Staphylococci are called pathogenic microorganisms that form mainly on the mucous membrane of the nose, nasopharynx and throat. They cause inflammation and purulent diseases that adversely affect the body. With their excessive accumulation, pathologies such as stomatitis, caries, gingivitis, tonsillitis and others are possible. Therefore, with the manifestation of diseases and deterioration of health, it is necessary to consult a medical specialist.
The reasons why epidermal pathogenic staphylococcus appears
Staphylococcus bacterium under the microscope
Currently, there are many types of staphylococcus, some of which are always present in the human body, but do not affect the development of diseases. One of these is considered to be epidermal Staphylococcus aureus, it begins its action when certain factors are exposed to the body. It often affects the skin and mucous membranes. The main reasons for the appearance of a microorganism are the following:
- Violation of the rules of personal hygiene- everyone knows that cleanliness is considered a guarantee of health, because a dirty body and hands carry a large number of pathogenic bacteria and microbes, including staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, after using the toilet, before eating, wash your hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap. You should also monitor the products, it is advisable to pour boiling water over vegetables and fruits.
- Direct infection- occurs through the usual handshake, hugs, as well as when using other people's cosmetic accessories or wearing clothes that are not their own.
- Overuse of antibiotics- adversely affects the state of health, can lead to problems with the digestive system, dysentery. Uncontrolled use of drugs in high doses can contribute to the development staph infection. Therefore, before using the tablets, you need to consult a doctor.
- Decreased immune status of the body- the main factor in the formation of the disease of the throat and nose by Staphylococcus aureus. It can be caused by hypothermia, the presence of concomitant pathology, nervous strain and poisoning.
Is Staphylococcus aureus contagious and transmitted from a carrier?
Staphylococcus is considered the most dangerous causative agent of many diseases and is transmitted by airborne droplets.
Symptoms and signs of Staphylococcus aureus
The most common sites of staphylococcal infection are the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. However, not all people can suspect the pathogen at the initial stage.
The following symptoms help to identify the presence of staphylococcus aureus:
- Constant runny nose.
- Lasts for a long time fever body.
- The occurrence of intoxication.
- Problems with the digestive system.
- The appearance of various disorders of the skin in the form of sores, pimples or ulcers.
- Nasal congestion.
Signs of staphylococcus in the defeat of the nose, throat and nasopharynx are noticeable swelling and redness of the tonsils, an increase in size lymph nodes, as well as pain and the presence of pus.
If the above symptoms are part of life, it is safe to assume the development of staphylococcus aureus in the nose and throat. In this case, you need to contact a medical specialist and undergo an examination.
What is dangerous Staphylococcus aureus?
Staphylococcus aureus is very dangerous, if left untreated, it can lead to the formation of serious diseases like meningitis and blood damage.
Photo gallery:
Staphylococcus in the nose
Staphylococcus in the nose
Staphylococcus in the throat
Staphylococcus in the throat
Staphylococcus in the nose
Staphylococcus in the nose
Staphylococcus in the throat
Staphylococcus in the nose
Diagnosis and norm of analysis from the nose
If a staphylococcal infection is suspected, diagnostic measures should be taken. They are made in special laboratory facilities, the material is taken from the mucous surface of the throat, nose and pharynx.
Bacteriological culture of Staphylococcus aureus
When bacteriological seeding, it is necessary to follow certain recommendations and techniques, everything must be sterile.
How to properly take a swab from the throat and nose for Staphylococcus aureus and decipher the analysis is described in ours.
After sampling, everyone is taken to the laboratory and cultured, the results of which determine the presence of a microbe in the body. If staphylococcus was sown after sowing A, this indicates its presence on the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.
The norm of analysis is 103 CFU / ml in adults and 104 CFU in childhood up to a year. If the indicators are higher than such values, this indicates the defeat of the body by staphylococcus aureus.
If a pathogenic microorganism, staphylococcus, is detected, an additional test for antibiotics is carried out. But basically this group of drugs does not affect it.
How and how to treat staphylococcus aureus?
If the tests confirmed the presence of staphylococcus in the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, treatment should be started immediately. Because untimely assistance can lead to complications in the form of damage to the circulatory, nervous system, the development of pneumonia, meningitis and other dangerous pathologies is possible.
First of all, therapy is aimed at destroying the pathogen through the use of various drugs, as well as traditional medicine.
It is necessary to treat infections of the nose and throat as prescribed by a doctor; it is not advisable to take therapies on your own. Because Staphylococcus aureus tends to spread quickly and does not respond to antibiotics. Conversely, if drugs are used incorrectly, side effects and complications of the disease.
The mucous membrane of the nose and throat under the attack of Staphylococcus aureus
How long is Staphylococcus aureus disease in the nose and throat treated?
Staphylococcal infection of the nose and throat is treatable in various people differently, it is affected by immunity and the severity of the pathology. Basically, the average therapy is 3-4 weeks.
Washing the nose with staphylococcus aureus
An effective method of treatment for a pathogenic pathogen is considered to be washing the nasal passages. To do this, use the following tools:
- Miramistin- a widespread antiseptic, effective against various pathogenic anaerobes and aerobes. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, promotes the destruction of viruses, bacteria and microbes. Used both topically and externally as a nasal rinse.
