Lesson topic:Difficult words. Connecting vowels o and e in compound words.
Goals: know the methods of forming complex words, the condition for choosing connecting vowels O and E; develop spelling vigilance, communication skills, interest in the subject; cultivate a sense of friendship, collectivism, and the ability to conduct educational dialogue
Equipment: presentation , cards.
During the classes:
I. Organizational moment
introduction
The guys, before starting the lesson, looked at each other and smiled.
I wish you all good luck, that our lesson will be kind and bright
II. Updating knowledge
Task: Set up students to perceive new material, repeat material about ways to form words.
Exercise: Read the poem “Merry Poems” and tell how words are formed in the Russian language.
How words grow
Once upon a time many years ago
They planted a strange one garden.
There was no fruit garden -
He was only a word.
This word is the root word,
It began to grow soon
And it brought us fruit -
There are many new words.
Here from garden
To you seedling.
Here's another landings near.
And here gardener.
With him gardener coming.
Very interesting
Walk in garden verbal.
(A.E.IzmailoV)
III Working on a new topic .
1.Video “Complex words in Russian”
2. Determining the topic of the lesson. Write down the numbers and topics of the lesson in your notebook. Compound words. Connecting vowels o and e in compound words.
- What is the topic of our lesson?
The words pedestrian, electric locomotive, steamship, airplane are complex words. They are formed:
adding whole words: boarding school;
stems of words with a connecting vowel: steamship;
parts of a word stem with a whole word: kindergarten;
abbreviated basics: Theater for Young Spectators - Youth Theater.
In compound words, connective O is written after hard consonants, and the connective e– after soft consonants, sibilants and ts.
For example: oil pipeline, airplane, bird catcher.
We found out which words are called complex, and learned that in the formation of complex words two connecting vowels O and E are involved.
There is also the letter I, which plays this role, but with it we will meet when we study numerals, for example: six-year-olds, so we stayed ABOUT And E. They will be the guests of our lesson today.
(Words are written on the board)
Climber←top, climb
Oil pipeline ← oil, conduct
Pedestrian ← pedestrian, walk
Vegetable cutter ← vegetables, cut
Poultry farm ← poultry, factory
3. Preparation for the perception of the topic. Task: solve riddles
Floats boldly in the sky,
Overtaking birds in flight.
Man controls it.
What's happened? (AIRPLANE)
Swims bravely through the waves,
Without slowing down.
Only the hum of the car is important,
What's happened? (STEAMBOAT)
Every day comes out in the morning
On your daily hike.
Must know all the rules
On the roads... (pedestrian)
What is this method of forming words called?
- Can you guess what such words might be called?
4.Working with the textbook Exercise 5 Page 75 From each pair of words, make a compound word, write it down, underline the connecting vowel o or e. Explain your choice. 5.Task: Find antonyms for these words and explain the choice of connecting vowel.
A lazy student is a hard worker.
A serious young man is frivolous.
Monotonous movement - diverse.
A hostile attitude is a friendly one.
6. Fiznutka
7. Task:
For the words in the left column, select words that are suitable in meaning from the right column. Write down a complex word, graphically indicating the choice of connecting vowel.
| Right | conduct |
|
8.Crossword
(Each student receives a card with a crossword puzzle and fills it out independently).
1. Specialist in growing gardens.
2. Locomotive with a steam engine.
3. Channel for smoke exit from the chimney.
4. Russian folk dance game.
5. Forest felled by a storm.
6. Unplanned, spontaneous performance of some business or work.
7. Firearms.
9. Vocabulary work
MANAGER is a specialist who is involved in organizing production or commercial activities, organizing foreign trade operations; conducts commercial negotiations.
10. Game "Purchasing Manager"
Imagine that you are a purchasing manager. Make a list Vehicle, in the name of which there would be connecting vowels o - e.
Imagine that you are a manager at a labor exchange. Make a list of professions and occupations needed by our aul, region, which would have the connecting vowels e-o
11. “Silent dictation.” Write the names from the pictures
12. Creative work.
Task: replace the words with one complex word. (Do it orally).
| (tea party) |
||
| help mutually | (mutual aid) |
|
| love work | (hard work) |
|
| people of the same surname | (namesakes) |
|
| one who walks | (a pedestrian) |
|
| senior class | (high school student) |
13. Working with cards. check yourself
|
|
IV . Pin a topic
Operational control.
