Card index of didactic games for the middle group. Didactic game for preschool children

Salybaeva Angela Ramazanovna,

teacher,

MBDOU TsRR d/s "Tanyusha"

Surgut district, Fedorovsky village

Leading children's activities preschool age is a play activity. A didactic game is a verbose, complex, pedagogical phenomenon: it is both a gaming method of teaching preschool children, and a form of teaching children, and With independent play activity, and a means of comprehensive education of the child.
Didactic games contribute:
- development of cognitive and mental abilities: obtaining new knowledge, generalizing and consolidating it, expanding their existing ideas about objects and natural phenomena, plants, animals; development of memory, attention, observation; developing the ability to express one’s judgments and draw conclusions.
- development of children's speech: replenishment and activation of vocabulary.
- social and moral development of a preschool child: in such a game, knowledge of the relationships between children, adults, objects of living and inanimate nature occurs, in it the child shows a sensitive attitude towards peers, learns to be fair, to give in if necessary, learns to sympathize, etc.
The structure of the didactic game form basic and additional components. TO main components include: didactic task, game actions, game rules, result and didactic material. TO additional components: plot and role.
Conducting didactic games includes: 1. Familiarize children with the content of the game, use didactic material in it (showing objects, pictures, a short conversation, during which the children’s knowledge and ideas are clarified). 2.Explanation of the course and rules of the game, while strictly following these rules. 3. Showing game actions. 4. Defining the role of an adult in the game, his participation as a player, fan or referee (the teacher directs the actions of the players with advice, questions, reminders). 5. Summing up the game is a crucial moment in its management. Based on the results of the game, one can judge its effectiveness, whether it will be used by children in independent play activity. Analysis of the game allows us to identify individual abilities in the behavior and character of children. This means properly organizing individual work with them.

Learning in the form of a didactic game is based on the child’s desire to enter an imaginary situation and act according to its laws, that is, it responds age characteristics preschooler.

Types of didactic games:

1. Games with objects (toys).

2. Printed board games.

3.Word games.

Didactic games – differ in educational content, cognitive activity children, game actions and rules, organization and relationships of children, the role of the teacher.

Games with objects - are based on the direct perception of children, correspond to the child’s desire to act with objects and thus get acquainted with them. IN In games with objects, children learn to compare, establish similarities and differences between objects. The value of these games is that with their help children become familiar with the properties of objects, size, and color. When introducing children to nature in such games, I use natural materials (plant seeds, leaves, pebbles, various flowers, pine cones, twigs, vegetables, fruits, etc. - which arouses keen interest and an active desire in children to play. Examples of such games: “Don’t make a mistake”, “Describe this object”, “What is it?”, “What comes first, what comes next”, etc.
Board - printed games -This An interesting activity for children to get acquainted with the surrounding world, the world of animals and plants, phenomena of living and inanimate nature. They are varied in type: “lotto”, “dominoes”, paired pictures.” With the help of board and printed games, you can successfully develop speech skills, mathematical abilities, logic, attention, learn to model life patterns and make decisions, and develop self-control skills.

Word games - This effective method nurturing independent thinking and speech development in children. They built on the words and actions of the players, children independently solve various mental problems: they describe objects, highlighting their characteristic features, guess them from the description, find similarities and differences between these objects and natural phenomena.

IN In the process of games, children clarify, consolidate, and expand their ideas about natural objects and its seasonal changes.

Didactic games - travel - are one of the effective ways to enhance the cognitive activity of children.

Didactic game in experimental activities - contributes to the formation in children cognitive interest to the environment, develops basic mental processes, observation, thinking.

The joint activities of parents and teachers - individual counseling of parents, information stands, moving folders, thematic exhibitions with the proposed material - gives a more effective result in working with children.
To develop children’s knowledge about the world around them, systematize them, and cultivate a humane attitude towards nature, I use the following didactic games:

Material used:

