascular system are among the most likely secondary targets.

Streptococcal infection is characterized by fairly rapid generalization, which is explained by the peculiarities of the local immune response at the site of introduction of the pathogen and the high activity of the substances it secretes. Therefore, if the immune system is insufficiently responsive, sepsis may develop with the appearance of secondary septic foci.

The activation of the autoimmune mechanism, which is characteristic of infection with β-hemolytic streptococcus, is also of great importance. This is accompanied by insufficient efficiency of natural elimination mechanisms. Under certain conditions, a person who has had any form of streptococcal infection remains sensitized. And the repeated introduction of the pathogen will trigger an active and not entirely adequate immune response. In addition, this can cause the development of secondary diseases with an autoimmune mechanism: glomerulonephritis, myocarditis and a number of others.

Features of local changes in erysipelas

The massive entry of exotoxins into the blood contributes to the rapid occurrence and increase of general intoxication. This is aggravated by the active release of inflammatory mediators due to the triggering of allergic and auto allergic reactions, because erysipelas usually occurs against the background of already existing sensitization of the body to streptococcal infection.

The introduction of the pathogen, the action of its toxins and the cytotoxic effect of the resulting immune complexes triggers serous inflammation in the reticular layer of the dermis. It occurs with local damage to the walls of lymphatic and blood capillaries and the development of lymphangitis, microphlebitis, and arteritis. This contributes to the formation of a swollen, painful and sharply hyperemic area, clearly demarcated from the surrounding healthy skin.

The serous exudate formed during erysipelas permeates the tissues, accumulates in the intercellular spaces and is capable of exfoliating the skin. This can cause the formation of blisters, the covering of which is the epidermis.

As a result of inflammation and the action of toxins, paresis of blood capillaries occurs and a sharp increase in their permeability. In this case, red blood cells leave the vascular bed, and serous exudate can become hemorrhagic. And massive toxic hemolysis of erythrocytes aggravates microcirculation disorders and can cause activation of the blood coagulation system. The formation of blood clots sharply impairs blood supply to the inflamed area, which can lead to tissue necrosis.

Neutrophils migrating to the site of inflammation phagocytose bacteria and die along with them. The progressive accumulation of such destroyed cells, leukocytes and tissues that have undergone proteolysis contributes to the transition of serous inflammation to purulent inflammation. At the same time, secondary immune disorders and a decrease in the barrier function of the skin contribute to the addition of a secondary infection, which aggravates and complicates the course of the disease.

Involvement of the underlying subcutaneous fatty tissue in the process aggravates disturbances in lymphatic drainage and contributes to the transition of the disease to the phlegmonous form. In this case, the pathogen gains the opportunity to further spread along the fascial sheaths of the limbs.

Classification

Erysipelas has several clinical forms. It is classified:

• According to the presence of a focus of streptococcal infection in the body: primary (occurring when the pathogen is introduced from the outside) and secondary (when bacteria spread by hematogenous or lymphogenous route).
• According to the nature of the inflammatory process: erythematous, bullous, phlegmonous and necrotic forms. In fact, they are successive, worsening stages of erysipelas.
• According to the prevalence of the process: local, migrating, creeping, metastatic.
• By type of course: acute primary, repeated and recurrent. Repeated erysipelas is said to occur if a disease of the same localization occurs more than a year after the first episode. And about a relapse - when inflammation develops in the same area less than a year later or when different areas of the skin are affected 5 times.
• By severity: mild, moderate and severe forms of the disease. In this case, it is usually not the severity of local changes that is taken into account, but the general condition of the patient and the manifestations of his intoxication. Only with progressive widespread damage do we speak of a severe form, even if the patient is in relatively good condition.
• According to the severity of symptoms: classic form of the disease, abortive, erased and atypical.
• By localization: erysipelas of the lower extremities and arms is most often diagnosed. Erysipelas of the face is also possible, while damage to the eyelids is classified as a separate clinical form of the disease. Erysipelas of the torso, mammary glands, scrotum, and female external genitalia are quite rare.

Symptoms

Erysipelas begins acutely, with general nonspecific signs of intoxication appearing 12-24 hours before local skin changes.

Body temperature rises sharply to febrile levels, which is accompanied by chills, headache, weakness, and palpitations. In some patients, against the background of severe intoxication, oneiric or hallucinatory-delusional syndrome develops. Sometimes already in the prodromal period there are signs of toxic damage to the liver, kidneys, and heart. Excessive drowsiness, nausea with vomiting that does not bring relief are possible. So the initial stage of erysipelas is nonspecific; the patient may mistake its manifestations for flu symptoms.

Local changes are the main symptom of the disease. In the classic course, they are local in nature and clearly demarcated from neighboring areas of the skin. Erythematous erysipelas is characterized by the appearance of sharp, bright hyperemia (erythema) with clearly defined edges and even a small ridge on the periphery. The lesion has uneven jagged boundaries. Sometimes it resembles the outlines of continents on geographical map. Inflamed skin looks dense, swollen, as if stretched and slightly shiny. It is dry and hot to the touch. The patient is bothered by burning pain, a feeling of tension and sharp hyperesthesia in the area of ​​erysipelas.

Bright redness can be replaced by a bluish-stagnant tint, which is associated with increasing local microcirculation disorders. Diapedetic and small hemorrhagic hemorrhages also often appear, which is explained by sweating and rupture of blood vessels.

On days 2-3 of the disease, signs of lymphostasis often appear with the development of lymphedema (dense lymphedema). At the same time, blisters and pustules may appear within the lesion, in which case bullous erysipelas is diagnosed. After opening them, a dense brown crust forms on the surface of the skin.

