Excision hemorrhoids– a traditional surgical operation, which is performed at such stages of the development of the disease when low-traumatic techniques are no longer indicated.
Traditional surgery is a serious procedure, which is characterized by a record low percentage of pathological recurrences. Doctors recommend removing pathological elements in a timely manner - this will completely restore health and prevent the development of numerous complications of hemorrhoids.
Surgical removal of nodes in City Clinical Hospital No. 31 is performed under anesthesia in a hospital setting. To guarantee the success of the operation, you should first cleanse the intestines and follow all the doctor’s recommendations during the rehabilitation period.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of hemorrhoids is necessary to establish the number and location of pathological elements, the presence of complications and concomitant diseases rectum.
Enlarged hemorrhoids are often combined with other pathologies:
proctitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the terminal intestine);
rectal polyps;
malignant tumor.
The necessary amount of information can be obtained using If there is a suspicion of damage to the overlying parts of the large intestine,
If the proctologist decides on surgical intervention, all standard examinations will be needed:
general tests urine and blood,
coagulogram,
tests for blood-borne infections,
ECG, consultation with a therapist, anesthesiologist and gynecologist (for women).
Types of surgical interventions
All types of surgical interventions for hemorrhoids can be divided into two large groups: minimally invasive (non-surgical) techniques and traditional operations to remove hemorrhoids.
Low-traumatic interventions carried out without using surgical scalpel. The main mechanism of action of such techniques is the cessation of blood supply to the node. As a result, the pathological element decreases in size.
Low-traumatic methods include:
(gluing of vessel surfaces under the influence of intravenously administered sclerotant);
ligation of the node with latex rings;
radio wave coagulation.
These methods are characterized by a short recovery period with minimal side effects. However, they are not suitable for everyone. In cases where minimally invasive techniques cannot be used, proctologists turn to surgical excision of hemorrhoids.
Indications for traditional surgical methods
Surgical removal of chronically enlarged hemorrhoids is carried out when minimally invasive techniques are technically difficult to implement or are doomed to failure due to increased risk development of relapse.
The most popular indications for excision with a scalpel:
Stage IV of the disease (the nodes cannot be moved into the rectal cavity);
Stage III with large nodes (hemorrhoids can be reduced by hand in a warm bath);
a significant number of pathological elements;
the presence of complications (necrosis, thrombosis, bleeding, etc.).
Decision on surgical excision accepted individually. This takes into account the condition of the terminal intestine and adjacent organs, as well as the age and general health of the patient. To clarify all the data, it will be necessary to undergo a diagnostic examination.
Contraindications
The operation will have to be postponed in any case acute illness
or exacerbation of chronic disease.
Patients with severe obese Preliminarily recommended to lose weight.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy treated conservatively, since there is a high probability of healing after the end of the child's feeding period.
Some relative contraindications may be:
___ bleeding disorders;
___ colon oncology;
___ diabetes;
___ cirrhosis of the liver;
___ unstable angina;
___ recovery period after injuries, surgeries, etc.
Surgical intervention can be performed after stabilization of the condition and consultation with a medical specialist (cardiologist, endocrinologist, hematologist, hepatologist, etc.).
It must be remembered that only a doctor can assess the indications and contraindications and decide on the need for surgery. If you have questions about choosing a treatment method, be sure to consult a proctologist!
Preparing for hemorrhoid excision
1. Diet
Diet is necessary to fully cleanse the intestines and prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions. Three days before surgical intervention Banned are foods that contribute to the formation of gases in the intestines, as well as dishes that can negatively affect stool:
legumes;
cabbage;
fresh vegetables and fruits;
juices, mineral water, alcohol;
sweet dishes;
spices, marinades, pickles;
rice, semolina;
smoked products.
The last meal should be no later than 12 hours before surgery, and the last drink of water no later than 8 hours.
2. What needs to be done
If you are undergoing anesthesia, you must visit dentist. Sick and loose teeth should be removed.
During the consultation with the operating surgeon, you need to talk about the cases drug intolerance. If you are forced to use any medications, be sure to tell your doctor.
Three days before surgery you need to stop taking any medications that affect blood clotting (ibuprofen, aspirin, birth control pills).
On the eve of the operation cleanse the intestines using a saline laxative such as Fortrans, which is taken at about four o’clock in the evening. It will be necessary to prepare a solution in accordance with the weight according to the formula specified in the instructions and drink one glass every fifteen minutes (3-4 hours). Bowel movements will begin a maximum of two hours after drinking the last glass of solution.
The procedure can be replaced by a double cleansing with an enema (in the evening and in the morning three hours before the operation) or a Microlax microenema.
How is hemorrhoidal excision performed?
1. Open hemorrhoidectomy
Open hemorrhoidectomy is the most “ancient” traditional operation, which was first performed in the 30s of the last century by proctologists Milligan and Morgan.
Milligan-Morgan operation It is performed under general anesthesia, less often - under local anesthesia. The patient is positioned on the couch in a supine position, with the legs fixed on supports in an elevated position.
Hemorrhoidectomy is performed using a speculum and anoscope. The surgeon grabs the internal nodules and turns them out along with the surrounding tissue. The node is removed after cutting the skin and suturing the feeding vessel.
A characteristic feature of the method: the surfaces of the wound are not sutured - hence the name “open hemorrhoidectomy”. After the operation is completed, the surgeon installs a tampon with an antiseptic and a wound healing agent.
The patient remains in the hospital for 5-7 days. Stool softeners and healing tablets are prescribed.
2. Closed hemorrhoidectomy
Closed hemorrhoidectomy is a modified Milligan-Morgan operation, first performed in the middle of the last century by surgeon Ferguson.
Ferguson surgery can be performed under general or local anesthesia. When the anesthetic relaxes the anal sphincter, the surgeon inserts an anal speculum there. Subsequently, closed hemorrhoidectomy in general terms repeats the Milligan-Morgan technique: the vascular base of the hemorrhoid is sutured and bandaged.
Then the knot is removed, and the wound surface is sutured with catgut thread, which subsequently resolves. The average length of hospital stay after a Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy is 5 days.
In the postoperative period, painkillers and mild laxatives are prescribed. There is no need to remove the sutures, since the thread will dissolve on its own.
3. Parkes' operation
Another modification of the Milligan-Morgan operation was proposed in the middle of the last century by the English proctologist Parks.
Surgery is performed under anesthesia. The patient lies on his back with his limbs apart. The surgeon dissects the mucous membrane located above the nodule, a ligature is applied to the base of the nodule and stitched with thread.