Games with objects
"What it is?"
Goal: to clarify children’s ideas about inanimate objects.
Material: natural - sand, stones, earth, water, snow.
Progress of the game. Children are offered pictures and, depending on what is drawn on it, they need to arrange the natural material accordingly and answer what is it? And what is it? (Big, heavy, light, small, dry, wet, loose). What can you do with it?
“Who eats what?”
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about animal food.
Progress of the game. Children take out from the bag: carrots, cabbage, raspberries, cones, grain, oats, etc. They name it and remember what animal eats this food.
"Children on a Branch"
Target . To consolidate children's knowledge about the leaves and fruits of trees and shrubs, to teach them to select them according to their belonging to the same plant.
Progress of the game. Children look at the leaves of trees and shrubs and name them. At the teacher’s suggestion: “Children, find your branches” - the children select the corresponding fruit for each leaf. This game can be played with dried leaves and fruits throughout the year. The children themselves can prepare the material for the game.
“Find what I’ll show you”
Didactic task. Find an item by similarity.
Equipment. Place identical sets of vegetables and fruits on two trays. Cover one (for the teacher) with a napkin.
Progress of the game. The teacher briefly shows one of the objects hidden under the napkin and removes it again, then asks the children: “Find the same one on another tray and remember what it’s called.” Children take turns completing the task until all the fruits and vegetables hidden under the napkin are named.
“What first - what then?”
Target. To consolidate children's knowledge about the development and growth of animals.
Progress of the game. Children are presented with objects: an egg, a chicken, a model of a chicken; kitten, cat; puppy, dog. Children need to place these items in the correct order.
Printed board games
"It is when?"
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena in nature.
Progress of the game. Each of the children has object pictures depicting snowfall, rain, sunny day, cloudy weather, hail is falling, the wind is blowing, icicles are hanging, etc. And story pictures with images of different seasons. Children need to correctly arrange the pictures they have.
"Magic Train"
Target. To consolidate and systematize children’s ideas about trees and shrubs.
Material. Two trains cut out of cardboard (each train has 4 cars with 5 windows); two sets of cards with pictures of plants.
Progress of the game: On the table in front of the children there is a “train” and cards with pictures of animals. Educator. In front of you is a train and passengers. They need to be placed in the carriages (in the first - bushes, in the second - flowers, etc.) so that one passenger is visible in each window. The first one to place the animals correctly in the carriages will be the winner.
Similarly, this game can be played to consolidate ideas about various groups of plants (forests, gardens, meadows, vegetable gardens).
"Four Pictures"
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about the surrounding nature, develop attention and observation.
Progress of the game. The game consists of 24 pictures depicting birds, butterflies, and animals. The presenter shuffles the cards and distributes them equally to the game participants (from 3 to 6 people). Each player must pick up 4 cards that are identical in content. The player who begins the game, having examined his cards, passes one of them to the person sitting on the left. If he needs a card, he keeps it for himself, and any unnecessary one also passes on to the neighbor on the left, etc. Having picked up the cards, each player places them face down in front of them. When all possible sets have been selected, the game ends. Participants in the game turn over the collected cards and lay them out four at a time so that everyone can see them. The one with the most correctly selected cards wins.
Word games
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify and deepen children's knowledge about the seasons.
Progress of the game.
The teacher reads alternately short texts in poetry or prose about the seasons, and the children guess.
“Find something to tell me about”
Didactic task. Find objects using the listed characteristics.
Equipment. Vegetables and fruits are laid out along the edge of the table so that they are clearly visible to all children features items.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes in detail one of the objects lying on the table, that is, names the shape of vegetables and fruits, their color and taste. Then the teacher asks one of the children: “Show it on the table, and then name what I told you about.” If the child has completed the task, the teacher describes another object, and another child completes the task. The game continues until all children guess the item from the description.

“Guess who it is?”
Target. Strengthen children's understanding of the characteristic features of wild and domestic animals.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes the animal (its appearance, habits, habitat...) children must guess who they are talking about.
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena.
Progress of the game. Children are offered leaves of different plants with different colors, cones, or a herbarium of flowering plants and so on. depending on the time of year. Children need to name the time of year when there are such leaves, branches, flowers.
Outdoor games
“What do we take in the basket?”
Goal: to consolidate in children the knowledge of what crops are harvested in the field, in the garden, in the garden, in the forest.
Learn to distinguish fruits based on where they are grown.
To form an idea of the role of people in conservation of nature.
Materials: Medallions with images of vegetables, fruits, cereals, melons, mushrooms, berries, as well as baskets.
Progress of the game. Some children have medallions depicting various gifts of nature. Others have medallions in the form of baskets.
Children - fruits, disperse around the room to cheerful music, with movements and facial expressions they depict a clumsy watermelon, tender strawberries, a mushroom hiding in the grass, etc.
Children - baskets must pick up fruits in both hands. Prerequisite: Each child must bring fruits that grow in one place (vegetables from the garden, etc.). The one who fulfills this condition wins.
Tops - roots
Did. task: teach children to make a whole from parts.
Materials: two hoops, pictures of vegetables.
Game progress: option 1. Take two hoops: red, blue. Place them so that the hoops intersect. You need to put vegetables in the red hoop, the roots of which are used for food, and in the hoop of blue color– those that use tops.
The child comes to the table, chooses a vegetable, shows it to the children and puts it in the right circle, explaining why he put the vegetable there. (in the area where the hoops intersect there should be vegetables whose tops and roots are used: onions, parsley, etc.
Option 2. On the table are the tops and roots of plants - vegetables. Children are divided into two groups: tops and roots. Children of the first group take the tops, the second - the roots. At the signal, everyone runs in all directions. On the signal “One, two, three – find your pair!”, you need
Ball game "Air, earth, water"
Did. task: to consolidate children's knowledge about natural objects. Develop auditory attention, thinking, and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: Option 1. The teacher throws the ball to the child and names an object of nature, for example, “magpie.” The child must answer “air” and throw the ball back. To the word “dolphin” the child responds “water”, to the word “wolf” - “earth”, etc.
Option2. The teacher calls the word “air”; the child who catches the ball must name the bird. For the word “earth” - an animal that lives on the earth; for the word “water” - the inhabitant of rivers, seas, lakes and oceans.
Nature and man.
Did. task: to consolidate and systematize children’s knowledge about what is created by man and what nature gives to man.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, during which he clarifies their knowledge that the objects around us are either made by human hands or exist in nature, and people use them; for example, forests, coal, oil, gas exist in nature, but houses and factories are created by humans.
"What is made by man"? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
“What is created by nature”? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
Children catch the ball and answer the question. Those who cannot remember miss their turn.
Choose what you need.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about nature. Develop thinking and cognitive activity.
Materials: subject pictures.
Progress of the game: object pictures are scattered on the table. The teacher names some property or sign, and the children must choose as many objects as possible that have this property.
For example: “green” - these can be pictures of a leaf, cucumber, cabbage, grasshopper. Or: “wet” - water, dew, cloud, fog, frost, etc.
Where are the snowflakes?
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the various states of water. Develop memory and cognitive activity.
Materials: cards depicting different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
Game progress: option 1 . Children dance in a circle around cards laid out in a circle. The cards depict different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
While moving in a circle, the following words are said:
So summer has come. The sun shone brighter.
It's getting hotter, where should we look for a snowflake?
With the last word everyone stops. Those in front of whom the required pictures are located must raise them and explain their choice. The movement continues with the words:
Finally, winter has come: Cold, blizzard, cold.
Go out for a walk. Where should we look for a snowflake?
The desired pictures are selected again and the choice is explained.
Option 2 . There are 4 hoops depicting the four seasons. Children must distribute their cards to the hoops, explaining their choice. Some cards may correspond to several seasons.
The conclusion is drawn from the answers to the questions:
- At what time of year can water in nature be in a solid state? (Winter, early spring, late fall).
The birds have arrived.
Did. task: to clarify the idea of birds.
Progress of the game: the teacher names only the birds, but if he suddenly makes a mistake, then the children must stomp or clap. For example. Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, flies and swifts.
Children stomp – What’s wrong? (flies)
- Who are these flies? (insects)
- Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, storks, crows, jackdaws, macaroni.
The children are stomping. - birds arrived: pigeons, martens...
The children are stomping. Game continues.
Birds have arrived: Tit pigeons,
Jackdaws and swifts, Lapwings, swifts,
Storks, cuckoos, even scops owls,
Swans, starlings. Well done to all of you.
Result: the teacher, together with the children, identifies migratory and wintering birds.
When does this happen?
Did. task: to teach children to distinguish the signs of the seasons. With the help of poetic words, show the beauty of different seasons, the diversity of seasonal phenomena and people's activities.
Materials: for each child, pictures with landscapes of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Progress of the game: the teacher reads a poem, and the children show a picture depicting the season mentioned in the poem.
Spring. In the clearing, blades of grass appear near the path.
A stream runs from a hillock, and there is snow under the tree.
Summer. And light and wide
Our quiet river. Let's run to swim and splash with the fish...
Autumn. The grass in the meadows withers and turns yellow,
The winter crops are just turning green in the fields. A cloud covers the sky, the sun does not shine,
The wind is howling in the field, the rain is drizzling.
Winter. Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets, Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black, And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.
Did. task: to clarify children’s knowledge about the flowering time of individual plants (for example, daffodil, tulip - in spring); golden ball, asters - in autumn, etc.; teach them to classify on this basis, develop their memory and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: children stand in a circle. The teacher or child throws the ball, naming the time of year when the plant grows: spring, summer, autumn. The child names the plant.
What is made of what?
Did. task: to teach children to identify the material from which an object is made.
Materials: wooden cube, aluminum bowl, glass jar, metal bell, key, etc.
Progress of the game: children take different objects out of the bag and name them, indicating what each object is made of.
Guess what.
Did. task: to develop children’s ability to solve riddles, to correlate a verbal image with the image in the picture; clarify children's knowledge about berries.
Materials: pictures for each child with images of berries. Book of riddles.

Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle, the children look for and pick up the answer picture.
Edible - inedible.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about edible and inedible mushrooms.
Materials: basket, object pictures with images of edible and inedible mushrooms.
Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle about mushrooms, the children find and put down a picture of the answer. edible mushroom into baskets.
Place the planets correctly.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the main planets.
Materials: belt with sewn rays - ribbons of different lengths (9 pieces). Caps with images of planets.
It's so hot on this planet
That it’s dangerous to be there, friends.

What is our hottest planet, and where is it located? (Mercury because it is closest to the sun).
And this planet was shackled by a terrible cold,
The sun's rays did not reach her with warmth.
-What kind of planet is this? (Pluto because it is farthest from the sun and the smallest of all the planets).
A child in a Pluto cap takes hold of the longest ribbon No. 9.
And this planet is dear to us all.
The planet gave us life... (all: Earth)
-In what orbit does planet Earth rotate? Where is our planet from the sun? (On the 3rd).
A child in an “Earth” cap takes hold of ribbon No. 3.
Two planets are close to planet Earth.
My friend, name them quickly. (Venus and Mars).
Children wearing “Venus” and “Mars” hats occupy the 2nd and 4th orbits, respectively.
And this planet is proud of itself
Because it is considered the largest.
-What kind of planet is this? What orbit is it in? (Jupiter, orbit No. 5).
The child in the Jupiter cap takes place No. 5.
The planet is surrounded by rings
And this made her different from everyone else. (Saturn)
Child - Saturn occupies orbit No. 6.
What kind of green planets are they? (Uranus)
A child wearing a matching Neptune cap occupies orbit #8.
All the children took their places and began to revolve around the “Sun”.
The round dance of the planets is spinning. Each has its own size and color.
For each, the path is defined. But only on Earth is the world inhabited by life.
Useful - not useful.
Did. task: to consolidate concepts useful and harmful products.
Materials: cards with images of products.
How to play: Place what is useful on one table, and what is not useful on the other.
Healthy: rolled oats, kefir, onions, carrots, apples, cabbage, sunflower oil, pears, etc.
Unhealthy: chips, fatty meats, chocolate candies, cakes, Fanta, etc.

Used Books:

A.I. Sorokina “Didactic game in kindergarten”.

A.K. Bondarenko "Didactic games in kindergarten."

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Games for Health Day

Didactic game “Name the objects”

Goal: to consolidate knowledge about the subjects necessary for the work of a doctor. Enter in active dictionary words from medical terminology.

Guys, look at these objects and tell me what they are called. (Thermometer, syringe, cotton wool, bandage, phonendoscope, tablets, heating pad, brilliant green, tweezers, massager).
Do you know what profession a person needs these items? To the doctor. What does a doctor do? He treats, monitors our health, gives vaccinations, massages, weighs, etc.)

Didactic game “Tell me what these objects do”

Goal: To activate verbs and the use of nouns with them in children’s speech.