Resolution of erysipelas occurs gradually. With adequate treatment, the temperature normalizes within 3-5 days. Acute manifestations of the erythematous form disappear by 8-9 days, and with hemorrhagic syndrome they can persist for 12-16 days.

Swelling and hyperemia of the skin decreases, its surface begins to itch and peel. In some patients, after the main symptoms disappear, uneven hyperpigmentation and dark, congestive hyperemia are observed, which disappear on their own. But after suffering severe bullous hemorrhagic erysipelas, it can persist for years and even decades.

Features of erysipelas of various localizations

In clinical practice, erysipelas of the lower leg occurs most often (up to 70% of cases). It occurs in an erythematous or hemorrhagic-bullous form and is accompanied by severe lymphatic edema and secondary thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the lower limb. In most cases, erysipelas on the leg develops against the background of varicose veins, less often -.

1. Bullous-hemorrhagic form of erysipelas
2. Erysipelas, lymphostasis and ingrown nails against the background of fungal skin infection

Erysipelas of the hand has a predominantly erythematous form. Almost 80% of cases occur in patients with postoperative lymphostasis that arose after radical mastectomy regarding breast cancer. Recurrences of erysipelas on the arm aggravate the condition and lead to an increase in elephantiasis. This further disrupts a woman’s ability to work.

The manifestation of the disease on the face can be primary or secondary. Often its development is preceded by tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and caries. Erysipelas usually occurs in an erythematous form and is mild or less common. average degree gravity. Sometimes it is combined with streptococcal lesions of the mucous membranes. Erysipelas of the eyelids is accompanied by severe swelling.

Possible complications

The most likely complications of erysipelas include:

• extensive cellulitis or abscess;
• thrombophlebitis of nearby veins;
• infectious-toxic shock;
• sepsis;
• TELA;
• arthritis;
• tendovaginitis;
• myocarditis;
• nephritis, glomerulonephritis;
• acute infectious psychosis.

The main consequences of erysipelas are persistent hyperpigmentation and elephantiasis.

Principles of treatment

How to treat erysipelas at home (according to modern recommendations Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) is possible for mild to moderately severe disease; in most cases, it is possible to do without hospitalization of the patient. He is under the supervision of a local therapist and receives the treatment prescribed by him at home. If blisters are present, consultation with a surgeon is required to open and empty large bullae and select local therapy.

Indications for hospitalization are:

• elderly age of the patient;
• development of erysipelas in a child;
• severe immunodeficiency in the patient;
• severe course of the disease: severe intoxication syndrome, sepsis, widespread bullous-hemorrhagic lesions, necrotic and phlegmonous forms of erysipelas, addition of purulent complications;
• the presence of decompensated and subcompensated clinically significant somatic pathology - especially heart, kidney, and liver diseases;
• relapsing course.

If there are no indications for surgical intervention, the patient is hospitalized in the infectious diseases department. And when placed in a surgical hospital, he should be in the purulent surgery department.

How to treat erysipelas

When treating erysipelas, the shape, location and severity of the disease are taken into account. Important points are also the patient’s age and the presence of concomitant somatic diseases. All this also determines which doctor will treat erysipelas, whether surgical intervention will be required or whether it will be possible to manage with conservative methods.

For any form of the disease, complete systemic etiotropic therapy is required. Competent treatment treatment of erysipelas with antibiotics is aimed not only at relieving current symptoms, but also at preventing relapses and complications. After all, the goal of antibiotic therapy is the complete elimination of the pathogen in the body, including its protective L-forms.

β-hemolytic streptococcus retained high sensitivity to penicillin antibiotics. Therefore, they are used as a first-line drug in the treatment of erysipelas. If there are contraindications to penicillins or if it is necessary to use tablet forms, antibiotics of other groups, sulfonamides, furazolidones, and biseptol may be prescribed. A properly selected antibiotic can improve the patient’s condition within the first 24 hours.

In severe cases of the disease, antistreptococcal serum and gamma globulin can be used in addition to antibiotic therapy.

NSAIDs are used as auxiliary agents (with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory purposes), antihistamines(for desensitization). In case of severe intoxication, infusions based on glucose or saline solution. To treat severe bullous forms and emerging severe lymphostasis, systemic short-term glucocorticosteroid therapy is additionally carried out.

In some cases, measures are taken to activate the immune system. This may be the use of thymus preparations, biostimulants and multivitamins, autohemotherapy, plasma infusions.

Shown and local therapy, which can significantly improve the patient’s well-being and reduce the severity of inflammation. IN acute stage Wet dressings with dimexide, furacillin, chlorhexidine, and microcide are used. Thick ointment for erysipelas is not used at this stage, as it can provoke the development of an abscess and phlegmon. It is acceptable to dust the erysipelas with powdered antibacterial agents and enteroseptol, and treat it with antiseptic aerosols.

Treatment of erysipelas with folk remedies cannot act as the main method of fighting infection and cannot replace the one prescribed by a doctor. complex therapy. In addition, when using herbal infusions there is a risk of increased allergic reaction and blood flow in the affected area, which will negatively affect the course of the disease. Sometimes, in consultation with a doctor, irrigation with chamomile infusion and other agents with a mild antiseptic effect is used.

Physiotherapy is widely used: ultraviolet irradiation in erythemal doses, electrophoresis with proteolytic enzymes and potassium iodide, infrared laser therapy, magnetic therapy, lymphopressotherapy.