Then the pathological element is removed, the thread is pulled, and the edges of the mucous membrane are sewn together. Thus Parkes hemorrhoidectomy is a kind of plastic surgery.
Upon completion of the intervention, a tampon with medicinal substances. To prevent sphincter spasm it is used mechanical expansion anus.
After a Parkes hemorrhoidectomy, the patient must fast to delay bowel movements, which threaten the sutures. Subsequently, a gentle diet is indicated to ensure timely soft stools.
Advantages and disadvantages of the Milligan-Morgan, Ferguson and Parkes methods
With the Milligan-Morgan, Ferguson and Parkes operations, both internal and external hemorrhoids can be removed.
The advantage of open hemorrhoidectomy is a high percentage of complete healing (relapses occur in only 2% of cases), and the main disadvantage is a very painful and rather long recovery period.
Closed hemorrhoidectomy is characterized by less severity pain syndrome and a shorter recovery period. However, there are also disadvantages: the sutures may come apart during bowel movements, as well as suppuration of the wound.
The Parkes operation is characterized by a short recovery period and minimal risk of complications. However, the technique is considered more difficult for the operating doctor.
It must be remembered that only a doctor can decide on the choice of treatment method.
Possible side effects and complications
1. Pain syndrome
Pain is an unpleasant side effect of any surgery, so your doctor will prescribe pain medications after surgery. They should be taken in the dose prescribed by the doctor.
It should be remembered that pain is guard dog organism that reports danger. Be sure to tell your doctor if:
pain syndrome is not relieved by standard means;
the pain changes its character (becomes throbbing, radiating, etc.);
pain syndrome is accompanied by other symptoms of ill health (weakness, headache, increased body temperature).
A change in the nature of the pain syndrome, an increase in pain intensity and the appearance of additional symptoms may indicate the development of complications.
2. Infectious and inflammatory processes
The most common complication of surgical interventions is wound infection with subsequent suppuration. This development of events is facilitated by both the presence of a wound and a decrease in immunity after surgery (any intervention is stress for the body).
When excision of hemorrhoids, the situation is aggravated by the fact that the wound surface is located in the rectum populated by microbes, through which bacteria-filled feces.
The development of an infectious-inflammatory process can lead to the formation of an abscess (ulcer), intoxication due to the entry of microorganism toxins into the blood, or even sepsis (blood poisoning).
To prevent the development of infection, doctors regularly clean the postoperative wound and prescribe antibiotics orally or intramuscularly. If an abscess occurs, it is opened surgically.
3. Seam separation
Suture dehiscence most often develops as a result of injury to a postoperative wound by hard feces. Prevention of such complications consists of a special diet.
This complication most often occurs in the early postoperative period. Depending on the specific situation, the problem can be solved with surgical intervention or conservatively.
Dehiscence of sutures is fraught with the addition of an infectious process and/or the development of other rarer complications.
4. Retention of feces and urine
Postoperative urinary retention, as a rule, is of a reflex nature. This complication develops predominantly in men. In such cases, doctors use a catheter to empty the bladder in a timely manner. Subsequently, urine passage is completely restored.
Habitual fecal retention may result from the patient's fear of pain during bowel movements. Cases of chronic constipation and even “psychological” intestinal obstruction have been described. This complication can be easily treated with “mild” laxatives.
However, it should be borne in mind that fecal retention after surgery is a symptom of many dangerous complications. Therefore, if you are prone to constipation, you should seek help from a doctor.
5. Other complications
Complications during excision of hemorrhoids are rare. Some pathologies, as a rule, develop against the background of an infectious-inflammatory process, suture dehiscence or other complications.
Relatively rarely, after surgery to remove hemorrhoids, the following occur:
rectal fistulas (abnormal communications between the rectum and another organ and/or perineal surface);
thrombotic complications (thrombosis or thrombophlebitis of the inferior vena cava);
bleeding;
thromboemboria (blockage of the main arteries due to a detached blood clot);
narrowing of the anal canal.
All described pathologies are treatable. For fistulas and bleeding, surgery will be necessary, and narrowing of the anal canal is often treated with mechanical stretching.
Be sure to tell your doctor if swelling suddenly appears - this may be a symptom of thrombophlebitis of the inferior vena cava. This complication requires emergency measures.
To protect yourself from complications during surgery, it is enough to follow all the doctor’s recommendations.
Recovery period
Depending on the surgical method, the patient may remain in the hospital for 3 to 7 days. IN in some cases For closed hemorrhoidectomy, discharge from the hospital is possible after the doctor makes sure that urine flows freely. Further treatment is carried out at home under the supervision of a doctor until complete recovery.
The rehabilitation period includes a protective regime and an intestinal-friendly diet. In the first days after surgery, you should not be in a sitting position, and heavy physical activity is also prohibited. You should avoid rough, spicy, salty foods and alcohol.
For the speedy healing of a postoperative wound, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of hygiene (washing after each bowel movement), as well as use all local medications recommended by the doctor (ointments and suppositories).
An important condition for preventing complications is normalizing stool. Bowel movements should be regular, preferably daily. If necessary, use mild laxatives.
Is it possible to postpone surgery to remove hemorrhoids?
Excision of hemorrhoids – planned intervention which is carried out at a time convenient for the patient. However, surgical treatment should not be delayed for a long time.
With a long course of chronic hemorrhoids, the following complications may develop:
bleeding with development chronic anemia;
thrombosis and/or gangrene of the node;
infectious and inflammatory processes;
exhaustion of the body;
anal fissure;
colon polyps, etc.
The development of complications means longer, more painful and more expensive treatment. Take care of yourself and your loved ones, do not try to “heal” with folk remedies, contact a proctologist in a timely manner.
Treatment of hemorrhoids in City Clinical Hospital No. 31
Hemorrhoids in women and men are a very common disease. Our doctors have many years of experience working with this pathology.
Removal of hemorrhoids in City Clinical Hospital No. 31 is carried out using both traditional and the most modern methods. If it is possible to use non-surgical removal of hemorrhoids, our doctors will select the most appropriate method for your case.
Our clinic has a compulsory medical insurance policy.
You can find out about the paid services provided at the clinic
Do not put off visiting a proctologist from day to day. The sooner you start treatment, the easier it will be! Trust your health to professionals.
Varicose veins of the rectum today can be cured using a variety of methods. But in severe stages of the pathological process, surgery to remove hemorrhoids is considered the most preferable and effective.
Today, minimally invasive techniques are most often used, which have proven to be well tolerated, have a short rehabilitation period, and have a minimal number of contraindications and undesirable consequences.