Tell me, how does the doctor use these items?
What does a doctor do with a syringe? Gives injections.
What does a doctor do with a thermometer? Measures temperature.
What does a doctor do with cotton wool? Lubricates the skin before injection.
What does a doctor do with brilliant green? Lubricates the scratch.
What does a doctor do with a bandage? Bandages the wound.
What does a doctor do as a massager? Gives a massage.
What does a doctor do with a phonendoscope? Listens to breathing and heartbeat.
What does a doctor do with a heating pad? Warms up the sore spot.
What does a doctor do with tweezers? He takes out the splinters.
What does a doctor do with a band-aid? Seals calluses.

Didactic game "Find the differences"

Goal: to develop voluntary attention, observation, to consolidate the ability to distinguish and name colors.

Take a look at this picture. Who is depicted on it? Doctor. Why do you think doctors wear scrubs? white? If the robe gets dirty, it will be immediately noticeable on the white, and the robe will be washed. Who is in this picture? Also a doctor. Are these pictures the same? These pictures are very similar, but still not the same. Your task is to find the differences.

Didactic game “Which doctor should we go to?”

Purpose: To train children in understanding pictograms, distinguishing facial expressions and comparing them with feelings and emotions. Learn to speak in complex sentences.

Guys, look at these faces. (Show pictograms). Which of these doctors would you go to? Why? (Kind, affectionate, cheerful, attentive, caring). How do you greet and introduce yourself to the doctor? Hello, my name is ..., and what worries me is ...

Didactic game “Vitamins are pills that grow on a branch”

Goal: Expand children's knowledge about vitamins, consolidate knowledge about vegetables, fruits and berries.

Guys, you can help maintain health and get sick with the help of vitamins. Have any of you taken vitamins? Vitamins make our body strong and healthy, resistant to disease. But vitamins come not only in tablets, they also grow on branches. A lot of vitamins are found in berries, fruits and vegetables.
Name what fruits do you know? Vegetables? Berries?

Didactic game “Find out the taste”

Goal: to develop a taste analyzer, consolidate knowledge about fruits, vegetables, berries.
(Children are asked to close their eyes, taste and name what they ate).

Didactic game “Recognize by smell”

Goal: to develop children's sense of smell. Introduce aromatherapy.

Some plants help a person not only when he ingests them. There are plants that even help with their scent. We made garlic pendants (chopped garlic in a plastic Kinder Surprise egg with holes, on a ribbon). The smell of garlic protects against flu and colds.
Here's mint. Its smell restores strength and helps to cope with cough.
And this is lavender. Its smell helps you sleep.
This is the peel of your favorite fruit. Which one? Orange. Its smell lifts your mood and improves your appetite.
What plant are these needles? Pines. Its smell is soothing and helps relieve coughs.
This indoor plant you are familiar. What is it called? The smell of geranium eliminates anxiety, increases efficiency and attention.
(Children are asked to identify some plants by smell).

Didactic game “Fill the jar with vitamins”

Goal: to develop fine motor skills of the hands, to learn to place the image evenly over the entire surface.

Children are invited to draw “vitamins” - circles using a stencil ruler. You can stick plasticine onto cardboard cut out in the shape of a jar, and fill it with peas – “vitamins” – by pressing on top.

Didactic game “Doing exercises”

Goal: to teach children to use a drawing diagram.

We will all say no to a cold.
Charging and I are friends.
We will do exercises
We are not afraid of diseases.
Guys, we will do exercises according to these drawings and diagrams.
(In accordance with the diagram shown, children perform the exercise).

About everything in the world:

In 1930, the film “The Rogue Song,” about the kidnapping of a girl in the Caucasus Mountains, was released in America. Actors Stan Laurel, Lawrence Tibbett and Oliver Hardy played local crooks in this film. Surprisingly, these actors are very similar to the characters...

Section materials

Card index

didactic games

For middle group

Didactic game “Find the mistake”

Goals: develop auditory attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher shows a toy and names a deliberately incorrect action that this animal allegedly performs. Children must answer whether this is correct or not, and then list the actions that this animal can actually perform. For example: “The dog is reading. Can a dog read? The children answer: “No.” What can a dog do? Children list. Then other animals are named.

Didactic game “Say the word”

Goals: learn to clearly pronounce polysyllabic words loudly, develop auditory attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher pronounces the phrase, but does not finish the syllable last word. Children must complete this word.

Ra-ra-ra - the game begins...

Ry-ry-ry - the boy has a ball...

Ro-ro-ro - we have a new...

Ru-ru-ru - we continue the game...

Re-re-re - there is a house on the...

Ri-ri-ri - there is snow on the branches...

Ar-ar-ar - our self is boiling....

Ry-ry-ry - there are a lot of children in the city...

Didactic game “It happens or not”

Goals: learn to notice inconsistency in judgments, develop logical thinking.

Progress of the game: The teacher explains the rules of the game:

I will tell a story in which you should notice something that does not happen.

“In the summer, when the sun was shining brightly, the boys and I went for a walk. They made a snowman out of snow and started sledding.” "Spring has come. All the birds flew away to warmer lands. The bear climbed into his den and decided to sleep all spring...”

Didactic game “What time of year?”

Goals: learn to correlate descriptions of nature in poetry or prose with a certain time of year; develop auditory attention and quick thinking.

Progress of the game : Children are sitting on a bench. The teacher asks the question “When does this happen?” and reads a text or riddle about different seasons.

Didactic game “Where can I do what?”

Goals: activation in speech of verbs used in a certain situation.

Progress of the game : The teacher asks questions, the children answer them.

What can you do in the forest? (Walk; pick berries, mushrooms; hunts; listen to birds singing; rest).

What can you do on the river? What are they doing in the hospital?

Didactic game “Which, which, which?”

