Translation of sentences in different tenses. Verb tenses in English: how to arrange them all into a logical and simple system? We can talk about absolute and relative times

English tenses are considered the most difficult topic, because in Russian we have only 3 tenses, and in English there are 12.

When studying them, everyone has many questions.

What time should I use?
Would it be considered a mistake to use one tense instead of another?
Why is it necessary to use this time and not another?

This confusion occurs because we learn the rules of grammar but do not fully understand them.

However, English tenses are not as complicated as they seem.

Their use depends on what idea you want to convey to your interlocutor. To do this correctly, you need to understand the logic and usage of English tenses.

I warn you right away that in this article I will not explain to you the grammatical formation of sentences. In it I will give precisely an understanding of the times.

In the article we will look at the cases of using 12 tenses and compare them with each other, as a result of which you will understand how they differ and when to use which tense.

Let's start.

What tenses are there in English?

In English, as well as in Russian, there are 3 blocks of tenses familiar to us.

1. Present (present) - denotes an action that occurs in the present tense.

2. Past - denotes an action that occurs in the past tense (once upon a time).

3. Future - denotes an action that will occur in the future tense.

However, the English times do not end there. Each of these groups of times is divided into:

1. Simple- simple.

2. Continuous- long-term.

3. Perfect- completed.

4. Perfect Continuous- long-term completed.

The result is 12 times.

It is the use of these 4 groups that baffles English language learners. After all, in the Russian language there is no such division.

How do you know what time to use?

To use English tenses correctly, you need 3 things.

Understand the logic of English tenses
That is, to know what time is intended for what and when it is used.
Be able to construct sentences according to the rules
That is, not only to know, but to be able to speak these sentences.
Understand exactly what idea you want to convey to your interlocutor
That is, be able to choose the right time depending on the meaning you put into your words.

To understand English tenses, let's look at each group in detail.

Once again, I will not explain the grammatical formation of sentences. And I’ll explain to you the logic by which we determine which group’s time should be used.

We'll start with the easiest group - Simple.

Bonus! Do you want to easily learn English tenses and use them in your speech? in Moscow and find out how easy it is to master tenses and start speaking English in 1 month using the ESL method!

Simple group tenses in English

Simple is translated as “simple”.

We use this tense when we talk about facts that:

happen in the present tense
happened in the past
will happen in the future.

For example

I drive a car.
I drive a car.

We say that a person knows how to drive a car and this is a fact.

Let's look at another example.

She bought a dress.
She bought a dress.

We are talking about the fact that sometime in the past (yesterday, last week or last year) she bought herself a dress.

Remember: when you talk about some action as a fact, then use the Simple group.

You can study all the times of this group in detail here:

Now let's compare Simple with another group of tenses - Continuous.

Continuous tenses in English

Continuous is translated as “long, continuous.”

When we use this tense, we talk about action as a process that:

happening at the moment
happened in the past at a certain moment,
will happen in the future at a certain moment.

For example

I am driving a car.
I'm driving.

Unlike the Simple group, here we do not mean a fact, but talk about a process.

Let's see the difference between fact and process.

Fact:“I can drive a car, I have a license.”

Process:“I got behind the wheel some time ago and now I’m driving the car, that is, I’m in the process of driving.”

Let's look at another example.

I will be flying to Moscow tomorrow.
Tomorrow I will fly to Moscow.

We are talking about the fact that tomorrow you will board a plane and for some time you will be in the process of flying.

That is, for example, you need to get in touch with a client. You tell him that you will not be able to talk to him at this time, since you will be in the middle of a flight.

Remember: when you want to emphasize the duration of an action, that is, that the action is a process, use the Continuous tenses.

You can read in detail about each time of this group here:

Now let's move on to the Perfect group.

Perfect tenses in English

Perfect is translated as “completed/perfect.”

We use this tense when we focus on the result of an action, which:

we have received by now,
we got to a certain point in the past,
we will receive by a certain point in the future.

Note that even in the present tense this tense is translated into Russian as the past. However, despite this, you say that the result of this action is important in the present moment.

For example

I have fixed my car.
I fixed the car.

We focus on the result that we currently have - a working machine. For example, you say that you fixed your car, now it works, and you can go to your friends’ country house.

Let's compare this group with others.

Let's talk about a fact (Simple):

I cooked dinner.
I was cooking dinner.

