Nalidixic acid
Negro:: Dosage form
capsules, tablets
Negro:: Pharmacological action
Antibacterial agent. Suppresses DNA synthesis by inhibiting its polymerization. Effective against gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp., Friedlander's bacilli. It acts bactericidal or bacteriostatic (depending on the sensitivity of the microorganism and concentration). Strains of microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics and sulfonamides are sensitive. Inactive against gram-positive microorganisms and anaerobes. During treatment, microbial resistance may develop.
Negroes:: Indications
Pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis; gastrointestinal infections, cholecystitis, etc., caused by sensitive microorganisms. Prevention of infections during operations on the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Negroes:: Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, hepatic and/or renal failure, epilepsy, cerebral atherosclerosis (severe), pregnancy, children (up to 2 years), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Negro:: Side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastralgia, gastrointestinal bleeding, cholestasis; drowsiness, headache, blurred vision and color vision, diplopia, intracranial hypertension, dysphoria, myalgia; allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, angioedema). With long-term use, the following are possible: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, photosensitivity, convulsions.
Negroes:: Method of administration and dosage
Orally, 1 g 4 times a day, for 7 days. For longer treatment, the dose can be reduced to 0.5 g 4 times a day. For children - an initial daily dose of 60 mg/kg in 3-4 divided doses, maintenance - 30 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses.
Negroes:: Special instructions
During therapy, a false positive urine reaction to sugar is possible.
Negro:: Interaction
Should not be prescribed simultaneously with indirect anticoagulants. May have a depressant effect on the central nervous system, especially when used simultaneously with ethanol or other drugs that depress the central nervous system. Incompatible with nitrofurans.
Negram is an antibacterial drug, uroantiseptic, belonging to the quinolone group.
What is the composition and release form of the medication Negram?
The pharmaceutical industry produces the medicine in round tablets, they are slightly biconvex, their color is pinkish-brown, and there is a notch on one side. The active compound of Negram is represented by the so-called nalidixic acid in a dose of 500 mg.
The auxiliary substances of the uroantiseptic are: calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, potassium sorbate, microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, dye, corn starch, gelatinized starch, in addition, magnesium stearate.
The drug Negram is placed on strips, where there are eight tablets, they are packaged in cardboard packs. The shelf life of the medicine is three years. You can buy medicine after presenting a prescription.
What is the effect of Negram tablets?
The antibacterial drug Negram belongs to the quinolones. It has a bactericidal (kills bacteria) or bacteriostatic (slows down the development of microorganisms) effect, depending on the prescribed concentration of the drug. The mechanism of action is associated with the suppression of bacterial DNA biosynthesis by suppressing the process of so-called polymerization.
Negram is active against the following bacteria: Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., in addition, Shigella spp., as well as Klebsiella spp. Microorganisms that are resistant to sulfonamides, as well as antibiotics, are sensitive to this uroantiseptic.
What are the indications for use of the drug Negram?
Negram (tablets) instructions for use allow use for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory pathologies caused by microorganisms sensitive to uroantiseptics:
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The medicine is effective when diagnosed;
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For infectious pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
In addition, Negram is prescribed as a prophylaxis for infectious complications during operations on the kidneys, ureters, and also after surgery on the bladder.
What are the contraindications for use of the product for Negroes?
The instructions for use do not allow Negram tablets to be used in the following situations:
With impaired renal and liver function;
Up to 2 years;
Uroantiseptic is contraindicated for epilepsy;
During pregnancy;
In severe forms of cerebral atherosclerosis;
With a diagnosed deficiency of the so-called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
In addition, a drug from the quinolone group is not prescribed in case of hypersensitivity to the components of this medication.
What is the use and dosage of the Negram medicine?
The drug Negram is prescribed to adult patients one gram up to four times a day, treatment continues for seven days. When carrying out longer-term therapy, the dose of the drug can be reduced to 500 milligrams, also 4 times a day.
Children aged 2-12 years are prescribed a uroantiseptic in an initial daily dosage of 60 mg/kg body weight. Maintenance dosage - 30 mg/kg/day. The medication is taken three or four times a day, washing down the tablets with the proper amount of water.
The quinolone drug Negram should not be used in conjunction with drugs related to indirect anticoagulants. When uroantiseptic is prescribed simultaneously with ethanol or with drugs that suppress the central nervous system, the inhibitory effect on the nervous system can be significantly enhanced.
In addition, the drug Negram is incompatible with nitrofurans. Before you start using these tablets, you should consult a qualified professional.
Overdose from Negroes
Symptoms of an overdose of Negro: nausea, vomiting, confusion, diarrhea, psychotic reactions are characteristic, convulsions develop, and the formation of metabolic acidosis is possible.