The medicine is used before the appearance of clear waters, it has some contraindications, so it is advisable to use it after the appointment of a medical specialist. 
Before using the listed funds, it is necessary to consult a doctor, he will tell you the dosage, frequency of use and the possibility of using one or another remedy.
Folk remedies in the fight against staphylococcal infection
In the treatment of staphylococcal infections of the nose and throat, traditional medicine methods are widely used. They also have a beneficial effect on the general well-being of the patient, help reduce inflammation of the mucosa, and suppress the action of the pathogen. Traditional medicine recipes should be used after consultation with a medical specialist to avoid complications and the widespread spread of germs.
The most common are the following folk methods:
Antibiotic therapy for Staphylococcus aureus
The main method of treatment for staphylococcal infections is the use of antibiotics. But due to the increased resistance of microbes to drugs, before their appointment, a test and diagnostics are carried out (a swab from the nose and pharynx).
The most used and common drugs are:
In addition to the listed drugs, medical specialists prescribe complex therapy in the form of:
- Immunomodulators that increase the body's resistance to the pathogen. These include Poludan, Taktivin.
- Antihistamines - they reduce swelling, inflammation. effective medicines Tavegil, Diazolin are considered.
- Vitamins, such drugs increase the immune status and help the body fight pathogenic microbes (Alphabet and others).
In the fight against Staphylococcus aureus, a wide spectrum is used.
Features of treatment during pregnancy
If staphylococci were detected during diagnosis in a pregnant woman, it is necessary to start therapy in a timely manner. It should be gentle, you need to be especially careful when choosing antibiotics and other drugs, as there is a risk of damaging the fetus.
Most expectant mothers are prescribed drugs local application. The causes of infection that affects the mucous membrane of the nose, throat and throat is a weak immune system. Therefore, women are advised to eat right, be more often on fresh air, less nervous and take vitamins.
Use traditional medicine in this case undesirable, as well as self-administering antibiotics. At the first symptoms, it is necessary to visit a doctor who will prescribe a comprehensive and correct treatment.
Staphylococcus aureus in children
The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in childhood is considered quite dangerous, especially if the child is less than a year old. Because at this time, the immune system is not fully formed and the body is very vulnerable to various pathogens and diseases.
If there is a microbe on the mucous membrane of the throat, nose and throat, therapy should be started immediately. Depending on the severity and individual characteristics, treatment lasts up to 3 months or more.
The main methods of treatment for young children is the use of an antiseptic, which is used to wipe the mucous membranes. In addition, antibiotics and other drugs are also prescribed in doses allowed for the baby.
If such methods do not bring the desired result, the child is hospitalized, as dangerous complications up to death.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common microorganisms. More than 30 species are known. It is referred to as a permanently inhabiting (saprophytic) microflora, which, under certain favorable conditions, becomes pathogenic (capable of causing a pathogenic process). Often it is found in perfectly healthy people. Then the question arises - is it worth taking a course of antimicrobial therapy or not taking medical intervention.
Characteristics of staphylococcus
The microorganism belongs to gram-positive bacteria. It has a pigment that colors them in a golden color. In the external environment, it is resistant to the action of the sun, viability is maintained for several hours. It is resistant to drying and freezing (it is stored for more than 6 months), lives in dust particles from 60 to 110 days. Sensitive to 5% phenol solution - dies after half an hour.
Boiling kills instantly, 80°C - in 10-30 minutes, and at a temperature of 65-70°C viability lasts about an hour. It is well neutralized by aniline dyes - the usual brilliant green (brilliant green). Therefore, with cuts, scratches, it is always advised to treat damaged skin.
Out of 100 clinically healthy people, 50 people are permanent or temporary carriers of staphylococcus aureus. More often, children, pregnant and lactating women, as well as the elderly are susceptible to disease-causing effects - all who have a decrease in immune status. Then the development of the disease occurs. The bacterium poses a particular danger to people with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney failure or HIV infection.
Mostly, clinical significance has Staphylococcus aureus. Saprophytic and epidermal are much less likely to cause the development of diseases.
A favorite place for localization of coccal infection is the vestibule of the nasal cavity and the nasal mucosa. An additional habitat is the mucous membrane of the larynx, the skin of the armpits, perineum and scalp.
Bacteriocarrier poses a threat to others, especially if found in medical staff or catering workers. In the latter case, a mass disease of toxicoinfection of many people may occur when a pathogenic microbe is released into the external environment from just one source of the pathogen.
Staphylococcal infections are common in wards intensive care, maternity hospitals and postoperative units. In this case, the main reason is someone from the medical staff. It is very important to start treatment right away.
How can you get infected
Common paths:
- medical institutions;
- beauty parlors for piercings, tattoos.
How it enters the body:
- Aerogenic or airborne - the penetration of bacteria occurs through the respiratory system. It is released into the external environment from the bacillicarrier when sneezing, coughing, talking.