Goals: learn to select definitions that correspond to a given example or phenomenon; activate previously learned words.

Progress of the game : The teacher names a word, and the players take turns calling as many words as possible more signs corresponding to this subject. Squirrel -red, nimble, big, small, beautiful.....

Coat - warm, winter, new, old …..

Mother- kind, affectionate, gentle, beloved, dear...

House- wooden, stone, new, panel...

Goals: learn to complete sentences with a word of the opposite meaning, develop attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher begins a sentence, and the children finish it, only they say words with the opposite meaning.

Sugar is sweet. and pepper -... (bitter).

In summer the leaves are green, and in autumn….(yellow).

The road is wide, and the path... (narrow).

Didactic game “Find out whose sheet it is”

Goals: teach to recognize a plant by its leaf (name a plant by its leaf and find it in nature), develop attention.

Progress of the game : While walking, collect fallen leaves from trees and bushes. Show the children, ask them to find out which tree it is from and find similarities with the unfallen leaves.

Didactic game “Guess what kind of plant”

Goals: learn to describe an object and recognize it by description, develop memory and attention.

Progress of the game: The teacher invites one child to describe the plant or make a riddle about it. The other children must guess what kind of plant it is.

Didactic game “Who am I?”

Goals: learn to name a plant, develop memory and attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher quickly points to the plant. The first person to name the plant and its shape (tree, shrub, herbaceous plant) gets a chip.

Didactic game “Who has who”

Goals: consolidate knowledge about animals, develop attention and memory.

Progress of the game: The teacher names the animal, and the children name the baby in the singular and plural. The child who correctly names the cub gets a chip.

Didactic game “Who (what) flies?”

Goals: consolidate knowledge about animals, insects, birds, develop attention and memory.

Progress of the game: Children stand in a circle. The selected child names an object or animal, raises both hands up and says: “Flying.”

When an object that flies is called, all children raise both hands up and say “Flying”; if not, they do not raise their hands. If one of the children makes a mistake, he leaves the game.

Didactic game “What kind of insect?”

Goals: clarify and expand ideas about the life of insects in autumn, learn to describe insects by characteristic features, cultivate a caring attitude towards all living things, develop attention.

Progress of the game: Children are divided into 2 subgroups. One subgroup describes the insect, and the other must guess who it is. You can use riddles. Then another subgroup asks their questions.

Didactic game “Who can name the most actions?”

Goals: learn to select verbs denoting actions, develop memory and attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher asks questions, the children answer with verbs. For each correct answer, children receive a chip.

Didactic game “What happens?”

Goals: learn to classify objects by color, shape, quality, material, compare, contrast, select as many items as possible that fit this definition; develop attention.

Progress of the game: Tell us what happens:

Green - cucumber, crocodile, leaf, apple, dress, Christmas tree ….

Wide - river, road, ribbon, street...

The one who can name the most words wins.

Didactic game “What kind of bird is this?”

Goals: clarify and expand ideas about the life of birds in autumn, learn to describe birds by their characteristic features; develop memory; cultivate a caring attitude towards birds.

Progress of the game : Children are divided into 2 subgroups. Children of one subgroup describe the bird, and the other have to guess what kind of bird it is. You can use riddles. Then another subgroup asks their questions.

Didactic game “Riddle, we will guess”

Goals: consolidate knowledge about garden plants; the ability to name their signs, describe and find them by description, develop attention.

Progress of the game : Children describe any plant in the following order6 shape, color, taste. The driver should recognize the plant from the description.

Didactic game “It happens - it doesn’t happen” (with a ball)

Goals: develop memory, attention, thinking, reaction speed.

Progress of the game : The teacher says phrases and throws the ball, and the children must answer quickly.

Snow in winter... (happens)

Frost in summer... (does not happen)

drops in summer... (does not happen)

Didactic game “The third wheel” (plants)

Goals: consolidate children's knowledge about the diversity of plants, develop memory and reaction speed.

Progress of the game : The teacher names 3 plants (trees and shrubs), one of which is “superfluous”. For example, maple, linden, lilac. Children must determine which one is the “extra” one and clap their hands.

(Maple, linden - trees, lilac - shrubs)

Didactic game “Did you know...”

Goals: enrich children's vocabulary with animal names, consolidate knowledge of models, develop memory and attention.

Progress of the game : You need to prepare the chips in advance. The teacher places images of animals in the first row, birds in the second, fish in the third, and insects in the fourth. The players take turns calling first the animals, then the birds, etc. And if the answer is correct, they place the chip in a row. The one who places the most chips wins.

Didactic game “When does this happen?”

Goals: consolidate children's knowledge about the parts of the day, develop speech and memory.

Progress of the game : The teacher lays out pictures depicting the life of children in kindergarten: morning exercises, breakfast, classes, etc. Children choose any picture for themselves and look at it. When they hear the word “morning,” all children pick up a picture associated with morning and explain their choice. Then day, evening, night. For each correct answer, children receive a chip.

Didactic game “And then what?”

Goals: consolidate children’s knowledge about the parts of the day, about children’s activities in different time days; develop speech and memory.

Progress of the game : Children sit in a semicircle. The teacher explains the rules of the game:

You can introduce a game moment: the teacher sings the song “I have a pebble. Who should I give it to? Who should I give it to? He will answer."

The teacher begins: “We came to kindergarten. We played in the area. And what happened then? Passes the pebble to one of the players. He answers: “We did gymnastics” - “And then?” Passes the pebble to another child.

The game continues until the children say the last thing - going home.

Note . It is advisable to use a pebble or other object, since it is not the one who wants it that answers, but the one who gets it. This forces all children to be attentive and ready to respond.

Didactic game “When do you do this?”