Test “True and false statements.”
I make statements, if you agree with him, clap your hands, if you don’t agree, stomp your feet.
1. Compound words are all long words.
2. If the first root ends in a hard consonant, then we write the connecting vowel –O-.
3. After the letters – Ж – and – Ш – it is written – О-.
4. Words that have 2 roots are called complex.
5. In the words gardener, diver, the connecting vowel is -O-.
6. If the first root ends in a soft consonant, then write the connecting vowel -E-.)
VI. Summarizing.
Grading.
Homework: Write riddles in which the answers are complex words
As service morphemes, connecting vowels (interfixes) o/e are distinguished only in the derived stems of complex words. This property sharply distinguishes them from suffixes and prefixes, which can be both complex and in simple words. Unlike suffixes and prefixes, which can be both word-forming and formative affixes, connecting vowels o/e are specifically word-forming morphemes. Unlike suffixes and prefixes, which always (if they are regular) have a certain lexical and grammatical meaning, connecting vowels o!e have a meaning that acts as a purely word-formative one and is reduced to expressing the idea of connection. In terms of their semantics (completely independent, unlike the meaning of suffixes and prefixes from the forming stems), the connecting vowels o/e are similar connecting unions.
IN in some cases connecting vowels o/e acquire the character of semantically empty sounds that appear in a word only
for phonetic reasons. So, if in the words reinforced concrete, fisherman, dried fruits the connecting vowel o is a copular morpheme conditioned certain rules word formation (the addition of complete stems and words is carried out, as a rule, with the help of connecting vowels), then in the word technoruk it, from a word-formation point of view, is an illegal phenomenon (for the addition of abbreviated stems is carried out without the help of connecting vowels o/e; cf.: political instructor, military instructor, physical instructor) and has no meaning. The sound o here is only a means to avoid an unpronounceable combination of consonants (technruk - technoruk).
Connecting vowels o/e most often act as phonetically determined variants: if the first stem of the addition ends in a paired hard consonant, then o acts as a connecting vowel (mortar mixer, water carrier, etc.); if the first stem of the addition ends in a soft consonant, a hard hissing or c, then the connecting vowel e is used (sailor, pedestrian, sheep farmer, etc.). The appearance of e after hard sibilants and c is historically justified: the hissing zh, sh and c were soft in the Old Russian language and hardened only in the 14th-15th centuries, when the noted word-formation rule for the use of o/e was already a strong tradition.
However, in a number of complex words, the first stem of which ends in a soft consonant n, p, t or v, in place of the expected e there is an “illegal” o: hitching post, trapper, animal-like, stonecutter, quarry, ambition, lust for power, carnivore, carnivore, blood circulation, bloodsucker, bloodthirsty, chant, fabulist, etc. Next to this kind of words, there are also words where, after the same first stem, the connecting vowel e naturally appears: horse breeder, stud farm, stone processing, stone-cutting, bone-crushing, blood-bearing, songwriting, etc. etc. All these words are much later formations than their related words in the first base with the connecting vowel o.
The undivided dominance of the word-formation model with o/e in the production of complex words is evidenced, first of all, by the large number and variety of types of additions with o/e compared to additions without a connecting vowel. Almost all neoplasms complex nature, appeared in Lately(both among nouns and among adjectives; in the sphere of the verb there is no method of addition) are words with connecting vowels o/e.
Connecting vowels o/e must be clearly distinguished from phenomena that outwardly resemble them. Thus, the words little-used, wild-growing, following, etc., arising using the lexical-syntactic method of word formation (about it, see § 31), do not contain connecting vowels: o/e in them are adverbial suffixes (o - word-forming, e - formative). In the words car factory, bicycle race, auto regulator, weather report, o is the same integral part of the abbreviated stems (automobile, bicycle, automatic, meteorological) as the consonants f, t, r in the words trade union, party active, salary. Phonetically, connecting vowels o/e are characterized by unstress. In complex words, stress is always observed on root morphemes (vacuum cleaner, water supply, frost-resistant, mechanical engineering, etc.).