- Alimentary or food - food contaminated with a pathogenic microorganism contributes to infection. A sign of a staph infection is food poisoning.
- Contact - often noted during the transmission of the pathogen from physicians to the patient during medical procedures (lack of sterile gloves, masks). Also, when the wound surface comes into contact with the source of the pathogen.
- Intrauterine.
- During breastfeeding.
- Artifical or artificial - occurs during manipulations with a violation of the integrity of the integument or during a diagnostic study using contaminated instruments.
Staphylococcal bacterium is quite resistant to antiseptics, so conventional treatment with drugs is often insufficient. High-quality sterilization of materials and instruments is necessary.
Signs of staphylococcus in the nose:
Staphylococcus aureus is the culprit of the resulting furunculosis, dermatitis, eczema, pneumonia and meningitis, appendicitis, blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids) and osteomyelitis. Some of the diseases caused by this infection are quite life-threatening.
Sources of infection:
- exogenous (external) - sick people, animals, contaminated environment and objects;
- endogenous - the person himself (an example of autoinfection).
Contribute to the development of staphylococcal infection hypothermia, frequent stress, inadequate sleep (constant fatigue of the body), prolonged use of antibacterial agents without any need - cytostatic agents and hormonal drugs, as well as vasoconstrictor nasal drops, sprays during acute respiratory infections. All this leads to a decrease in general and local cellular immunity.
Treatment
The opportunistic pathogen leads to the development chronic diseases: sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses), rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa), adenoiditis, tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils).
In order to find out if there is an infection on the mucous membranes, it is necessary to make a swab from the nose and conduct a bacteriological culture. At the same time, its sensitivity to different groups of antibiotics is evaluated. Before a laboratory study, one should refrain from using nasal drops to prevent washing off of microflora. The result will be known in 3-5 days and it will become clear how to treat staphylococcus aureus in the nose.
Treatment of infection includes three areas:
- Antimicrobial therapy is the systemic use of antibiotics, which affects the entire body. Often use "Cefatoxin", "Ceftriaxone", "Amoxiclav", "Ofloxacin". Antibiotics of the penicillin series are not used, in view of the developed resistance to them of staphylococcal bacteria.
Important! To prevent the development of drug resistance, medications prescribed by a doctor should be used, strictly adhering to the dosage and regimen of treatment.
- Local use of antibacterial agents -2% nasal (in the nose) ointment "Bactroban" based on mupirocin. The drug is applied in a small amount (from a match head) to the nasal mucosa (anterior sections) of each nasal passage 2 times a day for 5-7 days. The method has passed clinical trials and is recommended for the treatment of staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, there is scientific evidence confirming the disappearance of coccal bacteria not only in the nose, a favorite place for their localization, but also throughout the nasopharynx.
- The last method is rather little used and not entirely safe. It is under study and development. Its essence lies in the artificial introduction into the human body of a “useful” type of coccus, which does not harm and replaces pathological microorganisms.
The use of mupirocin from staphylococcus is effective in case of increased developed sensitivity of the latter to drugs of the oxacillin series and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, levomycetin. According to clinical research after a week's course of treatment after a month, 94% of carriers maintained eradication (complete degree of destruction). Six months later - in 75% and 60% - after 9 months of treatment.
In rare cases, with individual hypersensitivity to many drugs (1 out of 63), an allergic reaction may develop in the form of reddening of the skin of the face, itching.
Intranasal ointment containing chlorhexidine, flucloxacillin, does not have a stable therapeutic effect.
In addition, it is mandatory to apply:
- Immunomodulators and lysates of bacteria ("Cycloferon", "Gepon", "Immunal", "Immunoflazid", "Timalin", "IRS 19", "Broncho-munal", "Imudon", etc.)
- vitamin and mineral preparations;
- antihistamine drugs (antiallergic) - to eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane ("Cetrin", "Tavegil", "Zirtek");
- symptomatic remedies in the elimination of secondary symptoms ("Chlorophyllipt", "Staphylococcal bacteriophage").
In the presence of large pustules of the skin around the nose (in difficult cases) should see a doctor. They may need to be opened in a hospital setting to avoid the spread of infection.
Important! Before starting self-use of antibacterial agents, you should consult with your doctor. Their use is not always necessary.
Dosing regimen
Treatment of staph in the nose rarely requires the use of antibiotics. Enough application local funds. It is not recommended to carry out frequent sanitation of the nasal cavity unnecessarily. Excessive procedures disrupt the balance of beneficial and pathogenic microflora on the surface, which leads to the growth of pathogens.
A re-examination (bacterial culture) takes place 30 days after the course of treatment.
Prevention
Preventive measures are quite simple and include:
- compliance with the rules of personal and general hygiene (cleanliness of the home, cleanliness of hands, washing vegetables, fruits);
- full and high-quality nutrition (especially for dairy and meat home-made products);
- strengthening and increasing the body's defenses (hardening, frequent walks, active lifestyle);
- periodic preventive examination by a doctor and, if necessary, a laboratory examination of nasal swabs.
If desired, quartzization of rooms is carried out once a month according to the generally accepted regimen of the preventive procedure.