In the most severe cases, radical treatment methods are used (for example, hemorrhoidectomy), which are usually quite difficult for patients to tolerate and are characterized by a long recovery period. However, such operations allow you to forget about hemorrhoids forever.
When is hemorrhoid removal indicated?
Since the classic operation to remove enlarged hemorrhoids involves a certain violation of the integrity of the body’s tissues, there must be serious indications for its purpose.
A radical solution to the problem is possible in the following situations:
- there is a constant release of cavernous formations from the rectal canal, not only during defecation, but also in the event of any physical effort;
- the patient is bothered by frequent or massive discharge from the rectal canal, which threatens anemia;
- significant sizes of hemorrhoids are noted various localizations(minimally invasive methods are also prescribed in the initial stages if large cavernous bodies are diagnosed);
- the patient has a tendency to;
- a person is unable to lead a normal life, since pain, itching and bleeding make it difficult to solve many everyday problems and interfere with the performance of work tasks;
- conservative methods treatments have shown ineffectiveness; on the contrary, the patient’s condition is only getting worse.
Of course, in each specific case the decision to perform surgical intervention is decided by the doctor, taking into account all the nuances. The ideal option is to get by altogether, using only medications.
Obstacles to the operation
Despite the fact that hemorrhoidectomy is not an abdominal operation, such a surgical intervention involves excision of the skin, mucous membrane and vascular structures, which does not exclude the occurrence of various complications. That is why the doctor calculates all possible risks.
It is extremely rare for elderly patients to undergo surgery to remove hemorrhoids due to the difficult recovery period and the use of general anesthesia. In addition, older patients usually have a significant number of concomitant chronic diseases.
For example, with extreme caution, radical operations to remove hemorrhoids are prescribed to people with diabetes, chronic hypertension, or simultaneous inflammation of the small and large intestines.
Classic operations for excision of hemorrhoids also have strict contraindications, including:
- , which are localized in the area of the lower rectum;
- infection of the large intestine;
- rectal canal;
- decompensated stage of disease internal organs(respiratory and cardiovascular system);
- bearing a child;
- low blood clotting, tendency to bleed.
But the above situations are not an absolute obstacle - as they say, once and for all. In most cases, the patient will simply have to wait a while to get rid of temporary contraindications and.
With minimally invasive methods, the number of contraindications is significantly reduced, including due to a more gentle effect on the human body.
What does preparation for surgery include?
If there are direct indications for surgery and there are no restrictions, the doctor prescribes hemorrhoidectomy. However, a radical method of treating proctological disease must be preceded by a preparatory period.
First of all, it is shown to carry out instrumental methods diagnostics to accurately determine the location and size of hemorrhoids. The doctor usually performs anoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.
In addition, as with any surgical interventions (if they are not emergency), in the case of hemorrhoidectomy, the patient must pass some preliminary tests:
- general clinical blood test, including, among other things, determination of bleeding duration, clotting period, platelet level;
- general clinical urine test;
- biochemical blood test, which includes determining the level of glucose, bilirubin, urea, cholesterol, etc. (depending on concomitant diseases);
- establishing blood group and Rh factor;
- blood test for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis, syphilis.
Before surgery, the patient needs to cleanse the intestines. It is better to do this with an enema, but if this procedure is not possible, the use of strong laxatives is indicated - for example, Fortrans.
You should also refuse a few days before an important event. medical supplies which thin the blood. This list includes anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents and some NSAIDs.
In addition, the correct psychological attitude of the patient is no less important. To avoid various fears and depression, it is better to trust the doctor and not read, for example, various negative reviews and unpleasant comments from patients who have undergone hemorrhoidectomy.
Is hospitalization always necessary? Usually, hospitalization is indicated if it is prescribed, which involves the use of general anesthesia.
If minimally invasive treatment of hemorrhoids is planned, then the list of preparatory measures is reduced, the intervention is carried out on an outpatient basis, and after the procedure the patient returns home almost immediately.
Methods for radical removal of hemorrhoids
As noted earlier, radical operations are performed in exceptional cases when all other treatment techniques have exhausted themselves and demonstrated ineffectiveness. There are several options for such interventions.
Hemorrhoidectomy
It is considered a kind of classic among operations for excision of hemorrhoids.
Such an intervention was developed quite a long time ago - back in 1937.
Proctologists constantly modified the course of the operation and especially its completion, so that today there are several types of this surgical intervention.
- Open hemorrhoidectomy. This is the initial version of the operation, the essence of which is to remove both the nodule itself and nearby tissues. The edges of the wound are not sutured; the surface will heal naturally. Use a scalpel knife, laser or electric coagulator.
- Closed hemorrhoidectomy. It was developed in the late 50s of the last century by surgeon Ferguson. The main difference from the previous version of the intervention is suturing the tissues after removing the nodules. In this case, it is possible to carry out the procedure in an outpatient setting.
- Submucosal hemorrhoidectomy. This option was proposed by surgeon Parks. During the operation, which is of a certain complexity, only the hemorrhoid is removed, and the base of the formation is left, and the mucous membrane is not injured. The patient tolerates such an intervention much easier than previous operations.
The main advantage of hemorrhoidectomy over other methods of treating the disease is that it relieves the person of the immediate source of unpleasant symptoms. The intervention also has serious disadvantages:
- duration of the procedure;
- use of general anesthesia;
- quite massive blood loss;
- risk of complications;
- pain syndrome;
- long recovery period.
But in some cases, only hemorrhoidectomy saves the patient from the disease. In any case, there must be serious indications for such a procedure.
Hemorrhoidopexy
It is hemorrhoidopexy that is now actively replacing the classical options for removing enlarged cavernous formations due to its less traumatic nature.
How does the intervention work? The surgeon excises areas of the rectal canal mucosa in a circle, above the hemorrhoid. Then the pathological formation is pulled up, where it is secured with titanium clips.
As a result of the operation, the blood supply to the cavernous body is disrupted, so after a short period of time it decreases in size and then disappears altogether.
The procedure has a number of advantages:
- complete painlessness, since there are no large accumulations of receptor formations in the excised areas. Local anesthesia is only necessary for the insertion of a special dilator;
- the possibility of carrying out in elderly patients, people with chronic diseases and even in expectant and nursing mothers;
- speed of implementation, because an experienced surgeon will perform the manipulations in just a quarter of an hour;
- quick and painless recovery.
However, surgery for inflamed hemorrhoids also has some disadvantages. Thus, such an intervention is not carried out in the external form of proctological disease.
In addition, due to the use of disposable instruments, the operation is high in cost, especially when compared with classic hemorrhoidectomy.