Treatment for an overdose of uroantiseptic is as follows: urgent gastric lavage, the prescription of symptomatic therapy, and if necessary, the patient is hospitalized in a hospital.
What are the side effects of Negram?
I will list which Negram causes side effects: myalgia, nausea, vomiting, damage to cartilage tissue, diarrhea, gastralgia, arthralgia are possible, gastrointestinal bleeding is noted, allergic reactions are possible, cholestasis, convulsions develop, increased liver enzymes, drowsiness, except In addition, skin rash, headache, itching, and blurred vision.
Among other adverse reactions that are provoked by taking Negram tablets, one can note: impaired color vision, double vision, intracranial hypertension, psychotic reactions are characteristic, renal failure is observed, hemolytic anemia is noted, thrombocytopenia is possible, in addition, photosensitivity, as well as leukopenia .
If a patient develops adverse reactions to the use of a quinolone medication, they should promptly consult a doctor, and the doctor should prescribe the necessary symptomatic treatment.
Special instructions
If the course of treatment with Negram lasts more than two weeks, it is important to monitor liver and kidney function. While taking the pills, the patient is advised to avoid exposure to the sun for a long time.
How to replace Negro, what analogues should I use?
Nalidixic acid is also Nevigramon.
Conclusion
Negros should be used on the recommendation of a doctor.
NegramCompound
1 tablet contains:nalidixic acid 500 mg
Excipients: dye (E172), potassium sorbate, gelatinized starch, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, gelatin, corn starch, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose.
Pharmacological action
A drug with antimicrobial action from the quinolone group. Uroantiseptic. Shows activity against Shigella spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Friedlander's bacilli, as well as strains resistant to sulfonamides and antibiotics.Depending on the concentration of the pathogen and its sensitivity to the components of the drug, it exhibits a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect. The drug is ineffective against anaerobic and gram-positive bacteria. The mechanism of action is to stop the polymerization process of bacterial DNA and stop its synthesis. With prolonged use, resistance to the drug may develop.
Indications for use
Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system: urethritis, urethral syndrome, pyelonephritis, cystitis, inflammatory diseases of the prostate gland; gastrointestinal tract infections, cholecystitis. To prevent the development of infection during surgical procedures on the bladder, kidneys, and ureters.Directions for use
Inside. For adults, the initial dose is 1 g every 6 hours, 1 week, maintenance dose is 500 mg 4 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 4 g, in especially severe cases up to 6 g.For children over 2 years old, the initial dose is 60 mg/kg, maintenance dose is 30 mg/kg, every 6 hours.
Side effects
From the central nervous system: weakness, drowsiness, headache, increased intracranial pressure, diplopia, blurred vision and color vision, dysphoria, with prolonged use or use of large doses - convulsions, psychotic reactions.From the gastrointestinal tract: vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, cholestasis, gastralgia, gastrointestinal bleeding, changes in the activity of liver enzymes.
Allergic reactions: rash, itching, urticaria, Quincke's edema.
Hematopoietic disorders: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia.
From the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, myalgia, damage to articular cartilage in children.
From the excretory system: renal failure.
Skin reactions: photosensitivity.
Contraindications
Individual intolerance to the components of the drug, children under 2 years of age, pregnancy, cerebral atherosclerosis, epilepsy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, renal and liver failure.Pregnancy
Use during pregnancy is contraindicated. During lactation it is possible - in extreme cases, under the supervision of a doctor, when the need for use for the mother outweighs the risk of side effects in the child.Drug interactions
Compatible with nitrofurans.Incompatible with indirect anticoagulants, ethanol and drugs that depress the central nervous system.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose: increased side effects, dyspepsia, metabolic acidosis, convulsions, confusion, loss of consciousness, psychotic reactions.Treatment: gastric lavage with 3% sodium bicarbonate solution, elimination of dehydration, symptomatic therapy.
Release form
Tablets 500 mg: 56 pcs.Description: tablets are round, dark pink, biconvex, with a notch on one side.
Storage conditions
List B. Store in a cool place, out of reach of children. Shelf life - 3 years.Active ingredient:
Nalidixic acidAdditionally
When the course of treatment lasts more than 14 days, it is recommended to monitor renal and liver function.In patients with porphyria, it can cause an exacerbation of this disease. If severe adverse reactions occur, the drug should be discontinued.
False high levels of 17-ketosteroids in urine and a false positive reaction of urine to glucose are possible with the reduction method of determination. During the course of treatment you should not stay in the sun for a long time.
During the course of treatment with Negram, it is recommended to refrain from driving vehicles and other activities that require increased concentration.
Information about the drug is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to self-medication. Only a doctor can decide to prescribe the drug, as well as determine the dose and methods of its use.