Connecting vowels o/e as significant parts of a word can, naturally, be isolated only if the analyzed word is recognized as complex. If a word has undergone a process of simplification or re-decomposition, then it does not contain any copular morphemes. Thus, connecting vowels in the words pandemonium no longer stand out as significant morphemes (it arose through ellipsis based on phraseological turn Babel), porcupine (the addition of wild and image), horizons (the addition of circle and zor - from seeing), psychologist, library, etc. There is no connecting vowel in some complex words that have experienced the process of dropping one of the syllables, for example: tabakur, standard-bearer ( originally tobacco smoker, standard bearer).
Examples of compound words (with two roots) with connecting vowels e, o?
- naked
- dry-footedness (let me explain - this is about Kshesinskaya, then the meaning of the word will immediately become clear)
- asshole (in the context of the word police, very successful, isn’t it?)
- scream-lipped
- golden-mouthed
- heartman
- Kash E var (porridge + cook)
- Birds E catch (bird + catch)
- Pesh E move (on foot + walk)
- Rain E measures (rain + measure)
- Fervor E suck (dust + suck)
- Birds E catch (bird + catch)
- Birds E factory (poultry + factory)
- Oil E wire (oil + conduct)
- Vegetable E storage (vegetable + store)
- Put E procession (path + procession)
- Myself ABOUT cook (yourself + cook)
- Waters ABOUT pad (water + fall)
- Ice ABOUT count (ld + prick)
- Language ABOUT Ved (language + know)
- Snow ABOUT fall (snow + fall)
- Vert ABOUT lt (vertical + fly)
- Glass ABOUT cutting (glass + cutting)
- Concrete ABOUT mixer (concrete + stir)
- Beast ABOUT catch (beast + catch)
- House ABOUT sed (at home + sit)
bird catcher
meat grinder
bread maker
potato peeler
shipwreck
copse
mousetrap
housewife
dump truck
snowfall
florist
rock climber
whirlpool
dizziness
concrete mixer
quarry
Solstice, home building, horticultural, wound healing, pain reliever, shipbuilding, philanthropy, gratitude, cornerstone, vacuum cleaner, mutual understanding, law-abiding, video, selfless.
The vowel letter E connects the following compound words:
bird catcher,
color rendering,
TV show,
teleconference,
poultry farm,
all-terrain vehicle,
solstice,
coffee maker,
earthquake,
courtier.
And the connecting vowel letter O is in the words:
reinforced concrete,
railway,
double boiler,
pig farm,
bookseller,
gas welding,
sweetener.
Examples of compound words (with two roots) with connecting vowels e:
- mousetrap;
- navigator;
- a pedestrian;
- mud therapy;
- vacuum cleaner;
- vegetable store;
- steelmaker;
- shipwreck;
- pipeline;
- bird catcher;
- poultry farm;
surveyor.
- fresh frozen;
- cook;
- bird catcher
Examples of compound words (with two roots) with connecting vowels o:
- walker;
- samovar;
- nuclear powered ship;
- snow blower;
- airplane
- cubic meter;
- starfall;
- new building;
- bark beetle;
- hard work;
- water pipes
- logging;
- namesakes;
- mutual assistance;
- helicopter
- electric polisher
In fact, there are a lot of words that are formed from two simple ones with the help of connecting vowels. Choose almost any simple word that denotes an object and add to it a word that denotes an action, and you will get a complex word out of it.
- M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks In Russian. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
- G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008
- Rus.1september.ru ().
- Gramma.ru ().
- 5klass.net ().
- School-collection.edu.ru ().
- Oldskola1.narod.ru ().
- Solve spelling problems.
- Find complex words and show their structure.
- Read an excerpt from the story by V. Astafiev. Find difficult words, describe their meaning and highlight the roots.
It is not interesting to list ordinary everyday words for everyone, so I will give not just examples, but words invented, for example, by the poet Mayakovsky. Some of them have successfully entered our language.
So, the connecting letter O:
Connecting E:
Many writers came up with their own words, but most of Mayakovsky’s words were born in pain, suffered through suffering, they add emotionality and expressiveness to his works.
However, I cannot help but mention one more word. It was invented by Saltykov-Shchedrin. Very appropriate for our times - stupidity.
The word birdsElov is formed from bird and catch;
The word lesOzagotovka is formed from forest and logging;
The word frost-resistant is formed from frost and persistent;
The word vegetable storehouse is formed from vegetable and storage;
The word leaffall is derived from leaf and fall;
The word earthquake is formed from earth and shaking;
The word smoke and walk is formed from smoke and walk;
The word languageKnowledge is formed from language and knowledge;
The word forest-steppe is formed from forest and steppe;
The word ice-hod is derived from ice and walk;
The word fishOlov is formed from fish and catch;
The word birdsEfactory is formed from bird and factory.