It is possible that the above recommendations will not eliminate staphylococcus in the body, but their implementation will significantly reduce the likelihood of the bacteria moving into pathological condition. Staphylococcus aureus is an inhabitant of the normal microflora in the human body, so its detection does not always indicate the presence of a pathogenic process in humans.
Staphylococci - common name groups of bacteria. To date, 27 species of these microorganisms are known, 14 of which are found on the mucous membranes and human skin.
Many staphylococci are completely harmless - to be more precise, only 3 species cause disease. The most dangerous of them is Staphylococcus aureus.
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
It is an opportunistic Gram-positive round bacterium.
It is the causative agent of a whole range of diseases, including both completely mild (imperigo, acne, boils) and deadly (meningitis, pneumonia, toxic shock, sepsis).
The most common sites of staphylococcus localization are the nasal passages and armpits. Oddly enough, the main carriers of the microorganism are employees of medical institutions.
Staphylococcus aureus is distinguished by its amazing vitality: it does not die when dried, it can remain active for more than 12 hours under direct sunbeams, about 10 minutes survives at a temperature of 150 degrees, as well as in pure ethyl alcohol. The microorganism is not only not destroyed when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, but also begins to produce catalase, a special enzyme that has a splitting effect on hydrogen peroxide molecules. The oxygen released in this case is absorbed by the staphylococcus itself.
The bacterium can live in a strong solution of sodium chloride - table salt. Therefore, it survives perfectly in salty human sweat.
The microorganism synthesizes a special enzyme - lipase, which breaks down fats and destroys the sebaceous plug located at the mouth of the hair follicle. As a result, purulent formations on the skin, carbuncles, boils,
The “weakness” of Staphylococcus aureus is hypersensitivity to the effects of aniline dyes, including brilliant green.
Staphylococcus in the nose
The favorite habitat of Staphylococcus aureus is the nasal cavity. Moreover, it can be found in perfectly healthy people. Many for a long time are simply carriers of a pathogenic bacterium.
The weakening of the protective properties of the body is a favorable factor for the rapid growth and reproduction of staphylococcus in the nasal mucosa. A number of diseases can result from this: chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, atrophy of the nasal mucosa, frontal sinusitis.
Diseases can occur as a result of a decrease in not only general, but also local immunity. A number of factors contribute to this:
- hypothermia;
- the presence of an infection of viral etiology;
- insufficient level of adaptation;
- use of antibacterial nasal drops;
- prolonged use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops;
- taking antibiotics a wide range actions.
Diagnostics
To determine the presence of staphylococcus and its pathogenicity, it is necessary to isolate these bacteria in pure culture by inoculating a sample of the material under study on solid nutrient media.
Main symptoms
In some cases, staphylococcus lives peacefully in the nasal mucosa, without showing up in any way. In the presence of favorable factors, the development of a particular pathology begins. Symptoms of the presence of a pathogen vary depending on the disease it causes.
General signs:
- increase in body temperature;
- symptoms of intoxication;
- redness of the skin in the nose;
- the appearance of pustules.
If Staphylococcus aureus leads to the development sinusitis, the listed signs are joined by general malaise, chills, nasal congestion, sneezing. As the disease progresses, the eyelids swell and turn red, appear pain in the face, extending to the forehead, teeth, nose. Pressure leads to the spread of pain in the infraorbital region.
Staphylococcus in the nose often provokes chronic rhinitis. In this case, the symptoms are difficulty in nasal breathing, severe congestion in one half of the nose, moderate mucous discharge, which, when exacerbated, can increase and become purulent.
If a pathogen causes atrophy of the nasal mucosa, nasal congestion, a feeling of itching, dryness in the nasal cavity, anosmia resulting from atrophy of the olfactory receptors, the lumens of the nasal passages are significantly expanded.
Staphylococcus aureus often causes frontita. In this case, the result of its presence in the nasal mucosa are headaches of high intensity, localized mainly above the eyebrows and in the forehead. Pain is aggravated by tilting the head. There is a general weakness, fatigue, dizziness can be observed. Nasal discharge especially profuse in the morning. At night they are few, but the pressure on the forehead increases.
Rapid reproduction and high activity of Staphylococcus aureus help it successfully resist immune cells. An infection in the nose is accompanied by the development of a purulent process. Some of the pus may drain into digestive system, which leads to an increase in the load on the organs gastrointestinal tract and a number negative consequences- especially if there are additional risk factors: improper or malnutrition, long-term use of medications, nervous tension and stress. In such cases, staphylococcus can provoke diseases such as gastritis, enteritis, duodenitis, colitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, toxic hepatitis, inflammation Bladder and kidneys.
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus
Holding medical measures necessary only in cases where the presence of Staphylococcus aureus leads to the development of an inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa or the appearance of certain diseases: sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis media, etc.
The difficulty lies in the fact that staphylococcus is activated against the background of a decrease in the body's defenses and has high level resistance to penicillins.