Further treatment tactics
Getting rid of hemorrhoids as quickly as possible is the main condition for successful treatment. However, if you still cannot do without surgery, it is necessary to properly go through the recovery period in order to prevent various undesirable consequences.
Doctors advise following hemorrhoidectomy following recommendations:
- do not eat food for the first day . On the first day, you should completely avoid eating in order to prevent natural bowel movements (feces can damage the wound surface or suture);
- stick to a strict diet. Throughout the entire rehabilitation period, it is necessary to eat properly, for example, soups and cereals. Then the diet can expand, but refusal harmful products required. Read more about the diet after hemorrhoid removal;
- drink the required amount of liquid. The doctor determines the amount of water and other liquids to prevent constipation by softening the stool;
- don't endure pain. With open hemorrhoidectomy, the beginning of the recovery period is accompanied by severe pain. In such a situation, doctors prescribe special drugs usually in the form of ointments or suppositories;
- speed up healing. To speed up regeneration processes, it is necessary to regularly lubricate the mucous membranes and skin in the anorectal area with ointments, for example, methyluracil ointment or Levomekol;
- use folk recipes. You can also use prescriptions to speed up recovery. alternative medicine in agreement with a specialist. For example, doctors recommend regularly performing sitz baths with medicinal herbs.
If after surgery the patient suffers from constipation, laxative medications are indicated. But this does not mean that you should not adhere to healthy eating. Exactly proper diet after hemorrhoid surgery is a factor preventing the recurrence of hemorrhoids.
Usually after a classic hemorrhoidectomy it lasts 4 weeks. In this case, the person must remain in the hospital for the first week.
Possible complications of hemorrhoidectomy
Unfortunately, removing hemorrhoids in the traditional way may not lead to relief from unpleasant symptoms, but to the acquisition of new problems - serious complications. What can happen in the worst case scenario?
- Bleeding. Blood loss after surgery is possible due to damage to the sutures, insufficient cauterization of veins and capillaries.
- Urinary retention. A similar consequence occurs in men and is characterized by the inability to empty on their own. bladder. In this case, a catheter comes to the rescue.
- Psychogenic constipation. Fear of discomfort when visiting the toilet causes patients to retain feces, which further complicates the situation.
- Prolapse of the lower part of the rectal canal. If the surgeon damages the muscles and nerve clusters, it is possible that the mucous membrane may escape beyond the anal sphincter.
- Narrowing of the rectal canal. Occurs as a result of incorrect actions of the surgeon. For expansion, special instruments are used or plastic surgery is prescribed.
- Fistulas. Such formations are pathological tubules that connect the rectal passage with nearby organs or skin.
- Formation of pus. Inflammation and suppuration quite often complicate the postoperative period. This is due to the large number pathogenic bacteria in the anus. Antibacterial therapy or opening of pustules is indicated.
Many of the undesirable consequences described above can be prevented if you follow all the doctor’s recommendations, especially those related to hygiene requirements.
Important! Hemorrhoidectomy usually allows you to completely get rid of hemorrhoids in the vast majority of cases. However, the patient is still advised to take preventive measures to avoid a possible relapse.
Minimally invasive techniques
For hemorrhoids, surgery can be gentle. It is these procedures that include the so-called minimally invasive methods for removing varicose hemorrhoidal veins.
The disadvantages include the ineffectiveness of most methods in the final stages varicose veins anal veins In addition, all symptoms of exacerbation of hemorrhoidal disease must first be relieved.
Unfortunately, minimally invasive methods do not always lead to complete relief from the disease, since the main cause of the disease – venous insufficiency – is not eliminated.
Doctors warn that with numerous cavernous formations, a course of several minimally invasive operations will have to be carried out, which means, among other things, that the procedure will become more expensive.
There is also evidence that in some cases hemorrhoids return again, that is, there is a high probability of relapse of the disease and the occurrence of unpleasant symptoms.
Types of interventions
The main minimally invasive techniques include the following gentle surgical interventions:
- . The specialist, using special tools, places a ring made of environmentally friendly latex on the base of the nodule, which prevents the flow of blood. A cone left without nutrition dies after 14 days;
- laser coagulation. Hemorrhoids are treated using directed radiation. This leads to coagulation of tissues and blood vessels, as a result of which the nodules become smaller, and then healed areas of the mucous appear in their place;
- . A device is inserted into the rectal canal, which tightens arterial vessel, feeding the hemorrhoids. A very promising method of treating anal varicose veins;
- . An adhesive agent is injected into the venous plexuses, which leads to disruption of the activity of the vessels feeding the nodules. As a result, bleeding stops and the size of the cones decreases;
- . Hemorrhoids are exposed to infrared rays, as a result of which the tissues coagulate, bake, and in their place a crust is formed, which comes out during bowel movements;
- cryodestruction. Therapeutic manipulation is carried out using liquid nitrogen, which simply freezes and destroys varicose veins. The main advantage is complete painlessness and elimination of bleeding.
Operations to remove hemorrhoids can be performed free of charge if you have a compulsory medical insurance policy. However, in this case, hemorrhoidectomy is prescribed, which, accordingly, is characterized by pain and a long recovery period.
That is why many patients turn to private clinics for minimally invasive operations. In such a situation, you will have to shell out money from your wallet, and the amounts are quite impressive.
Depending on the chosen technique, the severity of the disease and the number of hemorrhoids, the price can vary from 3 to 60 thousand rubles.
Treatment of any disease, even surgically, will be effective if after the operation you change your lifestyle, observe hygiene measures and follow all medical recommendations.
Only when executed preventive measures Once accepted, negative symptoms will not return again. This means that surgery is not the final stage in the fight against hemorrhoidal disease.
Hemorrhoids are a disease of the rectum that occurs due to dilation of the veins. As a result, blood clots accumulate in the tissues of the rectum and hemorrhoids appear.
Before becoming chronic, hemorrhoids go through 4 stages of development. If on initial stage This disease can be cured without surgery, but in the last stages this problem can only be solved through surgery to remove hemorrhoids.
Surgery to remove hemorrhoids is currently carried out mainly in the final stages of the process, if all other treatment methods have been found ineffective by the attending physician. In addition, surgical intervention is recommended for thrombosis of hemorrhoids.
An indication for surgery to remove hemorrhoids may be the presence of prolapsed nodes, which is accompanied by heavy hemorrhoidal bleeding.
Currently, one of the most effective treatments for hemorrhoids is surgical removal of hemorrhoids, which should be carried out outside the stage of exacerbation of the disease. The main contraindication for this procedure is pronounced inflammatory processes in the rectum.