For example, you tell your friend about the fact that you prepared a delicious dinner yesterday.

I was cooking dinner.
I was cooking dinner.

You say you were in the process of cooking. For example, they didn’t answer the phone because they were cooking (we were in the process) and didn’t hear the call.

Let's talk about the result (Perfect):

I have cooked dinner.
I cooked dinner.

You currently have the result of this action - a ready-made dinner. For example, you call the whole family for lunch because dinner is ready.

Remember: when you want to focus on the result of an action, use the Perfect group.

Read more about all the times of the Perfect group in these articles:

Now let's move on to the last group, Perfect Continuous.

Perfect Continuous tenses in English

Perfect Continuous is translated as “complete continuous”. As you noticed from the name, this group of tenses includes characteristics of 2 groups at once.

We use it when we talk about a long-term action (process) and obtaining a result.

That is, we emphasize that the action began some time ago, lasted (was in process) for a certain time and at the moment:

1. We received the result of this action

For example: “He repaired the car for 2 hours” (the action lasted 2 hours, and at the moment he has a result - a working car).

2. The action is still going on

For example: “He has been fixing the car for 2 hours” (he started fixing the car 2 hours ago, was in the process and is still fixing it now).

We can say that the action began some time ago, lasted and:

ended/continues in the present,
ended/continued until a certain point in the past,
will end/will continue until a certain point in the future.

For example

I have been cooking this dinner for 2 hours.
I cooked dinner for 2 hours.

That is, you started cooking 2 hours ago and by now you have the result of your action - a ready-made dinner.

Let's compare this time with others similar to it.

Let's talk about the process (Continuous):

I am painting a picture.
I am drawing a picture.

We say that we are currently in the process of drawing. It doesn’t matter to us how much time it has already taken, it is important to us that you are currently involved in this process.

We talk about the result (Perfect)

I have painted a picture.
I painted a picture.

We say that at the moment we have a result - a completed picture.

We talk about the result and the process (Perfect Continuous)

1. I have been painting a picture for an hour.
I painted the picture for an hour.

We say that at the moment we have a result - a completed picture. You also point out that you were in the drawing process for one hour to get this result.

2. I have been painting a picture for an hour.
I paint a picture for one hour.

We say that we are now in the process of drawing, while we focus on the fact that we have been busy with this process for an hour. Unlike Continuous times, where we care only about what is happening at a certain (given) moment, and not how long we have been doing this.

Remember: if you want to emphasize not only the result obtained, but also its duration (how long it took you to get it), then use the Perfect Continuous.

General table comparing tenses of the groups Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous

Let's look again at what each group of tenses is responsible for. Look at the table.

Time	Example	Accent
Simple	I did my homework. I was doing my homework.	We're talking about facts. For example, you once studied at university and did your homework. It is a fact.
Continuous	I was doing my homework. I was doing my homework.	We talk about the process, emphasizing the duration of the action. For example, you didn’t clean your room because you were busy doing your homework.
Perfect	I have done my homework. I've done my homework.	We talk about the result. For example, you came to class with your homework ready. The teacher doesn't care how long it took you. He is interested in the result - whether the work is done or not.
Perfect Continuous	I have been doing my homework for 2 hours. I did my homework for 2 hours.	We emphasize not only the result, but also the duration of the action before receiving it. For example, you complain to a friend that homework is too difficult. You spent 2 hours on it and: did it (got the result), still doing at the moment.

Bottom line

Use English tenses depending on the meaning you want to convey to your interlocutor. The most important thing is to understand what the emphasis is on in each tense.

1. We talk about action as a fact - Simple.

2. We talk about action as a process - Continuous.

3. We talk about action, focusing on the result - Perfect.

4. We talk about the action, emphasizing that it took a certain time before obtaining the result - Perfect Continuous.

I hope that now you understand the logic of English times, and you will be able to convey the correct meaning to your interlocutor.

When starting to study any grammatical material in a foreign language, we compare it with the corresponding section in our native language - Russian. The same thing happens when studying tense forms of English verbs. Both Russian and English have three tenses: present, past and future. In English it is -

Present - the present
past past
Future - future

Each of them has four types:

simple - simple
long - continuous
perfect - perfect
perfect continuous - perfect continuous

It turns out that there are actually twelve main tense forms in the English language.