Before starting treatment, the following circumstances should be considered:
- staphylococcus easily develops resistance to certain antibiotics;
- frequent use of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of an overresistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus;
- with the wrong choice antibacterial agent the effect is reversed: the infection intensifies and spreads through circulatory system throughout the body;
- incorrect or incomplete treatment leads to a number of serious complications: purulent skin lesions, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, intestinal intoxication, staphylococcal sepsis, meningitis.
Before the start of the course, the sensitivity of the microorganism to specific antibiotics is certainly clarified.
The most commonly used drugs are dicloxacillin, oxacillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, ofloxacin, amoxiclav, unazine.
As it was said, with super-resistance to the strongest antibiotics, Staphylococcus aureus is very susceptible to brilliant green. It is widely used to eliminate pustules that form on the skin.
Microorganisms can also be suppressed with the help of bacteriophages - a liquid medium inhabited by viruses that can neutralize staphylococci.
Immunomodulators, vitamin-mineral complexes are used to enhance immunity, as well as regulate the sleep and rest regimen and make up an appropriate diet.
Home Treatments
Several home remedies can be used to treat Staphylococcus aureus disease.
- Make poultices, hot baths, apply sterile compresses to the nose. It is recommended to add 70 g of vinegar to the water and inhale the steam coming from it.
- From infectious formations, pus in the nasal cavity, the infusion of comfrey helps perfectly.
- Prepare a decoction of burdock (burdock) and bury in the nose.
- To increase the body's resistance to take ascorbic acid(vitamin C).
- Immunity can also be strengthened by using echinacea tincture.
- An excellent remedy for increasing the body's defenses is rose hips. It is enough to drink 100 ml of a decoction of its fruits twice a day.
- Apricot pulp also helps a lot.
- In severe diseases, it is recommended to use mummy: dissolve ½ gram of the product in 200 ml of water, take 50 ml before meals. The duration of the course is 2 months.
Today, diseases caused by a staphylococcal infection are diagnosed based on the results of a smear test for a pathogenic culture. It also plays an important role in the diagnosis linked immunosorbent assay. If staphylococci are detected, it is necessary to make another laboratory analysis. With its help, it will be necessary to determine the sensitivity of the considered opportunistic microflora to various antibiotics.
How to treat staphylococcus in the nose and what drugs are the most effective in combating the ailments that cause this infection? Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose requires compilation individual scheme therapy for each patient who seeks help. It must take into account the specific type of pathogen, the level of its sensitivity to antibiotics and how widely the pathological process has managed to go.
Symptoms of infection
In most cases, a person does not even suspect that he, it turns out, is a carrier of a staphylococcal infection. Patients claim that it was possible to detect this harmful microorganism only after they passed special examinations. However, the presence of staphylococcus in the nose, in principle, can be guessed. You can suspect this by:
- persistent runny nose;
- elevated body temperature for no reason;
- symptoms characteristic of intoxication.
It is not at all necessary that all of the listed symptoms will appear. Even one runny nose is enough if it has passed into chronic form. Often the disease does not show itself at all. However, this does not mean that the person is completely healthy.
Treatment should be started only when all the necessary examinations have been carried out. But if Staphylococcus aureus (its most aggressive variety) is found, it will be necessary to be treated.
Traditionally, there are 3 degrees of staphylococcus aureus. Each of them has its own level of activity and reproduction. Accordingly, the treatment will be different. So, staphylococcus in the nose happens:
- unconditionally pathogenic (destroys blood cells);
- conditionally pathogenic (provokes a sluggish inflammatory process);
- saprophyte (almost no effect on health).
Features of treatment
It is necessary to treat staphylococcus aureus only when the inflammatory process begins to develop. Present in the human body strong immunity in small quantities, this microorganism will not harm it. He will simply live on the mucosa. However, you need to be careful with him. However, it is an opportunistic pathogen. And this means that it is safe for humans for the time being. Even a minimal failure of immunity can give a green light to the active reproduction of staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, doctors strongly advise not to delay treatment if a large number of staphylococci are found in the nose.
Today, in the process of treating staphylococcus that has settled in the nose, doctors are faced with a serious problem. It lies in the resistance (resistance) of this microorganism to most existing drugs. Since the time when the world learned about penicillin, staphylococcus has managed to mutate significantly. Therefore, it is quite logical that many of its varieties are resistant to antibiotics of this group. I had to make changes to penicillin. Thus appeared new drug- mecillin. But staphylococcus reacted with the appearance of a resistant variety.
So, before prescribing this or that antibiotic, the doctor does special analysis and finds out how sensitive the harmful microorganism is to it. This is necessary in order to successfully cure a staph infection.
Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most aggressive variety. Penicillins, of course, do not take it. It is dangerous because it can provoke osteomyelitis, pneumonia and staphylococcal sepsis.
If a staphylococcal infection has become severe, the patient requires an integrated approach. Him in individually write out the most effective antibiotics that eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, immunomodulatory drugs and nasal drops will be prescribed. Remember that it is necessary to treat such an infection only under medical supervision. After all, the effectiveness of treatment directly depends on the competent selection of drugs. If you start the fight against the disease on your own, it can be at least useless and at most dangerous to health. You will miss the time, and harmful bacteria will just take advantage of it for even more active development.