Target: consolidate cultural and hygienic skills and knowledge of the parts of the day, develop attention, memory, speech.

Progress of the game: The teacher names one child. Then he depicts some action, for example, washing his hands, brushing his teeth, cleaning his shoes, combing his hair, etc., and asks: “When do you do this?” If the child answers that he brushes his teeth in the morning, the children correct: “In the morning and in the evening.” One of the children can act as the leader.

Didactic game “Highlight the word”

Goals: teach children to clearly pronounce polysyllabic words loudly, develop auditory attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher pronounces the words and invites the children to clap their hands when they hear words that contain the sound “z” (mosquito song).(Bunny, mouse, cat, castle, goat, car, book, bell )

The teacher should pronounce the words slowly and pause after each word so that the children can think.

Didactic game “Tree, bush, flower”

Goals: consolidate knowledge of plants, broaden children's horizons, develop speech and memory.

Progress of the game : The presenter says the words “Tree, bush, flower...” and walks around the children. Stopping, he points to the child and counts to three; the child must quickly name what the leader stopped at. If the child does not have time or names incorrectly, he is eliminated from the game. The game continues until one player remains.

Didactic game “Where does it grow?”

Goals: teach to understand the processes occurring in nature; give an idea of the purpose of plants; show the dependence of all life on earth on the state of the vegetation cover; develop speech.

Progress of the game : The teacher names different plants and shrubs, and the children choose only those that grow with us. If children grow up, they clap their hands or jump in one place (you can choose any movement), if not, they are silent.

Apple, pear, raspberry, mimosa, spruce, saxaul, sea buckthorn, birch, cherry, sweet cherry, lemon, orange, linden, maple, baobab, tangerine.

If the children did it successfully, they can list the trees faster:

plum, aspen, chestnut, coffee. Rowan, plane tree. Oak, cypress. Cherry plum, poplar, pine.

At the end of the game, the results are summed up as to who knows the most trees.

Didactic game “Who will be who (what)?”

Target: develop speech activity and thinking.

Progress of the game : Children answer the adult’s question: “Who will be (or what will be) ... an egg, a chicken, a boy, an acorn, a seed, an egg, a caterpillar, flour, iron, brick, fabric, etc.?” If the children come up with several options, for example, from an egg - a chicken, a duckling, a chick, a crocodile. Then they receive additional forfeits.

Or the teacher asks: “What was the chick (egg), bread (flour), car (metal) before?”

Didactic game “Summer or Autumn”

Target: consolidate knowledge of the signs of autumn, differentiating them from the signs of summer; develop memory, speech; nurturing dexterity.

Progress of the game :

The teacher and children stand in a circle.

Educator . If the leaves turn yellow, this is... (and throws the ball to one of the children. The child catches the ball and says, throwing it back to the teacher: “Autumn”).

Educator. If the birds fly away - this is ..... Etc.

Didactic game “Be careful”

Target: differentiation of winter and summer clothing; develop auditory attention, speech hearing; increasing vocabulary.

Listen carefully to the verses about clothing, so that you can then list all the names that appear in these verses. Call it summer first. And then winter.

. Didactic game “Take - don’t take”

Target: differentiation of forest and garden berries; increasing vocabulary on the topic “Berries”; develop auditory attention.

Progress of the game : Children stand in a circle. The teacher explains that he will pronounce the names of forest and garden berries. If children hear the name of a wild berry, they should sit down, and if they hear the name of a garden berry, they should stretch, raising their arms up.

Strawberries, blackberries, gooseberries, cranberries, red currants, strawberries, black currants, lingonberries, raspberries.

Didactic game “What do they plant in the garden?”

Target: learn to classify objects according to certain characteristics (by their place of growth, by their use); develop quick thinking,
auditory attention.

Progress of the game : Children, do you know what they plant in the garden? Let's play this game: I will name different objects, and you listen carefully. If I name something that is planted in the garden, you will answer “Yes,” but if something that does not grow in the garden, you will say “No.” Whoever makes a mistake leaves the game.

Didactic game “Who will collect it most quickly?”

Target: teach children to group vegetables and fruits; cultivate quick reaction to the teacher’s words, endurance and discipline.

Progress of the game : Children are divided into two teams: “Gardeners” and “Gardeners”. On the ground there are models of vegetables and fruits and two baskets. At the command of the teacher, the teams begin to collect vegetables and fruits, each in their own basket. Whoever collects first raises the basket up and is considered the winner.

Didactic game “Who needs what?”

Target: exercise in the classification of objects, the ability to name things, necessary for people a certain profession; develop attention.

Educator: - Let's remember what people of different professions need to work. I will name his profession, and you will tell him what he needs for work.

The teacher names a profession, the children say what is needed for work. And then in the second part of the game, the teacher names the object, and the children say for what profession it might be useful.

Didactic game “Make no mistake”

Target: consolidate children's knowledge about different types sports, develop resourcefulness, intelligence, attention; cultivate a desire to play sports.

Progress of the game : The teacher lays out cut pictures depicting various sports: football, hockey, volleyball, gymnastics, rowing. There is an athlete in the middle of the picture; you need to select everything he needs for the game.

Using this principle, you can make a game in which children will select tools for various professions. For example, a builder: he needs tools - a shovel, trowel, paint brush, bucket; machines that make the builder's work easier - crane, excavator, dump truck, etc. In the pictures are people of those professions that children are introduced to throughout the year: cook, janitor, postman, salesman, doctor, teacher, tractor driver, mechanic, etc. Images of the objects of their labor are selected for them. The correctness of execution is controlled by the picture itself: from small pictures it should turn into a large, whole one.

Didactic game “Guess it!”