Modern operations aimed at removing hemorrhoids are carried out in several ways. Previously rehabilitation period after the operation to remove hemorrhoids was quite long, while the operation itself was extremely painful. Thanks to modern methods surgical treatment hemorrhoids, as well as improved instruments, hemorrhoid removal surgery can be performed safely, quickly and virtually painlessly in most cases.
There are a number of indications for which surgery to remove hemorrhoids is a necessary treatment measure.
If rectal prolapse, accompanied by heavy bleeding, is diagnosed in a young man, it is recommended to immediately undergo surgery, since blood loss can cause the development of anemia.
If a middle-aged person suffers from hemorrhoids, in most cases surgery is also recommended. however, the patient must first undergo a complete medical examination. In addition, invasive procedures are indicated. Thanks to these procedures, some patients will be able to get rid of rectal prolapse and heavy bleeding. In this case, there is no need for surgery to remove hemorrhoids.
For older people suffering from rectal prolapse, mainly medicinal treatment methods, such as tablets, suppositories and ointments, are indicated. Not the least place in the treatment of this category of people is occupied by folk remedies for hemorrhoids. Surgical intervention for this category of patients is recommended only in exceptional cases, with a severe degree of development of this disease.
Since hemorrhoid removal is a real operation that is performed under anesthesia, this procedure may be contraindicated in patients with severe concomitant pathology.
Also contraindications for hemorrhoid removal surgery are:
- heart failure;
- various oncological diseases;
- diabetes mellitus (due to poor wound healing);
- intestinal diseases associated with the presence of ulcers or acute inflammatory processes;
- immunodeficiency states.
It is worth noting
One of the relative contraindications to surgery is pregnancy. Deleted on later During pregnancy, hemorrhoids are often prone to recurrence, while without surgical intervention they can disappear after childbirth on their own.
Methods of surgical intervention: minimally invasive, surgical, laser, Longo operation. Cost of surgery to remove hemorrhoids.
Surgical removal of hemorrhoids is performed in almost 50% of cases of hemorrhoids - this can be explained by the fact that patients often consult a doctor when conservative treatment methods are no longer effective. The following methods of surgical intervention are distinguished: minimally invasive, removal of hemorrhoids surgically, removal of hemorrhoids with laser.
Minimally invasive methods
The peculiarity of minimally invasive methods is that the specialist does not use a scalpel to remove hemorrhoids - instead, several punctures are made in the internal tissues, through which all the necessary manipulations are performed. The undeniable advantage of this method is the absence of any contraindications, as well as a relatively short rehabilitation period.
The most common minimally invasive methods for removing hemorrhoids can be considered: sclerotherapy, ligation using latex rings, mono- or bipolar coagulation, laser coagulation, photocoagulation using infrared radiation, and cryodestruction.
Surgical removal of hemorrhoids involves:
- Conventional surgery to remove hemorrhoids
- Removing dropped nodes using radio waves
- Hemorrhoidectomy
- An operation aimed at removing hemorrhoids using the Longo method
One of the most common surgical procedures to remove hemorrhoids is the Longo procedure for hemorrhoids.
How to remove hemorrhoids using the Longo method:
- At a distance of 1 centimeter from the edges of the anus, special clamps are applied to the skin, which are then stretched to the sides.
- A dilator is inserted into the anal canal, which is fixed to the skin of the perianal area with four sutures. The ends of the threads are tied with knots. After this, an anoscope with an obturator is inserted into the dilator.
- A purse-string suture is placed on the rectal mucosa, in an area located 4-5 centimeters above the dentate line. At the same time, while sewing seams, the anoscope cannot be rotated in the expander - for each new stitch it is pulled out and inserted back again. due to which the mucous membrane does not twist, and the seam is symmetrical.
- The threads are not tightened immediately, since it is first necessary to check the correctness of the seam.
- A hemorrhoidal circular stapler is inserted into the lumen of the rectum - the head of the device is directed above the purse-string suture, and the stapler itself should be in the maximum open position.
- The purse string suture is carefully tightened, the threads forming it are tied with one knot, after which the ends of the threads are brought out through the side holes of the stapler, tied and held.
- The stapler is moved inward, its handle is turned clockwise, the device is closed, a fragment of the intestinal mucosa and hemorrhoidal vessels are crossed with a circular knife, and the ends of the wound are carefully fastened.
- The stapler is removed. In this case, the removed piece of the intestinal mucosa must be examined to ensure that the procedure was performed correctly.
- If bleeding persists, additional stitches of absorbable surgical suture are performed.
- After removing the anoscope from the intestine, soaked water is placed on the affected area for a day. medicines gauze strip and gas outlet tube.
If we talk about how much the operation to remove hemorrhoids costs, then according to the Longo method, the cost of the operation is approximately 35 to 40 thousand rubles.
Advantages of Longo's operation for hemorrhoids:
- The duration of the procedure is only about 15-20 minutes.
- Absence of extensive wounds in the patient after the procedure.
- Short rehabilitation period - a person can return to normal life almost immediately.
However, there are also disadvantages of the Longo operation for hemorrhoids:
- External hemorrhoids cannot be removed using the Longo method.
- This type medical services has a high cost.
Laser removal of hemorrhoids.
The main advantage of this method is the absence of pronounced pain. During the procedure, the patient feels virtually no pain, which allows him to avoid prescribing painkillers. In addition, unlike other methods of surgical intervention, after this procedure you can walk immediately.
Another advantage of the laser treatment method is the fact that when using this method there is virtually no trauma to the anus and rectal lining.
Removal of hemorrhoids with a laser is used both in the initial stages of the disease, with internal nodes, and in the presence of external lumps. The technique for carrying out this manipulation is simple: with the help of a laser, internal nodes are burned out from the inside, connective tissue develops in them, and a natural reduction in size of the nodes occurs. In the case of external hemorrhoids, the nodes are cut off with a laser beam. In this case, the tissues are instantly fused without bleeding.
In the photo you can see the results of laser hemorrhoid removal:
A - hemorrhoids before laser removal;
B – area of hemorrhoids after the procedure laser removal.
The laser hemorrhoid removal technique has the following advantages:
- Laser removal of hemorrhoids is relatively painless; during this procedure, the patient feels only a slight warmth. Patients with a low pain threshold may request laser removal under local anesthesia.
- The duration of the procedure for removing hemorrhoids with a laser is only 10 – 15 minutes, which allows it to be carried out on an outpatient basis.
- There is no need for any preliminary preparation to carry out this procedure.