The English tense table looks like this:

Depending on the nature of the action, that is, how often it is performed, when, how long the action took place, etc., we get 4 types of tenses in English.

Band times Simple

This group includes three English tenses called simple tenses.

The tenses of this group indicate actions (state facts), without indicating their duration or whether they were completed

I sculpt from clay - I sculpt from clay(Present)
My granny loved this garden. — My grandmother loved this garden(Past)
I will help him. — I'll help him(Future)

Present Simple

In this tense, infinitive forms of verbs are used, with the exception of verbs in the 3rd person ( he, she) in the singular the ending is added - (e)s

I like mountain climbing. — I like climbing mountains
He likes mountain climbing. — He likes climbing mountains

To construct a question and negation we use to do

Do do you like mountain climbing?
I don't like mountain climbing
He does not like mountain climbing

Used:

When stating generally known facts
With regular or repeated action
In a series of successive events in the present
In sentences containing verbs of feelings, mental activity or visual perception
Download verbs
In sentences containing words indicating regularity:
- always - always
- sometimes - sometimes
- usually - usually

Past Simple

Past Simple The past tense form is formed by adding an ending - ed to the regular verb or the second form from the table for irregular verbs

I summ ed up the meeting. — I summed up the meeting
I saw him the day before yesterday. — I saw him the day before yesterday

Questions and negations are formed using a verb did:

Did did you sum up the meeting? - You summed up the meeting?
I did not sum up the meeting. - I didn't summarize the meeting

Used:

To denote an action that occurred at a certain moment in the past and the time at which the action occurred has already ended
When listing sequential events:
- I came home, took off my boots, opened the window, made tea for myself. — I came home, took off my boots, opened the window, made myself tea

Future Simple

This tense is formed using the verb will (‘ll- abridged version)

You" ll write the articles
Will do you write the articles?
You will not write the articles

The Future Simple is used to denote actions that will happen in an uncertain future or at a distant point in the future.

Band times Continuous

Present Continuous

Formed using a verb to be And IV f. verb (the ending is added to the main verb - ing)

Conjugation table to be

We are swimm ing. — We are swimming(it is implied that they are swimming at the time of speaking)
Are we swimm ing? — We are swimming?
We are not swimm ing. — We don't swim

Indicates:

Events that occur at the time of speech
Actions that will happen immediately after the moment of speech
Constant irritants:
- The baby is crying. — The child is crying ing

Past Continuous

To form the continuous past tense we need:

To be in the past time:
- was— 1st and 3rd persons singular
- were- 2nd person singular and 3rd person plural
Ending - ing for main verbs

I was rewrit ing I've been rewriting topics all evening
Were you rewrit ing the topics all the evening? — You've been rewriting topics all evening?
I was not rewrit ing the topics all the evening. — I haven't rewritten topics all evening

Past Continuous conveys an action that took place at a certain moment in the past, with an emphasis on its duration

Future Continuous

Its formula is:

Will be+ verb ending - ing

I "ll be walk ing long. — I'll be walking for a long time
Wil l I be walk ing long? — How long will I be walking?
I will not walk ing long. — I won't be walking for long

Future Continuous conveys an action that will take place at a certain period of time in the future, indicating its duration

Band times Perfect

Present Perfect

The formula is as follows:

Auxiliary verb of the given tense to have (has)+ semantic verb in III f

To have helps in constructing interrogative and negative sentences.

I have decid ed the problem this morning. — I solved the problem this morning
Has he decid ed the problem this morning? — He solved the problem this morning?
I have not decid ed the problem this morning. — I didn't solve the problem this morning
He has cut the apples. — He cut the apples

The Present Perfect is used to denote events that occurred very recently or the period when they occurred has not yet ended

Table with circumstances of time that indicate perfect the present:

Past Perfect

The formation of the Past Perfect differs from the Present Perfect only in that to have takes the form of the past tense, becoming had, otherwise - the same scheme.

She has never seen her before last New Year. - She had never seen her before last New Year(before period in the past)
I had cut the oranges before mother went at home. — I cut oranges before my mother came home(until another action occurs later)

Past Perfect conveys an action that took place before a certain moment in the past or before another event that took place somewhat later.