Antibiotic therapy
If the nasal mucosa is infected with staphylococcus aureus, you can fight it with two local antibiotics - Fuzafungin drops and Mupirocin ointment:
- "Fusafungin" ("Bioparox") - also available in the form of an aerosol. Small size aerosol drops allow the active substance to get into the hard-to-reach paranasal sinuses without any problems. The advantage of this drug is the presence of anti-inflammatory action, in addition to a powerful antibacterial.
- "Mupirocin" ("Bactroban") is a nasal ointment that can be successfully used even against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. It is necessary to smear the vestibule of the nose. This should be done 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 7 days.
To deal a crushing blow to the bacteria and the disease that they provoked, the doctor prescribes an antibiotic in injections or in the form of tablets. The highest efficiency is typical for:
- "Unazin";
- "Amoxiclav";
- "Oxacillin";
- "Ofloxacin";
- "Ceftriaxone".
To completely get rid of pathogenic microflora, you will need long course taking antibiotics. Only the attending physician can choose the dosage and determine the duration of the course.
Processing the nose
To slow down the process of reproduction of microorganisms that have settled in the nose, it should be properly processed. You need to do this with:
Folk remedies
You can strengthen your position in the fight against staphylococcal infection with folk remedies prepared according to "grandmother's" recipes. They are relatively safe, affordable and very convenient. This is important if you are going to be treated at home.
Foods enriched with vitamin C have a very good effect on the immune system, strengthening it. Rosehip infusions, compote and tea made from blackcurrant berries and leaves are considered leaders. It will be extremely beneficial for immunity if you saturate your diet with broccoli, white cabbage(in pickled form), fresh apricots, Antonovka apples, cranberries and citruses.
There are many ways to treat a staph infection at home. Prepared drugs can be taken orally, as well as used for lotions and healing inhalations.
An infusion of celery and comfrey with the addition of parsley root juice will help eliminate the inflammatory process and remove pus from the nose. It should be taken internally. You can strengthen weakened immunity with the help of tincture of echinacea.
For instillation of the nose, you can use a decoction prepared from the root of burdock (or burdock). And for washing the nose, it is best to use chamomile, as well as decoctions of calendula and sage.
If the disease is severe and the nose is clogged with pus, and taking antibiotics does not give the desired results, use the mummy. Dilute this product in clean water in a ratio of 1:20. The finished drug must be taken twice a day, 50 ml before meals. One time is enough for a child. The duration of the course of treatment is 2 months.
Preventive measures
Of course, any disease is much easier to prevent than to cure. The same rule works in the case of staphylococcus aureus.
The most effective preventive measure is to regularly engage in strengthening your own health and immunity. In addition, it is imperative to adhere to an adequate rest and sleep regimen, it is advisable to engage in some kind of sport, spend enough time outdoors, follow the rules healthy eating and timely treat diseases of infectious origin. It should be noted that it is also very important to monitor personal hygiene and cleanliness in the home.
Often, a staphylococcal infection affects the weakest. Pregnant women, babies up to a year old, the elderly and those who often catch colds are most susceptible to it. They need enhanced prevention:
- as soon as the slightest hint of a runny nose appears, immediately rinse the nose (it is recommended to use a solution of table salt);
- wash the floor and dust the rooms as often as possible;
- airing the rooms should become a daily tradition;
- disease oral cavity and upper respiratory tract should be treated immediately after the onset of the first symptoms;
- before starting to feed the child, without fail, wash both hands and chest;
- do not forget to undergo an annual (who needs it more often) examination by your doctor and other specialists.
And finally
When one of the family members suddenly found staphylococcus aureus, all the rest of the household will have to take the test. If the result is positive, treatment will be needed collectively. 3 months after the end of the course of treatment, it is necessary to re-analyze. Then smears are recommended to be taken twice a year (preferably in spring and autumn).
In addition, we emphasize that in case of infection with Staphylococcus aureus, treatment will be fraught with significant difficulties and will stretch for an indefinite time. After all, it is this type of pathogenic microorganism, as already mentioned, that very quickly develops resistance to antibiotics prescribed by a doctor.
Therefore, in the course of treatment, there is a need for constant smears on the level of sensitivity of staphylococcus to antibacterial drugs.
In general, diseases caused by staphylococcus are successfully treated today. The main thing is not to delay the visit to the doctor and not engage in uncontrolled self-medication.
Staphylococcus in the nose is not just an unpleasant condition that causes discomfort, but also enough dangerous disease causing complications. This is the most unpleasant problem that a patient of ENT departments may face. It affects the mucous membranes of the nose, and it is almost impossible to completely rid the body of the presence of these bacteria.
Staphylococcal infection: nature and features
Staphylococcus in the nose (staphylococcus aureus) is not such an unexpected phenomenon. These Gram-positive bacteria are found in all species. environment. They can be found in water, soil, air. Bacteria of the Staphylococcaceae family are facultative aerobic. Cocci have many types - up to 30 varieties. Most of them are not dangerous for humans, they are representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora. But some are pathogenic and dangerous.