- Almost immediately after the procedure, the patient can go home, and the very next day he can return to normal work activities.
- Thanks to. that the laser beam instantly cauterizes the bleeding vessels, there is no blood loss when removing hemorrhoids with a laser.
- There are no scars left after this procedure.
- The procedure for laser removal of hemorrhoids can be carried out in the presence of inflammatory processes, fistulas and cracks.
However, there are some disadvantages:
- Large hemorrhoids are not completely removed, which can lead to relapses of the disease in the next 5 years.
- Laser hemorrhoid removal surgery is a fairly expensive procedure.
Often, after surgical removal of hemorrhoids, the question arises - what to do to avoid relapse? What should you pay attention to during the postoperative period?
In this case, it is necessary to perform a number of treatment procedures aimed at accelerating regenerative processes and preventing various complications. Quite often, special baths based on chamomile or potassium permanganate are taken for this purpose. If the recovery process is accompanied by severe pain, the use of analgesics is indicated; for inflammatory processes and bleeding, suppositories and ointments are used.
It is worth noting
Treatment of any disease can be effective only with an integrated approach, which includes significant changes in lifestyle in general. Otherwise, after some time the disease may return again.
In addition, in the future it is necessary to follow preventive methods aimed at preventing relapses of the disease. In the absence of complications, performing special exercises for hemorrhoids will be effective.
Most patients want to get an answer to the question: “What is a hemorrhoid, and how to remove it without radical methods?” Despite the fact that hemorrhoids are not considered a serious pathology, their presence can significantly reduce a person’s quality of life and bring a lot of inconvenience.
A hemorrhoid is a vascular formation located in the rectum. After normal blood circulation in the pelvic organs is disrupted, the walls of the vessels begin to lose their tone, stretch and protrude into the rectal cavity. This is how a hemorrhoid or lump is formed. It is filled with venous blood clots. 
If the patient has severe pain, a mixture of finely grated beets And carrots. After mixing them and wrapping them in gauze, the resulting healing potion is applied to the inflamed nodes. Regular use of this method leads to a significant reduction in pain. 
Enemas prepared with wormwood infusion And beet juice.
Therapy is carried out according to the following scheme. First, use an infusion (1 tablespoon of herb per 1 liter of boiling water). Cooled to 37 degrees, the infusion is filtered and. The next day, apply red beet juice. Alternate administration of such enemas not only leads to a decrease in pain, but also reduces the severity of the inflammatory process.
Is it possible to remove a hemorrhoid without surgery?
Today, surgical and conservative treatment is used to get rid of hemorrhoids. Surgery is performed at the latest stages of the disease.
In the early stages of the inflammatory process, preference is given to drug therapy, which not only relieves the symptoms of the disease, but also significantly reduces the size of the affected node. 
To ensure the most powerful therapeutic effect, experts recommend a combination of external and internal use. Combined use Proctozana or Relief with medicinal ointments Troxevasin And Troxerutin promotes rapid relief from uncomfortable pathology.
In order to strengthen the tone of the walls blood vessels and minimize the risk of blood clots, use medications in tablet form. The use of tablets can eliminate various bleeding and significantly reduce painful sensations in the area where hemorrhoids appear.
Hemorrhoids in a child
In most cases, the reasons that cause the appearance of hemorrhoids in children differ from those that underlie the disease in older age groups. The main cause of pathology in children is constipation, which is observed both in infants and in other age groups. In more early age they arise due to dysbiosis or gastrointestinal imbalance. Schoolchildren suffer from constipation as a result of poor nutrition. 
It is also necessary to take into account the factor of poor mobility and activity of the modern child.
Pathology in children is represented by classical clinical picture. Feeling foreign body in the anus, accompanied by an attack of intense itching and burning. But only adult children can speak out about the discomfort they feel.
As the disease progresses, the child develops a small nodule, which is easily identified visually during straining. Also, blood clots may appear in the baby's excrement, which indicates the presence of a microcrack in the mucous membrane of the anus.
If a child develops at least one of the above signs, then parents should not try to get rid of the disease on their own, but go for examination to a specialist. 
Timely diagnosis pathology will help the doctor choose the optimal treatment method.
Carry out in a conservative way. For this purpose, the proctologist prescribes regular suppositories for adults, but taking into account the characteristics of the child’s body.
Treatment with suppositories is carried out at least 2 times a day after visiting the toilet. The suppositories must be inserted carefully to avoid mechanical damage to the inflamed hemorrhoid.
How to remove hemorrhoids if some symptoms of this disease appear, and can you do it yourself or do you need to see a doctor? Such questions often arise among those who first felt a feeling of discomfort in the location of the anus and characteristic features inherent in this disease. As a rule, in the initial stage of development of hemorrhoids, a person tries to cope with it on his own, using different methods.
How to remove hemorrhoids at home quickly
In order to quickly eliminate hemorrhoids at home, you can use not only pharmaceutical drugs, but also by other means in the form of self-made candles, baths with herbal decoctions, lotions and ointments.
If hemorrhoids are accompanied by pain, then it is best to use special candles, which can be purchased at any pharmacy, or make them yourself at a very low price. Suppositories made from raw potatoes are good for relieving symptoms of hemorrhoids: potatoes are shaped into a candle and inserted into the anus, being careful. 
Ice candles have also proven themselves to be excellent, in the manufacture of which water is poured into a paper cone and placed in freezer. After freezing, the finished candle is freed from the paper and inserted into the rectum. Instead of plain water, you can use herbal decoctions, and replace the paper cone with the finger of a rubber glove.
As a remedy, without the help of doctors, lotions from medicinal plants that have anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties are used. To do this, soak a napkin with a decoction of nettle, chamomile, and plantain and apply it to the affected area.
You can also use special ointments containing analgesics; their use can eliminate the inflammatory process and relieve pain.
How to eliminate the symptoms of hemorrhoids during pregnancy
Hemorrhoids are considered a fairly common problem that occurs in women in the second half of pregnancy. Treatment in such cases should be comprehensive, aimed primarily at eliminating inflammation. To do this, it is necessary to use means that do not pose a danger to the development of the fetus, in the form of rectal ointments or suppositories. They have a therapeutic effect on inflammatory processes, relieve pain and help reduce hemorrhoids.
Most often in such cases, drugs in the form of: 
- Ichthyol ointment;
- Vishnevsky ointments;
- Hepatrombina G;
- Heparin ointment;
- Neo-Anuzola.
In cases where the safety of hemorrhoid medications has not been confirmed by research, they should not be used on pregnant women.