Future Perfect

Education scheme:

will +have+ verb ending - ed(or III f. for irregular verbs)

She "ll have finish ed Statistics next month. — She will finish the statistics by next month
Will she have finish ed Statistics next month?
She will not have finish ed Statistics next month

Indicates an action that will be done by a certain time in the future or before the start of some other event in the future

Band times Perfect Continuous

As a consolation, it is worth mentioning that this group is extremely rarely used in everyday English.

Present Perfect Continuous

Perfect Continuous It is formed as follows:

Have (has) been+ verb ending - ing

I have been do ing the exercises already for 3 hours. — I’ve been doing exercises for 3 hours already.
Have I been do ing the exercises already for 3 hours?
I have not been do ing the exercises already for 3 hours

Present Perfect Continuous is used to denote an action that began in the past, lasted for some time and continues to last in the present, while indicating the period during which the action occurs

Past Perfect Continuous

His educational scheme is as follows:

Had been+ verb ending - ing

We had been work ing for one hour when they came. — We had (already) been working for an hour when they arrived.

Denotes an event that lasted a certain period of time in the past and ended before the beginning of another action that also occurred in the past, expressed in Past Simple time

Future Perfect Continuous

Will have been+ verb ending - ing

By midnight she "ll have been read ing the novel for 4 hours. — By midnight she will have been reading this novel for 4 hours

Expresses an act that will take place in the future and will begin earlier than another future event or moment and will still occur during its occurrence

Remembering the typology of English tenses

For a group Simple needed to do(to do), these times are simply stating facts - doing something
For the Commonwealth Continuous necessary to be(to be) and ing-form, with their help long-term phenomena are transmitted
For type Perfect needed to have(to have) and - ed(or 3rd column from the table)
Perfect tenses show what has already been done and exists
For Perfect Continuous time is needed and to have, and the third form to be- been, plus - ing ending

This group of tenses is the most difficult in English for Russian speakers to understand. In Russian, unlike English, there are no such grammatical rules.

Understand, repeat or learn tenses in English? You're kidding! This is almost a Chinese letter! Actually, no, and we know several secrets on how to easily and quickly learn and remember English tenses (table attached).

It is the times that become the main brake that prevents you from easily and simply mastering this most beautiful and popular language in the world. Sit back, sit back, because now we will tell you how to quickly and easily learn and remember verb tenses in English.

Method 1: how to quickly learn verb tenses in English

Students are confused from the very beginning, believing that there are 100,500 tenses in English. In fact, there are also 3 tenses in English: present, past and future. Then, as soon as you have mastered these basics, you will need to add other knowledge to the existing foundation.

Now is the time to find out that all verbs denoting actions in English can be divided into ongoing and non-continuous (i.e. continuous and non-continuous).

How to distinguish them: if an action occurs, has occurred or will occur over a certain period of time, then it is continuous (long or long-lasting). For example, Kolya was sleeping, Lena was doing her homework, Artem was reading a book.

If a sentence contains the following constructions, use Continuous - long time:

at the moment,
from 5 to 7,
the whole day,
when he came and so on.

It is used when it comes to about an unfinished process, action, which was done, is being done or will be done in a specific period of time.

Band times Indefinite or Simple are used to denote an action that occurs regularly, every day, and its exact moment is unknown. It is characterized by indicator words: usually, twice, a week, on Sundays, often, sometimes, never, in summer, hardly, ever and so on. These words state the fact that an action is being performed.

When talking about a completed action, use Perfect, if the sentence contains phrases:

already,
just,
recently
lately, etc.

These indicator words indicate about the presence of a result by a certain moment: something happened now or yesterday by 5 o’clock, or will be ready by tomorrow morning.

Now we define Is it important for understanding the meaning by what point in time this action will be completed?. Thanks to this, we will understand whether we should use the perfect tense or not (Perfect or non-Perfect). Now is the time to bring together all the signs of action we have identified. This way we get a complete definition of the available time. For example, Past continuous Perfect.

The Perfect Continuous tenses are practically never used in real life. However, to pass the test and understand the literary language, it still won’t hurt to study them. For example: In April I’ll have been working on the book for 10 months. In Russian it will sound something like this: in April it will be 10 months since I started working on the book.

Method 2: how to quickly learn English tenses (table)

There is another way if the previous one didn’t work out. There is nothing easier than learning the English tense table.

This table shows all the signs of action. By comparing one sign with another, it will not be difficult for you to determine what time appears before you.