Words with a connecting vowel -o-:
Latin American, North Sea, Western Ural, dark-haired, beet grower, short-haired, white marble, helicopter, gas pipeline, iron foundry, mechanical assembly, sulfuric acid, low-grade, steam locomotive, East Slavic, black-browed, pointed-topped, pale-faced, narrow-eyed, forest-steppe, plumber, bread cutter, hay harvester, juicer, legislator, self-esteem, gas cylinder.
Words with a connecting vowel -e-:
love of life, blood filling, oil pipeline, shrew, dredge, Far Eastern, friendly, mud bath, dust collector, cook, vegetable grower, thousand ruble, blue-eyed, Old Russian, millennium, earthquake, potato harvester, steelmaker, horse breeder, stone crusher.
Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -e-
Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -o-
Words with two roots with a connective vowel -e, -o, found in compound nouns. Such words are written together.
For example, a steamship, electric welding, a reservoir. Here the connecting vowel is -o.
It is written after the stems with a hard consonant. This also includes the words
Connecting vowel -e. It is written after the stems on a soft, sibilant consonant and ts(pedestrian, heartbeat, farming, weather report, etc.)
There is an exception: after the base, a soft consonant can also have a vowel -o. For example, - hitching post, (although horse), range finder, (although distant). The spelling of such words is most often determined by the dictionary.
Connecting vowel E(example words):
everywhereGod,
ubiquitous,
stoneQuarry,
solstice.
Connecting vowel O(example words):
camera,
autoColumn,
concrete mixer,
Light-emitting diode,
electric saw,
doughStirrer,
Rice. 2. Nikolay Dobronravov ()
Compound words name people by profession.
Commander- leads the regiments, the roots of the regiment-, water-,
fabulist- writes fables, roots fable-, write-,
beekeeper- breeds bees, bee roots-, water-,
plumber- conducts water, roots water-, water-, prefix pro-,
steelmaker- cooks steel, roots steel-, var-,
bird catcher- catches birds, roots of birds-, catch-, the first root ends in ts, we write e.
Listen to the text, determine how many difficult words there are.
Moscow was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow was first a wooden fortress, surrounded by a palisade made of logs. The oak walls of the Kremlin were replaced by white stone ones. It was then that Moscow received a name for all times - white stone. And also golden-domed, with golden heads, domes of temples. Chistoprudny Boulevard is one of the old streets in the center of Moscow.
Dolgoruky- long hands, roots debt-, hands-,
stockade- a fence made of tightly driven stakes, the roots are frequent, count,
white stone- built from white stone, roots white-, stone-,
golden-headed- with golden heads, roots of gold-, heads-,
Chistoprudny- clean ponds, clean roots, pond-.
This is how we compiled the transcriptions of complex words:
In place of the letters of the connecting vowels O, E, the spelling is: a letter in place of an unstressed vowel sound.
Why is the bird called that? The redstart is so named for its tail. He is red and trembles all the time. Therefore, it seems that the tail flashes with a light, as if it is burning. (see Fig.3)
Rice. 3. Redstart ()
The rudd fish is very beautiful. Her back is green, her sides have golden scales with a brown border on the sides. Eyes are orange, lips are yellow. The fish got its nickname for the color of its fins. (According to N. Osipov) (see Fig. 4)
Rice. 4. Rudd ()
A blade of grass grows, straight, strong, and at the end of it a green brush sticks up. This is what a foxtail looks like. Of course, such a tail is too small even for a fox cub, but it still looks like a tail. (see Fig.5)
Rice. 5. Foxtail ()
The water strider is the name given to an insect that runs quickly through the water, as if it wants to measure the distance. (see Fig.6)
Rice. 6. Water strider ()
A compound word consisting of two roots gory- and tail-. Similar words: burn, tail.
A compound word consisting of two roots: red- and per-. Similar words: red, feathers.
Roots fox-, tail-. Related words: fox, tail.
Roots water-, mer-. Water, measure.