The nature of treatment for hemorrhoids during pregnancy depends on the degree of development of the disease. Most often, the disease is detected by chance during examination; it does not cause any particular inconvenience, since it has not reached full development at this time. To prevent exacerbation of hemorrhoids, patients are recommended to use a set of therapeutic exercises, follow a diet to prevent constipation, as well as carefully follow hygiene rules. 
In cases where pregnant women experience itching and burning, as well as pain, the use of ointments, gels, rectal suppositories, as well as some medications for internal use. Exacerbation with prolapse of nodes and bleeding significantly complicate the course of pregnancy. In such a situation, surgical treatment with excision of nodes is recommended. But such measures are resorted to in the most extreme cases, when a threatening situation is created.
In most cases, even in such situations, they try to reschedule the operation postpartum period, but for now they are limited to therapeutic measures using antibacterial, vasoconstrictor drugs and agents aimed at eliminating pain and inflammation.
How to eliminate hemorrhoids after childbirth
It is better to entrust the treatment of hemorrhoids in the postpartum period to a specialist, since during breastfeeding, self-medication with the use of certain drugs can harm the baby. To eliminate the negative manifestations of the disease during lactation, it is necessary to use complex treatment methods.
For this purpose, they are used in the form of ointments, suppositories, venotonic drugs for internal use and the following recommendations must be observed:
The following drugs are used as drugs approved for eliminating the symptoms of hemorrhoids during lactation:
Is it possible to do this without surgery?
With the development of hemorrhoids, doctors try not to bring the condition of hemorrhoids and the inflammatory process to surgery, using various methods of conservative treatment. Therapeutic methods Treatment consists of the use of agents that eliminate itching and inflammation, as well as the use of antibacterial, vasoconstrictor and healing drugs.
Vasoconstrictor suppositories for hemorrhoids contain the substance tribenzoid, supplemented with natural oils and lidocaine. Their use helps relieve pain and quickly reduce the size of hemorrhoids, up to their complete disappearance.
Therapy aimed at treating hemorrhoids is supplemented with drugs with antibacterial properties, such as Levomekol ointment, which contains methyluracil and chloramphenicol. It is applied to the affected tissue and protects against the development of infection. For vein thrombosis and signs of necrosis, ointments containing heparin are prescribed, which helps eliminate these disorders.
And other unpleasant symptoms accompanying hemorrhoids are prescribed painkillers in the form of ointments and suppositories. The duration of treatment should be determined by a specialist, based on the fact that after stopping the use of medications, the symptoms of the disease do not recur. 
The use of drug therapy will be effective only if the disease is in the initial stages of development. As a rule, in this case it is possible to achieve excellent results and completely eliminate the manifestation of hemorrhoids. If hemorrhoids have taken a chronic form with frequent periods of exacerbation, and its symptoms are quite pronounced, then the use of therapy may not show the desired result. In this case, you have to resort to more radical methods of treatment, most often minimally invasive surgical interventions.
Folk remedies for hemorrhoids
When used to treat hemorrhoids, it must be remembered that they are based on the use of natural plants and substances that, with their properties, can cause a reaction in the form of an allergy. Therefore, in this case it is necessary to act with caution, and despite the fact that the treatment will be carried out independently, it is better to consult a doctor first. 
Baths with decoctions of medicinal herbs in the form of chamomile, onion peel or plain salt water can eliminate the symptoms of itching and relieve pain. The use of various natural oil made from flax, sea buckthorn or olive.
As an effective remedy that can eliminate the exacerbation of hemorrhoids and relieve pain and other symptoms, you can use candles made. For this, wax is used, to which various useful components are added in the form of propolis, Kalanchoe or aloe juice. The use of such suppositories will not only eliminate inflammation, but will also have a beneficial effect on the entire body.
Experts who treat hemorrhoids using traditional medicine recipes recommend using honey compresses, poultices made from aspen leaves, or woodlice herbs. A significant effect in treatment can be achieved by using enemas with sage and honey, retaining the liquid as long as possible. 
When using any means to treat hemorrhoids, it is necessary to take into account that no treatment will be beneficial or bring relief if you do not follow some recommendations. To do this, you need to change your diet, follow a certain diet, try to lead a more active lifestyle, and give up bad habits.
Drug treatment
As a rule, rarely does anyone decide to consult a doctor at the first symptoms of hemorrhoids, hoping to independently eliminate the problems that have arisen in their body. And, as practice shows, it is in vain, since time may be lost and the disease will become chronic. The advanced stage of hemorrhoids threatens many complications that threaten health and can cause irreversible changes.
Conditions such as vein thrombosis, a decrease in hemoglobin to the lower limit due to blood loss, diseases genitourinary system are eliminated with the help of a long and complex treatment. It is important to have time to contact a specialist at the first stage of the development of the disease, while changes 
caused by him did not take a serious nature. Correctly selected treatment regimen for at this stage can completely eliminate the problem.
As effective treatment Several types of drugs are used. One of them is venotonics, which prevent the formation of blood clots, thereby preventing blockage of the veins and restoring impaired blood supply. The duration of treatment with this type of drug is determined by the attending physician, while simultaneously limiting the consumption of fatty foods and alcohol. As a result of treatment, the walls of the venous vessels are strengthened, which prevents their further expansion.
Exacerbation of hemorrhoids is almost always accompanied by pain, which significantly complicates the usual lifestyle and negatively affects mental state patients. To relieve pain, special ointments or suppositories are used, which are used on the recommendation of a doctor. The anesthetics and anti-inflammatory substances they contain eliminate inflammation and relieve pain.
Often, if necessary, experts recommend taking painkillers 
non-narcotic ones such as Nise, Pentalgin, Ketanov, which effectively relieve pain, however, their use in order to avoid addiction should not last more than three days. When using painkillers, it is also necessary to take laxatives, since constipation and difficulty with bowel movements increase pain symptoms.
If, the disease can progress to a more serious stage, which is accompanied by high temperature, bleeding and severe inflammation with the appearance of pus. In this case, it is important to stop the bleeding using one of the hemostatic drugs in the form of Etamsylate, Vikasol, Dicinone. They are available in tablet form and in the form of injections and are used in cases where the bleeding is prolonged and cannot be stopped with lotions and ice.
A simpler method to help cope with bleeding is to use a hemostatic sponge soaked in boric acid and furatsilin. It is applied to 
anus, as a result of which the vessels contract and bleeding stops. If bleeding occurs due to internally located nodes, then the sponge is inserted into the rectum and remains in it until completely dissolved. Such methods work flawlessly and stop bleeding immediately. However, if this happens repeatedly, it is necessary to determine the cause of the violations that have occurred and receive targeted medical assistance.