When studying tenses, you will need to learn the forms of auxiliary verbs and verbal words that serve in the formation of a particular tense. And be sure to learn the table with irregular verbs!

And if you still don’t have enough time to prepare for taking a test or test in English, don’t hesitate - contact the student assistance service. Service specialists know everything, if not more, about the times, and they certainly know how to help you. And to broaden your horizons or just keep up to date with student life, subscribe to our telegram channel.

And here is a video about how to quickly and easily learn time in English:

Present Simple Tense(Russian: Present Simple) is used more often than any other tense in English. Therefore, to speak English well, you need to learn how to use this tense correctly.

How can the past and future be, when the past is no longer is, and the future is not yet? As for the present, if it were always present and never moved on to become the past, it would not be time, but eternity.

How can there be a past and a future when the past no longer exists and the future does not yet exist? What about the present? If it always existed, it would never become the past, which means it would not be time, but eternity.

~ Augustine of Hippo

The name itself Present Simple or the simple present tense already speaks for itself. And at first, many may mistakenly take it for a complete analogue of the present tense in Russian.

Yes indeed, Present Simple Tense (or Present Indefinite Tense) has a lot in common with it: we use this tense to describe simple, regular actions, habits, preferences. However, there are other special cases of using the Present Simple tense in English, which you will learn about by reading this article.

So, let's figure out in order what this Present Indefinite time is, how to form negation and questions in Present Simple, and how to use it correctly.

Which is correct: Present Simple or Present Indefinite?

“Everything ingenious is simple.” This is exactly how I would like to describe the times of the Simple group, because “simple” is translated into Russian as “simple,” and the times themselves denote simple everyday actions.

First, let's figure out why the well-known Present Simple Tense(Russian Present Simple tense) is very often also called Present Indefinite(Russian: Present Indefinite tense), and is there a difference between them.

Present Simple very often describes an action where time is uncertain. In examples I work in LA(Russian: I work in Los Angeles) or I live in NY(Russian: I live in New York) the verb expresses action in general; the time as such is not specified.

That is why Present Simple is also called Present Indefinite, because “indefinite” is translated as “uncertain”. And such a name in some cases better conveys the meaning of this time.

Although Present Simple called present (Russian present), it does not always describe the action that is happening now, at the present time. For the action occurring at the moment of speaking, it is used (Russian: Present continuous action).

So, as we see, Present Simple And Present Indefinite- these are just different names for the same time. By the way, in Russian, when translating, two terms are also used: the present simple and the present indefinite.

In linguistics and in teaching English, you may encounter both names, although the frequency of use of the names may vary depending on the region and the preferences of publishers who print textbooks for English learners.

Present Simple: reference table

Reference table: Rules for the formation of the affirmative form, negation and questions in the Present Simple and its use in English

As you can see from the table, verbs in the Present Simple affirmative form coincide with the infinitive form without the particle to in all persons. except for the 3rd person singular adding the ending -s/-es.

Auxiliary verbs do/does can be found in questions and negations, and not always. For example verb be(Russian be) and modal verbs can(Russian: can), must(Russian: to be due), need(Russian: need) form negative and interrogative forms in Present Simple without the help of an auxiliary verb.

In order to ensure that there are absolutely no questions left, let’s look at how affirmative, negative and interrogative forms are formed in more detail and analyze everything with examples.

Rules for the formation of Present Simple: affirmative sentences

The Present Simple is called simple because no auxiliary verbs are used to form its affirmative form. Below are rules and reference tables Present Simple for the formation of affirmative, negative and interrogative forms in English.

Formation of the affirmative form Present Simple

Basic table for the formation of the affirmative form in Present Simple and spelling rules for endings -(e)s for the 3rd person singular

Affirmative form of Present Simple- one of the few, for the formation of which no auxiliary verb is required, but endings are used, and then only in the 3rd person singular.

Remember!

To form an affirmative sentence in the Present Simple, use first form of the verb(infinitive) without particle to after the subject (the subject performing the action). If the subject is in the 3rd person singular. numbers, the ending is added to the verb -(e)s

For example:

I work in a hotel(Russian: I work in a hotel): I- subject, work- verb

We dance every Sunday(Russian: We dance every Sunday): We- subject, dance- verb

My son plays in a band(Russian. My son plays in a band): My son- subject, plays- verb

If the action is done I(Russian) you(Russian: you, you), we(Russian we), they(Russian they), plural noun ( boys- boys, dogs- dogs, friends- friends), then the verb does not change in any way.