Prevention

Prevention of erysipelas includes timely treatment any foci of chronic infection, dermatitis, mycoses of the feet and varicose veins, achieving compensation for diabetes. It is recommended to observe the rules of personal hygiene, choose comfortable clothes made from natural fabrics, and wear comfortable shoes. When diaper rash or abrasions appear, they must be treated in a timely manner, additionally treating the skin with products with an antiseptic effect.

If you consult a doctor in a timely manner and strictly follow his recommendations, erysipelas can be successfully treated and does not lead to permanent disability.

Erysipelas (erysipelas) is a form of streptococcal infection of the skin and mucous membranes. Despite the fact that the disease has been known for a long time, even today it remains one of the most pressing problems in healthcare. Correct treatment faces and fulfillment to the fullest preventive measures will reduce the number of cases of severe hemorrhagic forms and relapses of the disease.

The cause of erysipelas is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The inflammatory process during the disease affects the main layer of the skin, its framework - the dermis, which performs supporting and trophic functions. The dermis contains many arterial, venous and lymphatic capillaries and fibers. Inflammation in erysipelas is infectious and allergic in nature. Erythema (redness), hemorrhages and bullae (blisters) are the main signs of erysipelas. The disease is dangerous due to the rapid development of necrotizing processes in soft tissues and is accompanied by severe intoxication.

Untimely and incorrect treatment of erysipelas, non-compliance with personal hygiene rules, absence or incorrect primary processing microtraumas and wounds on the skin, insufficient treatment of pustular diseases and foci of chronic infection are the primary causes of the development of erysipelas and its relapses.

Rice. 1. The photo shows erysipelas on the leg and its complication - elephantiasis.

Diagnosis of erysipelas

The diagnosis of erysipelas is made on the basis of the patient’s complaints, information about the development of the disease, life history and data from an objective research method. Differential diagnosis Erysipelas is carried out with a number of diseases that occur with damage to the skin. The bacteriological research method is used if it is difficult to make a diagnosis.

Rice. 2. The photo shows erysipelas of the skin. Redness and swelling, burning sensation and bursting pain, rapid enlargement of the lesion are the first local symptoms diseases. The erysipelatous plaque is delimited from the surrounding tissues by a roller, has jagged edges and resembles flames. The disease occurs against a background of fever and toxicosis.

Rice. 3. The phlegmonous-necrotic form of the disease (photo on the left) and gangrene of the lower limb (photo on the right) are serious complications of the bullous-hemorrhagic form of erysipelas.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of erysipelas is mainly carried out with dermatitis and erythema of various origins - erysepeloid, cutaneous form anthrax, abscess, phlegmon, panaritium, phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, obliterating endarteritis, acute eczema, toxicoderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Lam's disease (borreliosis), herpes zoster.

Basic diagnostic signs erysipelas:

• Acute onset of the disease, fever and intoxication, which often precede the appearance of a local lesion.
• Enlarged regional lymph nodes.
• Reduced pain intensity at rest.
• The characteristic localization of the inflammatory focus is most often the lower extremities, somewhat less often - the face and upper extremities, very rarely - the torso, mucous membranes, mammary gland, scrotum and perineal area.

Rice. 4. In the photo there is a mug on the face and hand.

Rice. 5. In the photo on the left are lesions with plague, on the right - with erythema nodosum.

Laboratory diagnosis of erysipelas

The optimal method for diagnosing erysipelas is to detect the causative agent of the disease and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics, which undoubtedly significantly improves the effectiveness of treatment. However, despite the fact that a huge number of streptococci accumulate in the affected area, the pathogens can be identified only in 25% of cases. This is due to the effect of antibacterial drugs on bacteria, which quickly stop the growth of erysipelas pathogens, so the use of the bacteriological method is considered inappropriate.

• The bacteriological research method is used if it is difficult to make a diagnosis. The material for research is the contents of ulcers and wounds. An imprint technique is used where a glass slide is placed on the affected area. Next, the smear is examined under a microscope.
• The properties of bacteria and their sensitivity to antibiotics are studied during growth on nutrient media.
• Specific methods laboratory diagnostics faces are not developed.
• In the blood of patients with erysipelas, as with all infectious diseases, there is an increased number of leukocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and an increase in ESR.

Rice. 6. In the photo on the left, streptococci under a microscope. Bacteria are arranged in chains and in pairs. On the right - colonies of streptococci growing on nutrient media.

Treatment of erysipelas (therapeutic regimen)

Treatment of erysipelas is most often carried out at home (outpatient). In case of recurrence of the disease, development of complications, presence of severe forms concomitant diseases, as well as in the presence of the disease in children and elderly adults, treatment of erysipelas is carried out in inpatient conditions.

The treatment for erysipelas is determined by localization pathological process and the severity of the patient's condition. If you are ill, you do not need to follow a special diet.

Treatment of erysipelas with antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics and other groups of antibacterial drugs destroy pathogens. Antibiotic therapy is an obligatory and leading component of the treatment process.

• The most effective in treating erysipelas are beta-lactam antibiotics from the group of natural and semi-synthetic penicillins - Benzylpenicillin, Oxacillin, Methicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampiox.
• Cephalosporins of the first and second generations have a good effect.
• In case of intolerance to antibiotics, penicillin groups are prescribed macrolides or Lincomycin.
• Less effective antibacterial drugs groups of nitrofurans and sulfonamides, which are prescribed for intolerance to antibiotics.

The course of antibiotic therapy is 7 - 10 days.