Prevention of hemorrhoids
Like any other disease, hemorrhoids are better prevented than treated for a long time. As preventive measures, it is necessary to pay attention to your body and promptly eliminate the slightest negative changes in it. An important measure is to prevent the occurrence of digestive problems and disturbances in intestinal motility. 
To do this, you need to eat right to avoid constipation and empty your bowels in a timely manner. It is also important to improve blood flow in the vessels, which helps eliminate congestion in them and prevent the appearance of excessive pressure on certain areas of the veins and their further expansion. To do this, you need to move more, walk, be more active and spend less time sitting.
By changing your lifestyle and taking timely care of your body, you can prevent the development of not only hemorrhoids, but also more serious ones. pathological conditions. The time spent on a healthy lifestyle is nothing compared to how much effort and patience it takes to fight diseases.
Hemorrhoids are characterized by 4 stages of development, separating the acute form from the advanced chronic condition. If in the first stages of pathology formation conservative treatment allows solving the problem, then in the last stages hemorrhoids have to be eliminated radically.
Surgical intervention is mandatory for node thrombosis. Also, surgery is inevitable in the following situations:
- Constantly dropping nodes;
- Heavy hemorrhoidal bleeding;
- Increasing anemia occurring against the background of abnormal bleeding;
- Tendency to seasonal exacerbations of inflammatory processes in the rectal mucosa (including the nodes themselves).
Contraindications for surgery
The main contraindication to surgery to eliminate hemorrhoids is the presence of an inflammatory process (often with additional infection). Often, elderly patients whose medical history is burdened with pulmonary or cardiac pathologies, and the hemorrhoids themselves hardly become inflamed or bleed, are prescribed conservative methods.
This is explained by the fact that it is inappropriate to expose an organism that is not prone to anemia, but sensitive to various stress factors, to any danger. Contraindications include the following:
- Acute heart failure;
- Diabetes mellitus, complicated by poor healing of wounds (including surgical wounds);
- Intestinal pathologies accompanied by total inflammatory processes and the formation of ulcers;
- Immunodeficiency of various origins.
Also, surgery to remove hemorrhoids is not performed on pregnant women. This is largely due to the fact that some pathological protrusions disappear on their own immediately after childbirth.
Surgical procedures
Surgical intervention to get rid of hemorrhoids is performed in 60% of all cases. This pattern is explained quite simply: for any patient, such a problem is delicate and shameful, so many people start the disease and seek help only after hemorrhoids become impossible to ignore. Today, there are many ways to quickly solve the problem of hemorrhoids.
Milligan-Morgan technique
The operation is also called hemorrhoidectomy. This is the most old method surgical treatment, which is considered to be the most traumatic compared to other techniques.
The operation is advisable if the patient has very large nodes and the risk of heavy bleeding is maximum. The doctor removes venous conglomerates completely, even excising fragments of the mucous membrane.
It is worth mentioning the disadvantages of this operation:
- The need to remain under general anesthesia for an extremely long time;
- The risk of heavy bleeding during surgery;
- In the early postoperative period there is a risk of developing numerical complications;
- Long postoperative recovery period.
Parkes technique
The operation is considered one of the variants of the Milligan-Morgan technique. With this type of intervention, it is easier for the patient to tolerate the procedure. The deformed tissues of the nodes are completely excised, but the mucous membrane is almost not affected.
Operation Longo
The most effective radical treatment for hemorrhoids today is considered to be surgery using the Longo method. Positive result can be obtained by disarterization of hemorrhoidal cones.
The doctor penetrates the patient’s rectum, under ultrasound control, dissects and tightens fragments of the arteries that feed the pathological formations. During the procedure, the patient is under local anesthesia. The duration of the entire operation does not exceed 20 minutes. In this case, manipulations are performed on an outpatient basis.
The main advantages of this operation:
- Ability to remove multiple internal nodes;
- During the procedure, the patient suffers almost no blood loss, which is especially important for patients with anemia;
- Short recovery period after surgery;
- Minimum period of hospitalization (maximum 1 day).
However, Longo's method of removing hemorrhoids has one feature. This procedure will not remove external manifestations diseases.
Minimally invasive interventions
To treat small nodes, minimally invasive techniques are used, which are carried out with utmost comfort for the patient and avoiding most complications. Popular methods include infrared photocoagulation.
For grade 1 - 3 hemorrhoids, the doctor removes the node using the energy of an infrared ray, damaging the vascular pedicle of the hemorrhoidal protrusion. In this case, additional cauterization of some sections of the blood vessels approaching the node occurs.
No more than 3 nodes are processed in one session. Removal of formations is allowed in case of minor inflammatory processes of the intestines.
Scleroderma is a method of treating hemorrhoids of degrees 1, 2 and 3. Special substances with sclerosing properties are injected into the formation. The cones sharply decrease in size, while the remaining tissue is replaced over time connective tissue and no longer bring discomfort to a person.
Ligation
Ligation of hemorrhoids is a common method for removing stage 2 and 3 nodes. A special ring made of natural latex is placed over the bump. This element compresses the node, completely blocking the blood flow to the formation. The death of the cone occurs after 2 - 3 weeks.
In this case, the remains of the node are removed from the rectum directly during the process of natural bowel movement. After this, the person can be considered healthy. This is an excellent option, allowing radical intervention to be extremely patient-friendly.
Suture ligation is another minimally invasive procedure for removing hemorrhoids. IN in this case They do not use latex rings, but suture material, which is used to bandage the cones. The method is considered technically simple, and patient reviews indicate that in the postoperative period there are no discomfort do not worry, unlike methods with latex rings.
Complications
No matter how minimally invasive the intervention, complications can always arise, even after the most flawless surgical algorithm. However, problems in the early or late postoperative period still arise due to medical oversight.
The most common complications:
- Suppuration;
- Formation of a fistula or fistula;
- Pathological narrowing of the anal canal;
- Bleeding;
- Urinary retention;
- Rectal prolapse;
- Psychological discomfort, a feeling of fear directly related to worries about one’s delicate problem;
- Weakness of the anal sphincter.
Any of the problems that arise can be solved. It is necessary to understand that removal is only one of the stages of treatment. Rehabilitation takes about 3 - 4 weeks. During this time, the patient must not only recover, but also reconsider his lifestyle.
The person is told how to initially care for tissues whose areas have been removed, and what to do to prevent the re-formation of hemorrhoids. Active lifestyle, change eating habits and paying attention to your health will help you avoid most problems.