Target: learn to describe an object without looking at it, identify essential features in it, recognize an object by description; develop memory, speech.

Progress of the game : At the teacher’s signal, the child who received the chip stands up and makes a description of any object from memory, and then passes the chip to the person who will guess. Having guessed, the child describes his item, passes the chip to the next one, etc.

Didactic game “Finish the sentence”

Target:

Progress of the game

Sugar is sweet and pepper is….(bitter)

(yellow )

narrow )

The ice is thin, and the trunk is... (thick )

Didactic game “Where is what?”

Target: learn to identify words with a given sound from a group of words, from a speech stream; consolidate the correct pronunciation of certain sounds in words; develop attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher names the object and invites the children to answer where they can put it. For example:

- “Mom brought bread and put it in...(breadbox ).

Masha poured sugar... Where? (To the sugar bowl )

Vova washed his hands and put the soap...Where? (On a soapbox )

Didactic game “Catch up with your shadow”

Target: introduce the concept of light and shadow; develop speech.

Progress of the game : Educator: Who will guess the riddle?

I'm going - she's going,

I'm standing - she's standing

If I run, she runs.Shadow

IN sunny day, if you stand with your face, back or side to the sun, then a dark spot, this is your reflection, it is called a shadow. The sun sends its rays to the earth, they spread in all directions. Standing in the light, you block the way sun rays, they illuminate you, but your shadow falls on the ground. Where else is there shade? What does it look like? Catch up with the shadow. Dance with the shadow.

Didactic game “Finish the sentence”

Target: learn to complete sentences with a word of the opposite meaning; develop memory, speech.

Progress of the game : The teacher begins a sentence, and the children finish it, only they say words that are opposite in meaning.

Sugar is sweet and pepper is….(bitter)

In summer the leaves are green, and in autumn -.....(yellow )

The road is wide and the path is…. (narrow )

The ice is thin, and the trunk is... (thick )

Didactic game “What subject”

Target: teach to classify objects according to a certain criterion (size, color, shape), consolidate children’s knowledge about the size of objects; develop quick thinking.

Progress of the game : Children sit in a circle. The teacher says:

The teacher has a pebble in his hands. He gives it to the child who must answer.

It’s long,” says the teacher and passes the pebble to the neighbor.

A dress, a rope, a day, a fur coat, the children remember.

“Wide,” the teacher suggests the next word.

Children call: road, street, river, ribbon, etc.

The game is also played with the aim of improving children’s ability to classify objects by color and shape. The teacher says:

Children take turns answering: berry, ball, flag, star, car, etc.

Round ( ball, sun, apple, wheel, etc. )

Didactic game “What can animals do?”

Target: learn to create a wide variety of word combinations; expand the semantic content of the word in the mind; develop memory.

Progress of the game : Children turn into “animals”. Everyone must tell what they can do, what they eat, how they move. The one who tells the story correctly receives a picture of an animal.

Didactic game “Come up with another word”

Target: Expand words knowledge; develop attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher says “Come up with another, similar word from one word. You can say: a milk bottle, or you can say a milk bottle.” Cranberry jelly(cranberry jelly) ; vegetable soup ( vegetable soup ); mashed potatoes (mashed potatoes ).

Didactic game “Choose similar words”

Target: teach children to clearly pronounce polysyllabic words loudly; develop memory and attention.

Progress of the game : The teacher pronounces words that sound similar: spoon - cat, ears - guns. Then he pronounces one word and invites the children to choose others that sound similar to it: spoon (cat, leg, window ), a gun ( fly, drying, cuckoo ), bunny ( boy, finger ) etc.

Didactic game “Who will remember more?”

Target: enrich children's vocabulary with verbs denoting the actions of objects; develop memory, speech.

Progress of the game : Carlson asks to look at the pictures and tell them what they do, what else they can do.

Blizzard - sweeps, storms, storms.

Rain - pours, drizzles, drips, drips, begins, gushes, …

Crow- flies, croaks, sits, eats, sits down, drinks, howls, etc.

Didactic game “What else do they talk about?”

Target: consolidate and clarify the meaning of polysemantic words; cultivate a sensitive attitude to the compatibility of words in meaning, develop speech.

Progress of the game : Tell Carlson what else you can say this about:

It's raining: it's raining -snow, winter, boy, dog, smoke.

Playing - girl, radio , …

Bitter - pepper, medicine , .. etc.

Didactic game “Invent it yourself”

Target: teach to see in various objects possible substitutes for other objects suitable for a particular game; develop the ability to use the same object as a substitute for other objects and vice versa; develop speech and imagination.

Progress of the game : The teacher invites each child to choose one object (a cube, a cone, a leaf, a pebble, a strip of paper, a lid) and to fantasize: “How can you play with these objects?” Each child names the object, what it looks like and how you can play with it.

Didactic game “Who hears what?”

Target: teach children to designate and call sounds (ringing, rustling, playing, crackling, etc.); cultivate auditory attention; develop intelligence and endurance.

Progress of the game : On the teacher’s table there are various objects that, when acted upon, produce a sound: a bell rings; the rustle of a book being leafed through; the pipe plays, the piano sounds, the gusli, etc., i.e. Everything that sounds in the group can be used in the game.

One child is invited behind the screen to play there, for example, on the pipe. Children, having heard the sound, guess, and the one who played comes out from behind the screen with a pipe in his hands. The guys are convinced that they were not mistaken. Another child chosen by the first participant in the game will play with another instrument. For example, he is leafing through a book. Children guess. If you find it difficult to answer immediately, the teacher asks you to repeat the action and listen to everyone playing more carefully. “He’s leafing through a book, the leaves are rustling,” the children guess. The player comes out from behind the screen and shows how he acted.