Antibacterial treatment for recurrent erysipelas

Treatment of recurrent erysipelas should be carried out in a hospital setting. In treatment, the use of beta-lactam antibiotics followed by a course of intramuscular injection Lincomycin. Among beta-lactam antibiotics, it is recommended to use semi-synthetic penicillins - Methicillin, Oxacillin, Ampicillin And Ampioks, as well as first and second generation cephalosporins. It is better to start the first course of 2-course treatment with cephalosporins. The second course of lincomycin is carried out after a 5-7 day break. With each subsequent relapse of the disease, the antibiotic should be changed.

Rice. 7. The photo shows erysipelas in children.

Pathogenetic treatment of erysipelas

Pathogenetic treatment of erysipelas is aimed at interrupting damage mechanisms, activating adaptive reactions of the body and accelerating repair processes. Pathogenetic therapy started early (in the first three days) prevents the development of bullae and hemorrhages, as well as the development of necrotic processes.

Detoxification therapy

Waste products and substances released when bacteria die cause the development of toxicosis and fever. Toxins, foreign antigens and cytokines damage the membranes of phagocytes. Their immunostimulation in this moment may be ineffective and even harmful. Therefore, detoxification in the treatment of erysipelas is a primary element in immunotherapy. Detoxification therapy is carried out both for the initial episode of the disease and for repeated cases. Colloidal solutions are widely used for detoxification purposes: hemodez, rheopolyglucin And 5% glucose solution With ascorbic acid.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

This group of drugs is indicated for severe swelling and pain in the area of ​​inflammation. Taking NSAIDs in adequate dosages brings significant relief to the patient. The following drugs are indicated: Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, Voltaren etc. within 2 weeks.

Desensitization therapy

Inflammation in erysipelas is infectious and allergic in nature. The release of large amounts of histamine leads to damage to blood and lymphatic capillaries. Inflammation increases. Swelling develops. Itching appears. Antihistamines inhibit histamine synthesis. 1st and 2nd generation drugs are indicated: Diazolin, Tavegil, Claridon, Zyrtec etc. Duration of use is 7 - 10 days.

Immunocorrection

The use of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of erysipelas

Glucocorticoids have anti-inflammatory, desensitizing, antiallergic and immunosuppressive effects. They have antishock and antitoxic properties. The focus of infectious-allergic erysipelas consumes large amounts of glucocorticoids. This leads to the development of extra-adrenal insufficiency. In severe cases of erysipelas with severe inflammation and allergies, glucocorticosteroids such as Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone etc. In case of abscesses and tissue necrosis, as well as in elderly people, steroid hormones are contraindicated.

Correction of insufficiency of the phagocytic system

Impaired functions of phagocytes and insufficiency of the T-cell immunity of patients with erysipelas lead to a decrease in immunity and the transition of the disease to chronic form. Correction of immune disorders in erysipelas leads to an improvement in the clinical course of the disease and a reduction in the number of relapses. All patients with continuously relapsing forms of the disease need treatment with immunotropic drugs.

Used to stimulate phagocytes Polyoxidonium, Lykopid, Methyluracil, Pentoxyl, Galavit, Sodium Nucleinate, etc. In case of insufficiency of T-cell immunity, they are used Timalin, Taktivin and Thymogen.

Vitamin therapy in the treatment of erysipelas

Vitamins have an antitoxic effect, increase the body's resistance to streptococci, promote tissue regeneration, and support normal cell metabolism.

Ascorbic acid(vitamin C) for erysipelas is used to ensure normal capillary permeability, enhance the detoxification function of the liver, activate phagocytosis, reduce inflammation and allergic reactions. Reduces capillary permeability Askorutin.

Rice. 8. Early (in the first three days) pathogenetic therapy prevents the development of bullae, hemorrhages, and necrotic processes. In the photo there is a phlegmonous-necrotic form of erysipelas

Physiotherapeutic methods for treating erysipelas

Physiotherapy is used to achieve best effect in the treatment of erysipelas and preventing the development of undesirable consequences. In the acute period, physiotherapeutic techniques such as ultraviolet irradiation and UHF are used.

Physiotherapy in the acute period

• Ultraviolet irradiation using short waves is prescribed from the first days of treatment for the erythematous form of the disease. Under its influence, streptococci and staphylococci lose their ability to grow and reproduce.
• At UHF therapy are used electromagnetic fields ultra high frequency. The heat generated during UHF therapy penetrates deep into the tissue, helping to reduce inflammation, swelling, pain and stimulate blood circulation. Treatment is prescribed on days 5–7 of the disease.
• In the acute period, the use of cryotherapy is indicated. The essence of cryotherapy is the short-term freezing of the surface layers of the skin with a jet of chloroethyl, which leads to normalization of body temperature, disappearance of symptoms of intoxication, reduction of swelling and pain in the lesion, and acceleration of repair processes.

Rice. 9. In the acute period, physiotherapeutic techniques such as ultraviolet irradiation and UHF are used.

Physiotherapy during the recovery period

• Infrared laser therapy widely used in the treatment of erysipelas, including hemorrhagic forms. In the stage of severe inflammatory edema, hemorrhages and the appearance of bullous elements, the use of laser radiation with a low frequency is indicated, in the recovery stage - with a high frequency. Under the influence of laser radiation, blood supply processes in the affected areas are stimulated, cellular immunity and regeneration processes are activated.
• To reduce infiltration and ensure lymph outflow from 5 to 7 days of illness, the use of electrophoresis with potassium iodide or lidase.
• Paraffin therapy, ozokerite applications and dressings with naphthalan ointment in the treatment of erysipelas, it is used in the subacute period, when irreversible processes have not yet developed in the affected area of ​​the skin. Paraffin is used as a coolant. It slowly releases heat, due to which the capillaries expand, metabolism in the affected tissue area increases, and the processes of resorption of infiltrates and regeneration are accelerated.