Pharmacies often ask for inexpensive tablets for cystitis. “Negram” is one of these agents, which has an antibacterial effect and is part of the quinolone group. Preparation has a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect, which is due to the concentration of the pathogen and its sensitivity. Its effect is that by inhibiting the progress of polymerization, the synthesis of bacterial DNA is suppressed.
One tablet contains five hundred milligrams of nalidixic acid, and also contains such auxiliary elements as potassium sorbate, dye E172, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, starch, gelatin, corn starch, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Tablets are produced in a package of five hundred milligrams and in quantities fifty six pieces. Appearance: round, biconvex, dark pink in color, with a notch on one side. You need to store tablets for pyelonephritis in a cool place where children cannot enter. The drug is valid for three years.
Action from a pharmacological perspective
1. Pharmacodynamic parameters. (the active substance of Negram tablets) is a derivative of carboxylic acid, a chemotherapeutic agent related to gyrase inhibitors. It has a bactericidal effect on most gram-negative bacteria, and especially on E. Coli and species such as Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Proteus. The drug is effective against salmonella and shigella.
2. Pharmacokinetic characteristics. After preoral administration of the drug, nalidixic acid is absorbed almost completely, with bioavailability equal to ninety-six percent. The highest concentration in plasma occurs one to two hours after administration. Nalidixic acid is metabolized in the liver with the production of four metabolites. Only hydroxynalidixic acid has an antibacterial effect. Nalidixic acid penetrates heavily into organs and tissues. Most of it (about eighty to ninety percent) is excreted by the kidneys, and the rest through the intestines. This is confirmed by the instructions for use included with the drug “Negram”.
The concentration of the pathogen and its characteristic, such as sensitivity to the components of the drug, determine the nature of the effect: bactericidal or bacteriostatic. This drug is not effective against gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. With prolonged use, resistance to the tablets may develop.
What are the indications for the drug “Negram”? Let's figure it out.
When should it be used?
“Negros” is prescribed in the following cases:
Method of use
Negram tablets are taken orally. For adults, the starting dose is one gram every six hours. The treatment period is one week. For maintenance, you should consume five hundred milligrams four times a day. The maximum dose in twenty-four hours is four grams, if the case is especially severe - up to six grams. For children under two years old, an initial dose of sixty milligrams per kilogram of weight is recommended, a maintenance dose of thirty milligrams, tablets should be taken every six hours.
Side effects
The following adverse reactions are possible:
1. From the central nervous system: headache, drowsiness, weakness, increased intracranial pressure, visual defects, as well as color perception, diplopia, dysphoria, if used for a long time or in large doses, psychotic reactions and convulsions may occur.
2. From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, gastralgia, cholestasis, bleeding, changes in the activity of liver enzymes.
3. From the musculoskeletal system: myalgia, arthralgia, in children - damage to joint cartilage.
4. From the excretory system: kidney failure.
5. Allergic manifestations: urticaria, itching, Quincke's edema, rash.
6. Hematopoietic defects: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.
7. Skin reactions: photosensitivity.
Since the use of this drug can cause so many adverse reactions, these inexpensive tablets for cystitis have a number of contraindications.
To whom and in what cases is Negro contraindicated?
You should not use “Negram” if you are intolerant to any component of the drug, for children under two years of age, for pregnant women, for patients suffering from epilepsy, atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels of the head, deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney failure.
During lactation, taking Negram tablets is possible only in extreme cases and under the close supervision of a specialist, if the mother’s need for it is higher than the risk of unwanted effects in the child. When treated with this drug, nursing mothers noted changes in the color and consistency of their baby's stool. In these cases, it is recommended to give the child "Bifidumbacterin", since part of the drug enters the child's body along with mother's milk, which means that dysbiosis may develop.
Do these tablets help against pyelonephritis, and can they be given to children?
The use of "Negram" for the treatment of children
This medicine is prescribed to children after they reach two years of age. At the beginning of treatment, the dose is sixty milligrams per kilogram of the child’s weight, the maintenance dosage is reduced to thirty milligrams. These calculations apply to children aged two to twelve years. The daily dose should be divided into three or four times.
Interaction with other drugs
Negram tablets can be combined with nitrofurans. But in treatment with nitrofurazides, the use of the drug is strictly contraindicated. In addition, "Negram" is not prescribed simultaneously with anticoagulants, since this can cause bleeding of the mucous membranes of the intestines and stomach.
Overdose
Possible signs of overdose: increased side effects, metabolic acidosis, dyspepsia, confusion and loss of consciousness, convulsions, psychotic reactions.
In such cases, therapy is carried out by gastric lavage with a 3% sodium bicarbonate solution, symptomatic treatment and elimination of dehydration.
"Negro" reviews
"Negro" has positive reviews. Based on the information obtained during the surveys, we can talk about its high effectiveness and rapid relief of acute manifestations of inflammatory and infectious conditions. Also, as advantages of the drug, patients name its availability and low price, which ranges from 150 rubles per package. As a disadvantage of the drug, patients mention only one side effect - a drowsy state after using the drug.