This game can also be played while walking. The teacher draws the children’s attention to sounds: the tractor is working, birds are singing, a car is honking, leaves are rustling, etc.

The originality of a didactic game, according to A.I. Sorokina, lies in the combination of cognitive content, learning elements and play activities that delight children. The educational value of a didactic game lies in the fact that it is included in the teacher’s repertoire of pedagogical tools, is gradually absorbed by children and becomes the content of their independent activity. Of course, in the first younger group Children are not yet old enough to invent educational games on their own, but they can successfully use games created by teachers and older children, gradually mastering the world around them.

Of great importance in the didactic play of children aged 2–3 years is the autodidactic, that is, self-learning principle: they select parts and put together objects as a whole (pyramid, matryoshka); the arrangement of such objects directs children’s thoughts to achieve required result. Playing with plot educational toys(for example, with nesting dolls), children endow them with human qualities, take care of them, and put them to bed. Thus, an object (toy) can perform a broad didactic function.

Didactic games specially organized by the teacher fit well into the lesson schedule. This manual presents scenarios for didactic games that can be used in classes in different areas of knowledge and in various types children's activities. Each area and each activity has its own specifics, a number of features, taking into account which the teacher will be able to most fully reveal the abilities of children, reveal to them ways of working with objects, and give an idea of various phenomena.

Physical education, as one of the sides personal development, related to health, physical and state of mind child, therefore, in physical education classes and leisure, didactic games allow one to achieve emotional satisfaction in various types of motor activity and foster the need for physical activity.

Mental education allows the teacher to open the way for the child to understand reality. The didactic game not only consolidates the knowledge acquired by children, but also develops independent thinking, sensory abilities, activates speech development, stimulates the development of curiosity.

Moral education is associated with the child’s mastering the norms of behavior; it promotes familiarization with the moral values of society. In the didactic game, ideas about the relationships between people are formed, the first experience of interaction appears, which orients the child towards an adult, a peer.

Labor education is designed to satisfy the child’s need for self-affirmation and knowledge of his own capabilities. A didactic game allows children to arouse interest and respect for people’s work. A child is always attracted to a play situation that involves work, because through play he strives to become independent from an adult.

Artistic and aesthetic education gives the teacher the opportunity to develop in a child the qualities of a creative personality (aesthetic perception and attitude to life, creative imagination and thinking), the foundations of which are laid in early childhood. Didactic game in creative types activities (design, visual, musical activities, familiarization with fiction), according to T. S. Komarova, easily integrates a variety of content (words, movement, music, images), which helps children emotionally perceive and understand the images included in the game and understand their aesthetic character.

The widespread use of didactic games in the upbringing and teaching of children 2–3 years old contributes to their comprehensive development and makes the activities in which the teacher involves them more attractive.

Didactic game scenarios

Physical education

Game "Cat and mouse"

Didactic task. Teach children to imitate the light running of a mouse; walk with your legs raised high.

Game task. Play cat and mouse.

Game rule. Move in such a way as not to wake (or, if necessary, wake) the cat.

The teacher lets the “mice” children out for a walk while the cat (toy) sleeps. The mice “go out for a walk” (run to the music). The teacher advises the mice to run easily so that the cat does not hear them.

If the cat wakes up (menacing chords sound), then they need to run into the hole (on the chairs).

Here comes a new mouse (toy). The teacher invites the children to show the new mouse how to walk stealthily so as not to wake up the cat. The guys show - they are all sneaking together, walking quietly.

Soon the mice decide to wake up the cat. They walk, raising their legs high and stomping. The cat wakes up and “catches” the mice.

Game "We are soldiers"

Didactic task. Teach children how to walk correctly while maintaining good posture.

Game task. Play soldier.

Game rule. Act on the orders of the commander, do not make mistakes in the direction of movement.

The teacher brings a drum and says that to the sound of the drum there will be a parade, all the soldiers will go to the parade and show how strong and brave they are. The teacher gives a signal (beat) with a drum, a march sounds (audio recording) and the children walk. The parade is hosted by the commander (toy bear). He gives commands ("stop", "marsh") and waves a flag. Children walk towards the commander, then towards the drum at the command of the commander.

The teacher performs the song “We are soldiers” (music by Y. Slonov, lyrics by V. Malkov):

Like our soldiers, we go
And we wave flags and sing.
One two Three! We are going,
One two Three! We sing.

Game "Get the Carrot"

Didactic task. Teach children to jump on two legs: with advancement, in place.

Game task. Give the squirrel a nut.

Game rule. You can “pluck” a nut by touching it.

The teacher brings a squirrel (toy) to the group. The squirrel asks the children to play with her. To cheerful music, children jump like squirrels, trying to jump easily, on their toes.

The teacher invites the children to treat the squirrel with nuts that hang on the branches. Children jump up, trying to pick a nut (jumping up from a place), then they go up to the squirrel and give it imaginary nuts.

Child and the world around

Game "Pick up clothes"

Didactic task. Teach children to distinguish between different materials visually and by touch; select clothes for dolls based on this criterion.

Game task. Choose clothes for the dolls.

Game rule. Choose clothes correctly, do not mix them up.

The teacher brings Varya and Borya dolls to the group. He tells the children: “The Kulas can’t find their clothes. After the walk, Varya and Borya threw their clothes on the sofa and forgot about them.” Asks the children to help the dolls.

The game "Match a Pair" is played. Children must select clothes for each doll and put them in a separate locker (box). Varya has a striped wool cap on her head, Bori has a blue fabric cap. Children select clothes (scarf, coat, trousers, dress, jacket): striped wool for Varya, smooth blue fabric for Bori, and put them in lockers.