Applications of ozokerite and paraffin are used when erysipelas is localized on the face; dressings with naphthalan ointment are indicated when inflammation is localized on the lower extremities.

• During the recovery period shown radon baths.

Rice. 10. In the treatment of erysipelas, infrared laser and paraffin therapy are used.

Treatment of erysipelas on the leg

For the erythematous form of erysipelas, local treatment is not required. Local treatment of erysipelas on the leg is carried out in case of development of the bullous form of the disease.

• Blisters that appear on the affected area of ​​the skin are carefully incised. After the exudate comes out, a bandage with 0.02% is applied furacillin solution or 0.1% rivanol solution. The dressings are changed several times a day. Tight bandaging is unacceptable. The use of such antiseptic solutions, How ethacridine lactate, dimescid, dioxidine, microcide. After subsiding acute process bandages are applied with vinylin or ectericide.
• In case of extensive erosions that have arisen at the site of opened blisters, before starting local treatment of erysipelas on the legs, it is necessary to arrange a manganese bath for the limb.
• With the development of hemorrhagic syndrome, the use of 5% is indicated Dibunola liniment. Dibunol is an antioxidant agent that has a stimulating effect on regeneration processes. Liniment is applied in a thin layer either to the wound or to the bandage 2 times a day for 5 to 7 days.
• In the treatment of erysipelas it is indicated local application glucocorticoids in the form aerosol Oxycyclosol, which contains the antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride and prednisolone. The aerosol is used to treat the affected area of ​​skin with an area of ​​no more than 20 square meters. cm.
• Subcutaneous injections of proteolytic enzymes increase capillary permeability and promote the resorption of scar tissue. lidases And trypsin.

It is prohibited to use ointment dressings, including Vishnevsky balm and ichthyol ointment, when treating erysipelas.

Rice. 11. Bandages with antiseptic solutions should not compress the limb.

Surgical treatment of erysipelas

In case of development of abscesses, phlegmons and necrosis, surgical treatment methods are used.

• Abscesses and cellulitis are opened by dissecting the skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue and the walls of the abscess cavity, followed by evacuation of detritus, washing with antiseptics and revision. Non-viable areas are excised. The wound is not sutured.
• During development purulent lymphadenitis, abscess phlebitis and paraphlebitis The lesion is opened, followed by drainage of the wound.
• Necrotic areas the skin is excised (necrectomy).
• Defects large sizes covered with a flap of one’s own skin moved from another area (autodermoplasty).

Don't self-medicate! Incorrect and incomplete treatment can lead to serious complications and even death.

Rice. 12. The photo shows the opening of a purulent focus with subsequent drainage of the cavity.

Prevention of erysipelas

List of preventive measures after recovery

• Treatment of diseases that contribute to the development of erysipelas - chronic venous insufficiency, lymphostasis, and nails, foci of chronic streptococcal infection.
• Prevention of microtraumas of the skin and treatment with antiseptics when they occur.
• In case of a recurrent course, carry out prophylaxis with bicillin-5 (not accepted by everyone), avoid hypothermia, and undergo a timely course of antibiotic treatment.

How to avoid getting sick

• Observe personal hygiene rules.
• Prevent and promptly treat diaper rash.
• Treat damaged skin with antiseptics.
• Fight foci of chronic infection, including mycosis of the feet and nails.
• Treat diseases that contribute to the development of erysipelas.

Rice. 13. Lymphostasis and varicose veins of the lower extremities contribute to the appearance of erysipelas.

Articles in the section "Erysipelas (erysipelas)"Most popular

Erysipelas or erysipelas is an infectious-allergic process caused by exposure to streptococci, which affects the skin, mucous membranes and regional lymph nodes. The disease is characterized by the occurrence of clearly limited inflammation, which is accompanied by redness and swelling of the skin. Additional symptoms are a rise in body temperature, weakness, nausea and headache. The route of penetration of the bacterium is through minor damage to the skin or when the integrity of the mucous membranes is damaged. The disorder is often localized on the face, lower and upper limbs and torso. Redness of this nature is much less common in the perineal area. In the international classification of diseases (ICD-10), erysipelas has its own meaning - A46.

There is a characteristic seasonal tendency for the disease - it often manifests itself in the warm season. The disease affects people of absolutely any age, but a large number of victims are representatives of the fairer sex, over fifty years of age. This pathology occurs only in people with low level immunity, decreased due to severe or chronic diseases. In some cases, erysipelas occurs in newborn babies, but this is only when it gets into the umbilical wound.

Diagnosis of the disease consists of general and biochemical analysis urine and blood, as well as microscopic examination the contents of blisters that appear on the affected area of ​​the skin. Treatment of erysipelas consists of taking medicines, physiotherapeutic procedures and the use of traditional medicine, but only after consultation with a specialist. Hospitalization is required in extremely severe cases, as well as in cases of frequent relapses of the disease.