However, if the action is performed he(rus.on), she(Russian she), it(Russian it, this, singular number for inanimate objects), singular noun ( a girl- girl, a cat- cat Kitty, a friend- friend), then the ending -s, sometimes -es is added to the verbs.

Examples of affirmative sentences in Present Simple with translation:

Spelling rules for endings -s, -es in Present Simple.

Let's look at when verbs take an ending in the Present Simple tense -s, and when -es, and when they do not follow the rules, that is, they are exceptions.

1. An ending is added to most verbs in the Present Indefinite tense in the 3rd person singular -s:

play-plays(Russian plays)

sit-sits(Russian sitting)

clean- cleans(Russian cleans)

2. Verbs that end in - s, -sh, -ch, tch, -x, -z, add ending -es. This is due to the history of the language and the ease of pronunciation: when there are two similar sounds next to each other, it is difficult for us to pronounce them without a linking vowel:

kiss-kisses(Russian kisses)

wish-wishes(Russian wishes)

march-marches(Russian marching)

watch-watches(Russian looks)

box-boxes(Russian boxing)

buzz-buzzes(Russian buzzes)

3. Verbs ending in -o, also add the ending -es. Fortunately, there are few such verbs:

do-does(Russian does)

go-goes(Russian is coming)

4. If the verb ends in I agree and -y, ending is used -es. In this case -y changes to -i :

cry-cries(Russian cries, screams)

study-studies(Russian studies)

try-tries(Russian tries)

5. If the verb ends in vowel and -u, just adding the ending -s. There are no changes with -y:

play-plays(Russian plays)

pray-prays(Russian prays)

say-says(Russian speaking)

6. Verb have Present Simple does not add endings -s or -es. For the 3rd person singular the form is used has. Compare:

I have a cat(Russian: I have a cat, literally - I have a dog)

He has a dog(Russian: He has a dog, literally - He has a dog)

7. Verb be in the Present Simple tense has my forms: am, is, are, about which read further in this article.

Negative and interrogative sentences in the Present Simple

Present Simple: examples of negative sentences

Basic table for the formation of the full and shortened negative form in Present Simple.

To say that we are NOT doing something, we use an auxiliary verb in negative sentences do does(For he, she, it

Remember!

To form negative sentences in the Present Simple to the auxiliary verb do/does, which stands between the subject and the main predicate verb in the infinitive form, a negative particle is added not.

For example:

I don't watch(Russian: I don't watch)

They don't study(Russian: They don’t study)

It doesn't paint(Russian: He doesn't draw)

The boy doesn't box(Russian: The boy does not box)

In the last two examples It doesn't paint(Russian: He doesn’t draw) and The boy doesn't box(Russian: The boy does not box), as you noticed, the main verbs paint And box used without ending -(e)s, which is used to form the affirmative form in the Present Simple, compare: He paints(Russian: He draws), He boxes(Russian: He is boxing)

Important!

When using an auxiliary verb does to form negation in Present Simple (3rd person singular) main verb loses ending -(e)s: doesn't go, doesn't watch, doesn't play

This is due to the fact that the auxiliary verb does already has an ending -es, and there is no need to use it in the main verb. Below are 10 more examples of negative Present Simple sentences.

Examples of negative sentences in Present Simple with translation:

Sentence in English	Translation	Sentence in English	Translation
I don't know. = I don’t know..	I don't know.	He doesn't know. = He doesn’t know.	He does not know.
We don't love cats. = We don't love cats	We don't like cats.	She does not love cats. = She doesn’t love cats	She doesn't like cats.
Friends don't lie. = Friends don't lie	Friends don't lie	My friend does not lie. = My friend doesn’t lie.	My friend is not lying.
My parents do not speak German. = My parents don’t speak German.	My parents don't speak German.	He does not speak German. = He doesn’t speak Germa	He does not speak German. = He doesn’t speak Germa
I don't like rude people. = I don’t like rude people.	I don't like rude people.	My sister does not like rude people. = My sister doesn’t like rude people.	My sister doesn't like rude people.

Forms don't And doesn't, as you probably already guessed, are a shortened form of don't And does not.