Non-dangerous types of staphylococcus do not cause infectious lesions, often found on the surface of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat. Immunity healthy person able to resist the action of these bacteria. Up to 70% of the world's population periodically become carriers of staphylococcus aureus, and for 20% it will be a constant companion of life.
In the case of an increase in the concentration of the pathogen with the transition to infection, apply effective ways fight. In particular, they are used aqueous solutions silver salts and liquid formulations containing this substance. Antibiotics are also effective, as well as a special bacteriophage. However, there are dangerous pathogenic varieties that are very difficult to deal with due to their excessive survivability and resistance to many antibiotics:
- Golden - this pathogen is considered the most dangerous. It can easily affect all tissues of the human body. Staphylococcus aureus in the nose can lead to severe inflammatory process followed by pneumonia and even meningitis. Is different hypersensitivity to antibiotics - the use of penicillins and cephalosporins does not give the desired effect, which makes treatment difficult.
- Saprophytic is a less dangerous pathogen compared to the previous one, but it always leads to severe infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Its consequence is cystitis and urethritis.
- Epidermal - is a frequent guest on the mucous membranes and skin. You can find it in the mouth, nasal passages, in the eyes. Children are especially susceptible to its action. The result of infection is conjunctivitis, infection open wounds, damage to the genitourinary system. Also pathogenic staphylococcus provokes severe infection of the bloodstream and endocarditis.
The severity of staphylococcal lesions is determined by the fact that they, having settled in the body in excessive quantities, begin to produce a number of enzyme components and toxins. They actively destroy cells and provoke other ailments.
Causes and modes of transmission
Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx will begin to develop actively only if certain conditions coincide:
- a sharp increase in the number of bacteria in the body and its excess of the boundary level, after which the immune system cannot resist microbes;
- fall of protective barriers immune system organism;
- the formation of wounds, scratches, mucosal damage through which the infection begins to penetrate.
How the infection is transmitted
Staphylococcus aureus can be contracted under any conditions. It affects all people, regardless of age. The main routes of entry of the pathogen include:
Provoking factors
Staphylococcus aureus (golden) can penetrate due to the use of unwashed food, through wounds, due to the “revival” of the pathogen located in the intestine. Factors that provoke an infection are:
- Hypothermia of the body, because when cold air passes through the nose, the cilia of the epithelium freeze. The absence of their movement reduces the quality of cleansing the nasal cavity, which leads to the deposition of bacteria on the mucous membranes and their active development.
- Respiratory infections, influenza provoke staphylococcal type rhinitis, which leads to a decrease in immune defense.
- Excessively long-term use of drops in the nose with a vasoconstrictive effect causes drug rhinitis. It facilitates the penetration and reproduction of bacteria.
- Uncontrolled use of antibiotics, abuse of cytostatics and corticosteroids causes hypersensitivity of the body to staphylococcus aureus.
- Staphylococcal infection in the nose may affect certain populations with greater frequency. This applies to newborns, children, older people, patients with chronic ailments.
- Increased activity in the foci of infection - infection may be the result chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis or adenoiditis.
- Mental overstrain and stressful situations of a long nature.
Symptoms of infection
The appearance of a staphylococcal infection requires immediate treatment in adults and children. This is especially true in severe cases with lesions of the golden type of the pathogen. Signs of staphylococcus in the nose are as follows:
A feature of the course of staphylococcal infection in children is the presence of a rash on the body. Rashes in the form of pustules, as well as the discharge of pus, leading to the formation of crusts, require prompt medical intervention.
Scratching or otherwise disturbing wounds in the affected areas leads to the transfer of infection to other parts of the body.
What is dangerous staphylococcus in the nose
When infected with staphylococcus, inflammation can quickly move to Airways, organs located in close proximity to the focus of infection. The sinuses, larynx, tonsils and trachea are affected. The infection can spread to the lungs or heart.
A common runny nose, which is often overlooked, can develop into a sore throat, otitis or sinusitis in a matter of days. In severe cases, provoking bronchitis or tracheitis is possible. Certain categories of patients are at risk - these are infants and the elderly. It is in them that a staphylococcal infection can cause abscesses, serious violations of the lungs, damage to the bone structure, brain and heart. Dangerous and the transition of infection to the kidneys and liver. Cases of septic type blood infection should not be excluded.
Staphylococcus aureus is extremely tenacious. It is not easy to get rid of it even with the help of powerful medications - it is poorly susceptible to penicillins. This feature requires timely initiation of inpatient treatment and an antibiogram.
Diagnostic specifics
Staphylococcus aureus in the nose in adults is not so easy to diagnose, since a deeper examination is required. After a general examination of the patient by an ENT specialist, the following types of studies are prescribed:
How to treat staph in the nose
The program of therapeutic effects is assigned by specialists on an individual basis, taking into account the characteristics clinical case. The typical parameters of the infectious agent, the patient's condition and the development of the disease are taken into account, and the potential effectiveness of the use of medications is assessed.
In the case of an infection without complications, the method of symptomatic therapeutic intervention is used, but in severe forms required complex treatment with the use of drugs that have a general antibacterial or specific antistaphylococcal effect.