Etiology

The sources of the disease are carriers of various. Moreover, the carrier himself does not suffer from such a skin disorder, and only a person with a weakened immune system can become infected. Predisposing factors to the occurrence of erysipelas are:

• violation of the integrity of the skin, ranging from minor scratches and insect bites to ulcers and bedsores;
• effect on the skin chemical substances often during contact at work;
• wearing tight clothes or shoes that can injure the skin;
• viral skin diseases. For example, or ;
• purulent skin lesion. This group also includes;
• chronic diseases of the epidermis -, or;
• various blood clotting disorders;
• fungal infections;
• complications after diseases of the organs of hearing, vision and respiratory tract;
• and other disorders that progress due to metabolic disorders;
• the use of certain medications that lead to a decrease in immunity;
• diseases that change the composition of the blood;
• diseases of the immune system, in particular;
• oncological neoplasms;
• prolonged fasting or refusal to sleep;
• lack of vitamins and nutrients in the body;
• abuse bad habits;
• excessively high body weight;
• prolonged hypothermia of the body.

Varieties

A disease such as erysipelas can have a different location of the inflammatory process. Thus, erysipelas of the leg is most often diagnosed - often the result of a fungal infection or injury. The formation of this disease is facilitated by disorders that cause impaired blood circulation in the lower extremities. Such diseases include -, and. These pathologies often lead to erysipelas of the lower leg.

Erysipelas of the hand - in most cases, affects the skin of men under thirty-five years of age who are addicted to drugs. This is caused by the penetration of streptococci through drug injection sites. In the fairer sex, this pathology occurs due to removal of the mammary gland or due to stagnation of lymph in the upper limb.

Erysipelas of the face is formed depending on the affected area of ​​the skin. For example, when erysipelas occurs around the eyes, when - near the auricle, on the neck or head. This type of disease is always accompanied by symptoms such as severe pain and swelling.

Erysipelas of the trunk - most often expressed around the sutures from surgical operations, in cases of improper care. For this reason, erysipelas often appears in newborns.

Erysipelas of the perineum - affects the area of ​​the anus, scrotum in men and labia in women. Inflammation forms against the background of abrasions, diaper rash or scratching. Often appears in women after childbirth.

Depending on the course, this skin disease is divided into:

• erythematous form - it is characterized by a mild course. The duration of the inflammatory process does not exceed two weeks, after which the symptoms disappear, and slight pigmentation remains in the areas of redness. The occurrence of pinpoint hemorrhages indicates the progression of the erythematous-hemorrhagic form;
• bullous - characterized by significant swelling and detachment of the upper layer of skin. It rises, forming bubbles of various sizes. After they burst, yellow crusts remain on the face or limbs. If the blisters contain exudate mixed with blood, this form becomes bullous-hemorrhagic;
• phlegmonous - in this case the blisters contain pus. The main symptom is sharp pain at the site of inflammation;
• gangrenous – death of the affected area of ​​the skin is observed. After its rejection, visible scars remain.

According to the degree of localization, erysipelas is:

• local - only one, clearly limited area is affected;
• wandering – penetration of the pathogenic process into the lymph nodes;
• metastatic - characterized by the appearance of several foci of inflammation, separate from each other. This is due to the spread of infection through the bloodstream. This type is extremely rare.

Symptoms

Erysipelas is characterized by an acute onset, which is why a person can easily point to the first time symptoms appeared. The main signs of the disease are:

• the chills are often quite severe, causing the whole body to shake;
• a significant increase in body temperature, up to fever;
• convulsions;
• delusional state of a person;
• constant weakness accompanied by severe dizziness;
• nausea, which rarely ends with vomiting;
• muscle pain;
• change in skin tone. Redness appears ten hours after the onset of the disease. This sign disappears after about two weeks, leaving behind peeling;
• the formation of blisters with purulent contents, in some cases with blood impurities. At the site of the outbreak, a person may feel itching, burning or pain. After they burst, scars or spots remain on the skin;
• significant swelling of the affected area compared to other parts of the body;
• severe swelling of the affected areas, which is most clearly expressed in erysipelas of the lower leg;
• enlargement of regional lymph nodes.

The disease can be treated with antibiotics, but this does not protect a person from relapse of the disorder.

Complications

If treatment of erysipelas was performed in a timely manner, complications are quite rare. The risk group for their manifestation is the elderly and people with weakened immune systems. Complications include:

• circulatory disorders;
• inflammation of the bronchi;
• blood clots;
• formation of elephantiasis;
• the appearance of ulcers, necrosis and abscesses on the skin;
• blood poisoning;
• lymph stagnation.

Diagnostics

The therapist knows what erysipelas is, how to properly diagnose and treat it. It will not be difficult for an experienced specialist to identify diseases by the expression of characteristic external symptoms. First, the doctor conducts a complete examination of the patient and the affected area of ​​skin. Additionally, blood tests may be needed to determine blood clotting ability. Urine tests are necessary to detect the protein and red blood cells that are characteristic of this disease.

Laboratory studies of the contents of the vesicles are necessary to identify the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. In addition, consultations with specialists such as an infectious disease specialist and a dermatologist may be necessary. After receiving all the test results, the attending physician prescribes the most effective treatment tactics for erysipelas.

Treatment

Treatment of erysipelas is based on taking antibiotics, since the disease is infectious. Complex drug therapy includes the prescription of antibacterial and antihistamines to combat allergies, as well as vitamin and mineral complexes. Sometimes a blood transfusion may be required.

Physiotherapy is often used, which includes:

• effects on skin ultraviolet radiation;
• use for medicinal purposes magnetic field;
• quartzing;
• laser therapy.

In most cases, treatment of erysipelas is carried out on an outpatient basis. But with a severe course, frequent relapses, the presence of concomitant ailments, as well as a gangrenous form, the patient must be hospitalized in the infectious diseases department. For the bullous form, compresses with furatsilin are prescribed. For the entire duration of therapy, the patient must be provided with rest, bed rest and a special diet. It is necessary to increase the consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables and honey.