Abbreviated forms don't And doesn't are used in colloquial speech, but it is better to give preference to the full form don't And does not.

Present Simple: interrogative sentences

Reference table for the formation of simple and special questions in the Present Simple and short answers

An auxiliary verb is also used to form questions in the Present Simple do(for 1st and 2nd person, 3rd person plural) or does(For he, she, it and for all nouns in the singular).

There are two types of questions: general and specific. General questions require a clear answer “Yes” or “No”, while specific ones are asked to clarify details and details.

Compare:

Do you like ice-cream? -Yes, I do(Russian. Do you like ice cream? - Yes)

Which ice-cream do you like? - Chocolate(Russian. What kind of ice cream do you like? - Chocolate)

Remember!

To ask a general question in the Present Simple, you need to use an auxiliary verb do/does before the subject. Remember that when using an auxiliary verb does, ending -(e)s disappears at the main verb.

For example:

Do you live in Rostov?(Russian. Do you live in Rostov?)

Do they go to school?(Russian: Do they go to school?)

Does your brother have a car?(rus. Does your brother have a car?, dos. Does your brother have a car?)

Does the cat eat mice?(Russian: Does this cat eat mice?)

Remember!

To ask a special question (Wh-question) in the Present Simple, you need to put a question word What, Where, When etc. comes first, followed by an auxiliary verb do/does, then the subject and the main verb in the infinitive form, that is, without ending -(e)s .

For example:

Where do you live?(Russian. Where do you live?)

When do they go to school?(Russian: When do they go to school?)

What car does your brother have?(Russian. What kind of car does your brother have?)

Why does the cat eat mice?(Russian. Why does this cat eat mice?)

Short answers to general questions in Present Simple are formed according to the following scheme: Yes/No+ subject in the form of a personal pronoun ( I, he, we, you, etc.) and auxiliary verb do/does for a positive answer or don"t/doesn"t for negative.

The auxiliary verb don"t/doesn"t in a short answer must be consistent with the subject: if they ask about your actions, then the answer will be about your actions, and not the actions of the interlocutor.

For example:

Do you love me?(Russian: Do you love me?) - Yes, I do(Russian: Yes, I love you) or No, I don't(Russian: No, I don’t like it)

Does your girlfriend like flowers?(Russian: Does your girlfriend like flowers?) - Yes, she does(Russian: Yes, he loves) or No, she doesn't(Russian: No, he doesn’t like)

Below are 10 more examples of Present Simple interrogative sentences.

Examples of interrogative sentences in Present Simple with translation:

The verb to be in the Present Simple

Conjugation of the verb to be in the present tense: affirmative form, negation, questions and short answers

Everyone is well aware that almost “every rule has exceptions.” This could not have happened without Present Simple Tense.

Below are the verb conjugation tables to be in affirmative, negative and interrogative forms in Present Simple:

Table: conjugation of the verb to be (am, is, are) in the present tense, statement

Table: conjugation of the verb to be (am, is, are) in the present tense, negation

Table: conjugation of the verb to be (am, is, are) in the present tense, questions

As you can see, verb to be conjugates by persons in the Present Simple and has its own forms am, is, are. It is the only verb in the English language that has its form depending on the person and number of the subject.

Rules for using Present Indefinite in English

The Present Simple is a tense that is often used to describe regular actions that occur in the present tense.

As we mentioned at the beginning of the article, Present Indefinite- this is a tense that we use not only to describe actions taking place in the present time.

It is a tense that can describe various actions, whether occurring regularly or once, occurring in the present or even those that will occur in the future.

So let's figure it out when to use Present Simple and what it conveys in English.

Present Simple for the present tense

Present Indefinite is often used to indicate repeated actions in the present tense.

1. Present Simple is used to indicate condition, regular, repetitive actions, habits, daily routine.

In this meaning, the Present Simple with a verb is often used adverbs of frequency(adverbs of frequency) designed to answer how often an action occurs:

100% always(Russian always)

85% usually(Russian usually)

60% often(Russian often)

50% sometimes(Russian sometimes)

10% hardly ever(Russian rarely)

0% never(Russian never)

You can find out more about the clue words for Present Simple in the article, but now let’s look at the examples:

2. We also use the Present Simple when we speak about scientific facts, laws of nature, generally accepted statements and known facts .