Additional Notes
If the course of treatment lasts more than two weeks, it is necessary to monitor liver and kidney functions. If the patient has severe renal failure, it is not recommended to use Negram tablets, since it is predominantly excreted in the urine, and if creatinine clearance is low, it accumulates in the body. During therapy you should not be in direct sunlight. If the patient has porphyria, then nalidixic acid may contribute to the relapse of this disease. In relation to children and adolescents, the drug may have an effect on temporary cartilage, and if signs of arthralgia appear, treatment should be stopped.
Registration Certificate Holder:
KRKA d.d.
ATX code for Negram
J01MB02 (Nalidixic acid)
Analogues of the drug according to ATC codes:
Before using NEGRAM you should consult your doctor. These instructions for use are for informational purposes only. For more complete information, please refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
Clinical and pharmacological group
06.037 (Antibacterial drug of the quinolone group. Uroantiseptic)
Release form, composition and packaging
The tablets are round, slightly biconvex, brownish-pink in color, scored on one side.
| 1 tab. | |
| 500 mg |
Excipients: calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, dye (E172), corn starch, gelatin, potassium sorbate, gelatinized starch, magnesium stearate.
8 pcs. - strips (7) - cardboard packs.
Pharmacological action
Antibacterial drug from the quinolone group. It has a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect depending on the sensitivity of the pathogen and concentration. The mechanism of action is to suppress bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting the polymerization process.
Active against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. Strains of microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics and sulfonamides are sensitive to the drug.
Not active against gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria.
NEGRO: DOSAGE
The drug is prescribed to adults 1 g 4 times a day for 7 days. For longer treatment, the dose can be reduced to 500 mg 4 times a day.
Children aged 2-12 years are prescribed an initial daily dose of 60 mg/kg body weight; The maintenance dose is 30 mg/kg/day. The daily dose should be taken in 3-4 doses.
Overdose
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, in more severe cases - disturbances of consciousness, confusion, psychotic reactions, convulsions, metabolic acidosis.
Treatment: gastric lavage, restoration of water and electrolyte balance, symptomatic therapy.
Drug interactions
Negros should not be prescribed simultaneously with indirect anticoagulants.
When Negram is used simultaneously with ethanol or drugs that depress the central nervous system, the depressant effect on the central nervous system may be enhanced.
Negram is incompatible with nitrofurans.
Pregnancy and lactation
The use of the drug during pregnancy is contraindicated. During lactation it should be used with caution, only in cases where the expected therapeutic effect for the mother exceeds the potential risk of side effects in the infant.
NEGRO: SIDE EFFECTS
From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastralgia, gastrointestinal bleeding, cholestasis, increased activity of liver enzymes.
From the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: drowsiness, headache, dysphoria, visual impairment and color vision, diplopia, intracranial hypertension; with prolonged use - convulsions; when used in high doses - psychotic reactions.
From the musculoskeletal system: myalgia, damage to articular cartilage and arthralgia in children and adolescents.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, angioedema.
From the hematopoietic system: with prolonged use, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hemolytic anemia are possible.
Dermatological reactions: with prolonged use - photosensitivity.
Other: renal failure.
Storage conditions and periods
List B. The drug should be stored out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life - 3 years.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
The drug is available with a prescription.
Indications
Treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug, including:
Pyelonephritis;
Urethritis;
Prostatitis;
Gastrointestinal infections;
Cholecystitis.
Prevention of infectious complications during surgical interventions on the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Contraindications
Liver dysfunction;
Impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min);
Epilepsy;
Severe form of cerebral atherosclerosis;
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency;
Children under 2 years of age;
Pregnancy;
Hypersensitivity to nalidixic acid and other quinolones.
Special instructions
If the course of treatment lasts more than 2 weeks, liver and kidney function should be monitored.
In case of severe side effects from the central nervous system (increased intracranial pressure, psychotic reactions, convulsions) or allergic reactions (skin rash, photosensitivity), Negram should be discontinued.
Treatment with Negram should be interrupted if arthralgia occurs in children and adolescents.
Prescription of Negram may cause an exacerbation of porphyria in patients with this disease.
While taking the drug Negram, patients are advised to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun.
With the use of Negram, a false-positive urine reaction to glucose is possible with the reduction method of determination, as well as falsely high levels of 17-ketosteroids in the urine.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
During the period of treatment with Negram, you should refrain from engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Use for renal impairment
Contraindicated in case of impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min). If the course of treatment lasts more than 2 weeks, kidney function should be monitored.
Use for liver dysfunction
Contraindicated in case of liver dysfunction. If the course of treatment lasts more than 2 weeks, liver function should be monitored.