Treatment of erysipelas with folk remedies will vary depending on the location and type of the disease. For erysipelas, use:

• ointment made from honey, coltsfoot and chamomile;
• lotions based on a decoction of dandelion, calendula, blackberry, oak bark and calendula.

Erysipelas of the hand can be eliminated:

• compresses from hawthorn fruits;
• an infusion of vodka and honey, which must be used as a lotion.

To help get rid of erysipelas on your leg:

• ointment from burdock leaf and sour cream;
• bandage soaked in fresh potato juice.

The symptoms of bullous erysipelas can be reduced by raspberry, burdock, kalanchoe and plantain leaves crushed into porridge. Pork fat and crushed sage leaves can treat the erythematous type of disease. For hemorrhagic erysipelas, plantain, eucalyptus, nettle and yarrow should be used. Before using non-traditional methods of treating erysipelas, you should consult your doctor. In addition, traditional medicine should not be the only way to treat erysipelas.

Prevention

Preventative measures for erysipelas include:

• timely treatment of any inflammatory and infectious diseases that can reduce immunity;
• compliance with personal hygiene rules;
• wearing loose and comfortable clothing;
• avoiding diaper rash;
• taking courses therapeutic massages;
• elimination of fungal infections to prevent erysipelas of the leg;
• restrictions on overheating and hypothermia of the body.

Since erysipelas can affect absolutely every person, it is necessary, when the first signs appear, to seek help from a specialist. This disease can be overcome within two weeks and limit yourself from its relapse.

Erysipelas on the leg is a fairly common disease that is of an infectious nature. The provoking factor is group A hemolytic streptococcus, which causes intoxication of the body with external manifestations of inflammatory processes on the skin.

On a note. As medical statistics show, erysipelas of the leg ranks 4th among infectious diseases in terms of frequency of manifestations.

Provoking factors that cause the disease

Doctors say that the causes of erysipelas on the leg for many are related to professional activities. For example, in men 20-30 years old, whose work requires constant carrying of heavy loads, is associated with construction, and the use of sharp objects, the disease is diagnosed more often than others. Injured skin quickly becomes contaminated with construction debris, so optimal conditions are created for streptococcus - it penetrates and spreads quickly.

In women, erysipelas on the leg appears more often after 40 years. In all cases, the reasons may be:

• weakened immune system;
• frequent colds or infectious diseases;
• violation of the integrity of the skin;
• allergic reactions to staphylococcal infection;
• sudden and frequent changes in temperature in the room or at work;
• previous injuries or severe bruises;
• sunburn;
• frequent stress, depression, constant psycho-emotional overload;
• diabetes;
• obesity;
• trophic ulcers;
• foot fungus;
• alcohol abuse.

It is important to know! Erysipelas can also occur in children. The most common cause is stress or sunburn which was treated incorrectly.

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Clinical picture of the disease

Symptoms of erysipelas of the leg are directly related to the type of disease. Today, doctors classify the disease depending on:

1. Symptom severity:

• light;
• moderate severity;
• heavy.

1. From the frequency of manifestations:

• primary;
• recurrent;
• secondary.

1. From the affected area:

• wandering;
• localized;
• widespread.

If erysipelas on a person’s leg appears for the first time, then on the first day after activation of streptococcus in the body:

1. For no apparent reason, body temperature rises to 40 degrees.
2. Severe muscle pain and headache appear.
3. There is severe weakness.
4. In cases of severe intoxication, nausea, vomiting, convulsions and confusion may occur.

A day later, the symptoms of erysipelas on the leg are complemented by burning, swelling, and redness of the skin. The skin in the affected areas becomes hot and swelling appears.

The disease itself got its name because of its external manifestations on the skin. A bright red color appears on the lower limb, the lesion looks like a flame, has clear edges.

The acute phase of the course takes from 5 to 15 days, after which the inflammation subsides and signs of peeling remain on the surface of the skin.

If the disease is severe, then after the skin peels off, the affected areas are filled with serous or hemorrhagic contents.

Considering that the disease can be recurrent, the symptoms and treatment of erysipelas on the leg cannot be ignored in order to avoid consequences.

Remember! Erysipelas is contagious and can be transmitted through household contact.

Treatment Options

Symptoms of erysipelas of the leg and treatment are always closely related. Doctors, through a visual examination and laboratory tests, determine the severity of the disease and choose the optimal treatment option.

IN case of lung course or relapse, treatment of erysipelas on the leg can occur on an outpatient basis if the disease has become severe or running form, then the doctor will definitely suggest hospitalization.

First of all, regardless of the form and course, the doctor will recommend which antibiotics to take for erysipelas of the leg. The drugs can be administered orally or intramuscularly. The most effective and efficient drugs in the fight against streptococcus remain the penicillin group of drugs (Amoxicillin, Ospamox). Furazolidone and Erythromycin can be combined with them to enhance the effect.

Treating the symptoms of erysipelas with ointment has its own characteristics. It should be applied only to the prepared area of ​​skin. It is recommended to pre-treat it with a solution of furatsilin, which will help avoid secondary infection and the addition of additional infection.

To help the body resist the disease on its own, it is necessary to treat with immunostimulants. It can be vitamin complexes or biostimulants that ensure rapid healing of wounds and restoration of the body after severe intoxication. To strengthen the nerve endings in the affected limb, B vitamins are prescribed.

If a patient has a high temperature and inflammatory processes on the skin begin, it is recommended to use antipyretics ( "Aspirin", "Ibuprofen"), anti-inflammatory ( "Baralgin", "Reopirin", "Diclofenac").