Antibiotic therapy
For each clinical picture patients require individual program treatment, because universal methods of struggle do not exist. This is explained by the presence of specific sets of pathogens in people exposed to this infection. The choice of antibiotic is based on the results of the antibiogram. The doctor forms the course and dosage. It is impossible to retreat from them - an incomplete cure is fraught with the transition of the disease into a chronic form. In this case, the slightest action of a provoking factor will activate the disease.
It is possible to treat staphylococcus in the nose in an adult, if the pathogen is not of the golden type, with antibiotics that are part of the penicillin class. For example, doctors often prescribe Ampicillin.
Staphylococcus aureus is very insidious - it has developed resistance to penicillin drugs. These medications will not cure the infection. Risk self-treatment due to the possibility of provoking these drugs pneumonia. There is a risk of staphylococcal sepsis and osteomyelitis.
Sulfanilamide preparations and some antibiotics will help to destroy the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. High efficiency of therapy is given by such means:
If strong purulent formations are observed, then medicines of this class of antibiotics can be used to treat areas with open abscesses.
In the process of therapy, emphasis is placed on components that can suppress the action of microbes and overcome their resistance to medicines. The dosage is determined by a specialist on an individual basis. In cases where it is impossible to correct pathological changes in the nose through the use of antibiotics, a decision is made to introduce immunoglobulin with an antistaphylococcal effect or toxoid into the course of therapy. These drugs will help prevent complications.
Local treatment of affected areas
To wash the nasal cavity, drugs with an antiseptic effect are prescribed - Miramistin or Chlorhexidine. In progress complex therapy a combination of vasoconstrictor and antibacterial action is often required. Efficiency is demonstrated by instillation of the nose:
- Protargol;
- Polydex;
- Isofray.
It is also advisable to rinse the nose with a solution of Chlorophyllipt or apply drops of an oily consistency based on this drug. Mupirocin staphylococcus ointment is used twice a day as prescribed by a doctor.
Treatment of the nasopharynx is also provided through the use of lozenges, such as Lysobact. These funds help to have a positive effect on the condition of the throat, which is additionally rinsed with Miramistin, Chlorophyllipt, soda or hydrogen peroxide in solution.
Folk recipes
Therapy of staphylococcus aureus is carried out by taking drugs prescribed by specialists. Do not refuse or skip doses. But in addition to the developed therapy program, you can use folk remedies which will alleviate the patient's condition.
Treatment with folk remedies will help remove a staphylococcal infection from the nasopharynx:
- Herbal infusion, for which you need to take sage with plantain and burdock root. It can be instilled into the nose or used as a gargle.
- It is recommended to eat 2 apricots before meals, the pulp of which is a natural antibiotic against such a sore as staphylococcus aureus.
- Prepare an infusion from natural ingredients - leaves walnut, tricolor violet root and wheatgrass. After exposure for 2 hours in a dark place, drink 0.5 cups of the product in between meals.
- Consume within daily allowance 2 mg foods rich in copper, which has an antiseptic effect. Suitable spinach, buckwheat or salad for treatment at home.
Rules for treatment in special cases
Treatment of staphylococcal infection in pregnant women has its own specifics. First, most antibiotics should not be used during this period. Secondly, there is a huge risk of transmission of infection to the baby during prenatal development during childbirth or while breastfeeding. This necessitates a very careful attitude to the health of women.
In the course of treatment, drugs are prescribed that do not have the ability to pass through the placental membrane or do not have a teratogenic effect on the unborn child. The course of treatment includes bacteriophages and immunomodulators. The procedure for immunizing a woman with staphylococcal type antitoxins is also recommended. It is permissible to use such relatively safe means like Chlorophyllipt.
Staphylococcus infection is the result of a weak immune system, so a pregnant woman should eat well, keep healthy lifestyle life, walk more and avoid stress.
Identification of an infection in a child is fraught with many complications, so a prompt visit to the doctor is required. The specialist prescribes gentle antibiotics, folk remedies, vitamin complexes and immunomodulators. Treatment of the affected areas with Chlorophyllipt is suitable. A feature of the treatment of this category of patients is the need for all family members to undergo tests and, if necessary, undergo complex therapy.
Means of prevention
When diagnosing a staphylococcal infection, you must strictly follow the doctor's recommendations. Warming procedures that contribute to the spread of germs are not allowed. Milk and dairy products should not be consumed, honey and juices should be excluded from the diet. It is necessary to use alcohol solutions carefully - they may not have the desired effect and will lead to increased dryness of the mucosa. After taking antibiotics, it is advisable to undergo a course of therapy using probiotics.
However, it is important to prevent the activation of the disease, for which a set of preventive measures should be implemented:
- compliance with the rules of hygiene, the exclusion of the use of other people's items;
- active pastime, increased immunity;
- avoidance of stress;
- treatment of rhinitis only with drugs prescribed by a specialist;
- airing the room and wet cleaning;
- observance of hygiene when feeding the baby.
Staphylococcal infection is a very complex and dangerous disease. The situation should not be underestimated. It is important to quickly contact a doctor and promptly start therapy. This is especially true for risk groups that are prone to complications.