In the lesson you learned that words that have two roots are called complex. Most often, roots in complex words are connected by vowel letters o or e. These letters are called connecting vowel letters. The letter o is written after hard consonants, e - after soft consonants and unpaired hard ones: zh, sh, ts. For example, couch potato, pedestrian, bird catcher.
Steam_vozny, leaf_pad, porridge, russula, one_indigenous, dishwasher, white_manes, braided, homemade, earth_quake.
...Dragonflies fly and dance,
The cheerful ones lead a round dance.
A. Tolstoy
People have known for a long time:
The fly agaric is inedible.
V. Zhulzhin
Mukhtar was the same color and appearance as Trezor, but his character was different from him. If Trezor is cunning and stupid, then his brother was hardworking, strict, angry and therefore sat on a chain. And such a life was bitter for him, free, impetuous, fleet-footed.
From two or even three words you can form a new word. This method of forming new words is called addition, and the words themselves are called complex. To understand where the roots are in a complex word, you must first correctly determine its meaning. For example, a steamship is not one that sails in pairs, but a ship that sails in pairs. Or a mousetrap is not a dexterous mouse, but a trap for mice.
There are words that look like complex words, but in fact they only have one root, and it emerges clearly after finding the meaning of the word. For example, yellowish is not yellow wool, but slightly yellow, the root is one (yellow), and ovat is a suffix. Or the greatest is not great tea, but simply very great.
Let's work on determining the meaning of words with two roots
Vacuum cleaner: A machine for removing dust by sucking it in with a stream of air.
Rhinoceros: A large southern mammal with one or two horns on the front of the muzzle.
Dump truck: A truck with a mechanically tipping body.
Scooter: Early 20th century: military name for a bicycle, a mechanical vehicle.
Scooter: Now: For children: a bar for riding with a standing handle on wheels or rollers.
Helicopter: A heavier-than-air aircraft with vertical take-off and landing, with a horizontal rotor “propeller”.
Airplane: A heavier-than-air aircraft with a power plant and a wing that produces lift.
(Interpretation taken from Explanatory dictionary Ozhegova)
Otherwise, a vacuum cleaner is something that sucks dust. Roots dust, suck.
Rhinoceros is an animal with a horn on its nose. Roots nose, horn.
A dump truck is a machine that dumps its own cargo. The roots themselves and the shaft. The C in front of the second root is a prefix.
A scooter is a device that rolls itself. Roots yourself, cat.
A helicopter is a vehicle that flies vertically. Roots vert, years.
An airplane is a device that flies itself. Root yourself, fly.
Examples of words with two roots and connectives o, e
Motorcade, motor rally, concrete mixer, chainsaw, water pipe, waterfall, water strider, all-terrain vehicle, helicopter, diver, trapper, starfall, digger, cook, bark beetle, icebreaker, lumberjack, centipede, mousetrap, meat grinder, oil pipeline, steamship, vacuum cleaner, machine gun, pedestrian, esophagus, bird catcher, fisherman, samovar, airplane, scooter, dump truck, steel worker, snowfall, glass cutter, diesel locomotive, camera, bread maker, electric locomotive.
The connecting vowel -e is written after the stems on the consonant soft, hissing and c (pedestrian, heartbeat, agriculture, etc.). There is an exception: after the stem, a soft consonant can also have a vowel -o. For example, a hitching post, (though a horse), a range finder, (even though there is a distance). The spelling of such words is most often determined by the dictionary.
The connecting vowel -o is written after the stem on a hard consonant.
Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -e-
kashEvar (porridge + cook)
birdsCatch (bird + catch)
pedestrian (walking + walking)
rain gauge (rain + measure)
vacuum cleaner (dust + suction)
poultry factory (poultry + factory)
oil pipeline (oil + conduct)
vegetable storage (vegetable + store)
journey (path + walk)
mousetrap
navigator
mudTreatment
becameEvar
shipwreck
surveyor
FreshFrozen
everywhereGod
ubiquitous
solstice
Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -o-
samovar (yourself + cook)
waterfall (water + fall)
iceOkol (ice + crush)
languageOved (language + know)
SnowFall (snow + fall)
helicopter (vertical + fly)
glass cutter (glass + cut)
concreteMixer (concrete + stir)
ZverOlov (beast + catch)
houseSidden (at home + sit)
camera
autoColumn
Light-emitting diode
electric saw
testStirrer
Another list of difficult words with two roots and even three