If signs of intoxication of the body are pronounced and long time do not disappear, then the patient is given intravenous glucose solution, it is recommended drinking plenty of fluids and diuretics.

In case of frequent relapses, treatment may be supplemented hormonal therapy With " Prednisone."

Remember! Erysipelas requires a lot of time to completely cure, and therapy should be aimed not only at recovery, but also at preventing serious complications.

Besides drug treatment erysipelas of the leg, the following procedures are prescribed:

• ultraviolet irradiation;
• weak current discharges;
• high frequency current;
• laser therapy.

If lymph drainage is impaired in a limb, it is recommended to:

• ozokerite;
• magnetic therapy;
• electrophoresis with Lidase.

The use of these methods allows you to avoid the development of elephantiasis in the affected limb.

In case of severe disease or a high likelihood of complications, surgical intervention may be used. The doctor opens the watery blisters and removes the accumulated fluid out. After this, the resulting wounds are treated with an antiseptic. After surgical intervention An antibiotic ointment with an analgesic effect can be used until the wounds are completely healed.

Surgery is a last resort method prescribed by a doctor.

At-Home Treatment Options

How to treat erysipelas of the leg at home? First you need to consult a doctor and determine the severity of the disease.

Remember! Application of recipes traditional medicine possible only after agreement with your doctor!

Among the most popular and effective recipes The following are distinguished:

1. Burnet decoction. It is made from 100 grams of water and 1 tablespoon of pre-chopped grass. The herb is poured with water, boiled for 10 minutes and cooled to room temperature. Gauze is soaked in the decoction and applied to the affected areas of the skin. This compress helps to quickly get rid of redness, relieves severe itching, burning. For treatment, doctors can recommend not only a decoction of this herb, but also an alcohol tincture for treating wounds.
2. For those who often suffer from relapses of erysipelas of the leg, treatment can be carried out with cottage cheese. It is applied in a thin layer to the affected area and removed immediately when it dries. Such procedures will allow you to avoid visible marks on the skin after recovery, improve skin regeneration, and enhance metabolic processes in cells. Homemade cottage cheese contains a large amount nutrients, therefore saturates the skin and body with vitamins and microelements.
3. Black root compresses. This plant is sold in dry form in all pharmacies. Before preparing the compress, you need to thoroughly grind the root until smooth and mix with water. The prepared pulp is applied to gauze and applied to damaged areas of the skin. This compress helps reduce body temperature in areas of inflammation, relieves swelling and pain.
4. To reduce inflammation and pain in erysipelas, you can use chamomile and yarrow ointment. To prepare it, take the juice of these herbs (1 teaspoon) and 4 teaspoons butter. When the ointment is ready, it is applied in a thin layer to the affected area until completely absorbed.

Remember! Ointment made from chamomile and yarrow helps to avoid frequent relapses and speeds up recovery.

1. Celery helps well with diseases. It is passed through a meat grinder until a homogeneous paste is formed. It is laid out on a cotton napkin and attached to the leg. Cabbage has the same effect.. Keep the compress on the affected leg for no more than 30 minutes.

1. Bean powder can be used as an aid for redness and pain relief. Using food processors or coffee grinders, the bean grains are crushed and the resulting powder is sprinkled on the leg. You need to keep this powder for no more than 30 minutes.
2. Many people believe that erysipelas can be cured with chalk and red cloth. It is the last attribute that is required. A layer of crushed chalk is applied to a red cloth and fixed on the affected area overnight. By the morning, redness and swelling on the leg will decrease, and the temperature of the limb will decrease.

What are the consequences of ignoring the disease?

Medical practice has proven that ignoring proper medical care can lead to serious complications. Among the common complications, doctors identify the following:

• kidney diseases;
• pathology of the cardiovascular system.

Among the locals:

• formation of ulcers;
• necrotic processes in affected areas;
• abscesses;
• thrombophlebitis;
• sepsis;
• elephantiasis of the affected limb.

Remember! Any of the listed diseases can pose a serious threat to health and lead to disability.

Prevention of erysipelas on the leg

Taking care of your health and the condition of your skin is the responsibility of every person!

Preventing the development of erysipelas is possible if inflammatory processes are treated in a timely manner and factors that will contribute to the onset of the disease are eliminated. It is extremely important to carry out timely therapy diabetes mellitus, disorders of the vascular system in the lower extremities, fungal infections of the foot.

Unfortunately, erysipelas is characterized by frequent relapses. If the disease appears more often than 2 times a year, then doctors already talk about the presence of a chronic form. To avoid frequent relapses, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. Avoid hypothermia and sudden changes in temperature in the room or at work.
2. Respond in a timely manner to the onset of the inflammatory process.

Remember! By starting treatment for skin inflammation, you can block the spread of the disease at the initial stage!

1. At the slightest suspicion of a fungal infection of the foot, immediately contact a dermatologist to select the necessary medication.
2. Wash your feet, body, and maintain personal hygiene every day.
3. Constantly strengthen the immune system, play sports, walk in the fresh air.
4. Follow the individual treatment and recovery plan recommended by your doctor.
5. Use long-acting drugs that prevent the activation and proliferation of streptococcus in the body. Taking such medications is possible only as prescribed by a doctor. The course can vary from several months to a year.

Erysipelas of the leg is a fairly common disease that has bright and unpleasant symptoms. To avoid the development of the disease, you need to systematically monitor your health, exercise, eat right and not self-medicate. Consulting a doctor will always help to avoid the development of serious complications and health problems.